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Introduction to Microprocessors

The document introduces microprocessors and microcomputers. It defines a microprocessor as a multipurpose, programmable integrated logic device that processes data according to binary instructions. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor, memory, bus, and I/O ports on a motherboard. Microcontrollers are similar to microprocessors but are less powerful and found embedded in devices like microwaves and cars. Microcontrollers integrate a microprocessor, memory, and I/O on a single chip.

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155 views8 pages

Introduction to Microprocessors

The document introduces microprocessors and microcomputers. It defines a microprocessor as a multipurpose, programmable integrated logic device that processes data according to binary instructions. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor, memory, bus, and I/O ports on a motherboard. Microcontrollers are similar to microprocessors but are less powerful and found embedded in devices like microwaves and cars. Microcontrollers integrate a microprocessor, memory, and I/O on a single chip.

Uploaded by

oumer beshir
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter One

Introduction to Microprocessors and


Microcomputers

Basics of Microprocessors
What is Microprocessor?
Microprocessor
 Micro-small
 processor-something which does processing
Definition of Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable,
integrated logic device that reads binary instructions
from a storage device called memory accepts binary
data as input and process the data according to these
instructions and gives result as an output
Examples
Intel Processors: 8086, 8085, Dual Core, Core i3,
Core i7, etc
What is a Microcomputer?
The term microcomputer is generally synonymous
with personal computer, or a computer that depends
on a microprocessor
 A microcomputer contains a CPU on a microchip
(the microprocessor), a memory system (typically
ROM and RAM), a bus system and I/O ports,
typically housed in a motherboard
What is a Microcomputer?...
In general a microcomputer is a device, which must
be capable of:
1. receiving input(data and instructions)
2. performing computations(Arithmetic and logical)
3. storing data and instructions
4. displaying the result of any computations
5. Controlling all the devices that perform the above
mentioned tasks
What are Micro-controllers?
 Micro-controllers are another type of uP systems
 They are generally not that powerful, cost a few dollars a
piece, and are found embedded in video games, microwave
ovens, printers, autos, etc.
 They are a complete computer on a chip containing direct
input and output capability and memory along with the uP on a
single chip. Many times they contain other specialized
application-specific components as well
 More than 90% of the microprocessors/micro-controllers
manufactured are used in embedded computing applications
 In 2000 alone, 365 million uPs and 6.4 billion
microcontrollers were manufactured
Microcontroller
Microcontroll
er

 A microcontroller unit (MCU) contains an MPU, memory, and


I/O circuitry on a single chip.
 Such a chip can perform control operations without the need
for any external circuitry.
 e.g. Motorola MC68HC11 (also a microprocessor in the
expanded multiplexed mode), Intel 8051, Arduino, etc
 A microprocessor system?
 uPs are powerful pieces of hardware, but not much useful
on their own
 Just as the human brain needs hands, feet, eyes, ears, mouth
to be useful, so does the uP
Difference B/N Microprocessor & Microcontroller

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