EFFECTS OF WIND AND WIND

TEMPERATURE ON STRUCTURE
 WIND PRESSURE/LOAD

In tall building as height of the building increase wind

speed also increases
Wind tunnel effect takes place when wind hits the
corner of the building which tends the wind to
change its direction and hence wind speed at the
corners are of double speed causing damage to
structure
WIND TEMPERATURE

Due to tall buildings at all the

sides, wind flows downwards
which causes warm and
windier at the streets
Temperature at the top of the
taller building is cold which
eventually makes temperature
drop at the higher floor
At average house or taller
building can usually withstand
wind speed of about a 100 mph
 IT IS DIVIDED INTO 3 PARTS
1.
LOAD
UPLIFT WIND
2. SHEAR WIND LOAD
3. LATERAL WIND LOAD

WIND PRESSURE CAN BE SEEN IN FORMS OF

GALES
CYCLONE
HURRICANS
TYPHOONS
THUNDERSTORMS
LOCALISED STORMS
 UPLIFTT WIND LOAD
UPLIFT WIND LOAD IS
AN UPWARD FORCE OF WIND THAT
WOULD EFFECT THE ROOF AND SIMILAR HORIZONTAL
STRUCTURE OF BUILDING

SHEAR WIND LOAD

WIND PRESSURE THAT IS HORIZONTAL AND

COULD MAKE A BUILDING TILT
LATERAL WIND LOAD
IT IS A HORIZONTAL

PRESSURE
THAT CAN MOVE THE
FOUNDATION OR OVERTURN OF
STRUCTURE

Wind is the only climatic load acting on every type of structure in every
country in the world, unlike snow. The wind speed depends on the
geographic location of the building. Currently, this is one of the main
reasons for the necessity of regional division (wind zone) and consideration
of the altitude stimulated within the official standards; the variation of the
dynamic pressures according to the height above the ground for a "normal"
site deprived of masking effect should be taken into account as well.
The effects of wind surround structures, causing forces on walls and
sometimes entering buildings if openings exist. The complex architecture
of buildings and the requirements from standards for wind make the
determination of wind loads one of the main challenges for structural
engineers
THREE MAJOR WIND EFFECTS THAT RESULT AROUND WIND-SENSITIVE BUILDINGS
ARE:
Effect on environment — changes in wind flows from a new building can affect the
surrounding environment. For tall buildings or skyscrapers in cities, the impact of wind
on pedestrians, vehicles, fountains, etc. in the vicinity of the proposed structure must
be effectively assessed.
Effect on facade — the effect of wind pressures on the building’s façade cladding has
to be assessed. Assessing design loads on cladding can minimise initial costs and
avoid costly maintenance bills resulting from leakage/structural failure.
Effect on structure — the wind load will affect the lateral load on the structural system
of the building.


EFFECTS
Effect of surrounding bodies on wind flow — Hills and other buildings
can affect wind loads on a tall building. Wake characteristics,
formation of vortices, tunnel throttling,
Effects of turbulence and vortex formation — Building corners, uneven
surfaces and high wind speeds can alter wind flow.
Interaction of wind and structure — Wind-structure interaction analysis
through CFD helps determine building flexibility and any deformation
resulting from flow pressure. Then, engineers can predict any potential
instability or dangerous vibrations.