UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

Centre for Diploma Studies

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GROUP ASSIGNMENT
Course Code/Name:
DAM13403/STATICS

GROUP/TOPIC: Section: 3
2/STATIC EQUILIBRIUM

Student’s Name/matrix’s number:

1) AHMAD SAID MAULANA BIN TUKIRAN /
AA212173
2) AHLAM AZFAR BIN AZADIN /AA212238
3) SYED MUHAMMAD NAZRIN BIN SYED ARIFF
/AA212542

Lecturer / Instructor / Tutor’s

Name
1. DR. NOOR AZIZAH
BINTI SIDEK
CONTENT PAGE MARK (%) Score mark (%)

1. INTRODUCTION 1-2 10

2. BACKGROUND OF CASE STUDY 3 10

3. BASIC THEORY 4-5 10

4. ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION 6-7 30

5. DISCUSSION 8 20

6. CONCLUSION 9 10

7. REFERENCES 10 5

Comments: Total
Verified stamp:
 CONTENT PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION 1-2

2 BACKGROUND OF CASE STUDY 3

3 BASIC THEORY 4-5

4 ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION 6-7

5 DISCUSSION 8

6 CONCLUSION 9

7 REFERENCES 10

8 VIDEO PRESENTATION 11
1.0.INTRODUCTION

Static equilibrium refers to any system where the sum of the forces and torque on every
particle of the system happens to be zero. An object is considered to be in a condition of
equilibrium when all of the forces acting on it are balanced. If the rightward forces are balanced
by the leftward forces, and the upward forces are balanced by the downward forces, the forces
are said to be balanced. The forces are balanced when a thing is in equilibrium.

Static equilibrium refers to a physical state in which a system component is at rest and the
net force is zero through the system. Static equilibrium takes place when all the forces acting
on an object are balanced and the object is not in motion related to the relative plane. An object
which is in equilibrium is unable to move. This is because all the forces which act on it
compensate for one another.

Simply, it is the equilibrium of a system whose parts are at rest. Balanced is the important
word to describe equilibrium conditions. This concept is quite important in the design of rigid
structures. These rigid structures range from the floor system of a house to a massive
suspension bridge. Moreover, this rigid structure must maintain static equilibrium under all
loading conditions.

A building needs to be in a state of static equilibrium to be strong and stable. So there are
various ways to calculate and determine whether a building is in a state of static equilibrium
depending on the situation.

1. CABLE AND PULLEY SITUATION(tension concept)

In this situation, we can determine and calculate the maximum weight that can be
accommodated by a rope tension at an angle in a static state of equilibrium. This can be
determined if it consists of satisfying the Equation of Equilibrium
Equation of Equilibrium :

∑Fx = 0 ∑Fy = 0

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 2. LEVER AND BEAM SITUATION(moment concept)

in this lever situation, we can determine how much weight we can use to balance how
much force is on the opposite side by using a small force but a long distance. while in the beam
situation, static equilibrium works to prevent a building from any turning movement. For a
system to be in equilibrium it must satisfy all three equations of equilibrium, which is:

ΣFy=0 ΣFx=0 and ΣMO=0

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2.0.BACKGROUND OF CASE STUDY

In this topic, the real engineering application that we already identified of the static
equilibrium that has been used around us that using tension concept which is the cable car. A
cable car is a vehicle used in the tourism industry that travels and hangs from ropes or cables.
As a result, the cable car must be in a state of static equilibrium to be stable and strong, and the
cable not to be broken or fall off when ridden by visitors. As a result, proper calculations must
be performed to avoid the vehicle from being overloaded, and we can establish the maximum
weight and maximum tension force of the cable that can hold the cable in a condition of static
equilibrium at all times. As a result, we have prepared an example of a cable car structure :

On a building site A Cable car moves a load of 700kg. . With Angle A =40o, Angle B=35o.
Determine the tension force applied through each of the cable cars.

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3.0 BASIC THEORY

When the sum of all the forces and moments in a planar structural system equals zero,
and when all of the forces acting on an object are balanced and the object does not move about
the relative plane, the system is said to be in static equilibrium. Objects in static equilibrium
cannot move, or when in equilibrium, the object moves continuously. This is because all of the
forces acting on it balance each other. This idea is crucial in the design of rigid structures.

There are several important formulas related to static equilibrium that is used in this
situation, and they are as follows:

ΣFx = 0

All x-axis forces will be equal to zero. The force acting as positive in this formula can
be determined to be either a force on the right or a force on the left, and the opposite force will
act as negative on the x-axis.

ΣFy = 0

On the y axis, all forces are equal to zero. As with the x-axis, each positive force can
be determined whether it moves upwards or downwards on the y -axis, and the negative force
is the inverse of the positive force.

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From free body diagram(FBD):

400
350

700KG

The weight of the cable car is given by this free body diagram, and the angles are 40° and
35°. Using that information, we can first calculate the force on the x-axis (ΣFx) and then the
force on the y axis (ΣFy).

1. +→ΣFx =0
-TA COS 400 + TB COS 350 = 0
2. +↑ΣFy =0
TA SIN 400 – TB SIN 350 - 700= 0

We can deduce from these equations that ΣFx+ ΣFy =0 because ΣFx=0 and ΣFy=0 are
in a static state of equilibrium.

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4.0. CALCULATION

On a building site A Cable car moving with a load of 700kg. With Angle A =40, Angle B=35.
Determine the tension force applied through each of the cable car's cable

STEP 1: FULL BODY DIAGRAM(FBD)

FORCE THAT INVOLVED

A
TAX = TA COS 40

TAY = TA SIN 40
0
40 TBX = TB COS 35
0
35
TBY = TB SIN35
B FY = 700KG

700KG

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STEP 2 : CREATE 2 EQUATION USING ΣFy=0 , ΣFx=0

+→ΣFx =0

-TA COS 400 + TB COS 350 = 0

-0.7660 TA + 0.8192 TB = 0

-0.7660 TA = -0.8192 TB

TA = (-0.8192/-0.7660)TB

TA = 1.0695 TB EQUATION 1

+↑ ΣFY =0

TA SIN 400 – TB SIN 350 – FY = 0

0.6428 TA - 0. 5736 TB - (700 X 9.81) = 0

0.6428 TA = 0.5735 TB + 6867N EQUATION 2

STEP 3: FIND TENSION FORCE USING SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION

TA = 1.0695 TB EQUATION 1

0.6428 TA = 0.5735 TB + 6867N EQUATION 2

EQUATION 1 IN EQUATION 2

0.6428 (1.0695 TB) = 0.5735 TB + 6867N

0.6875 TB = 0.5735 TB +6867

(0.6875 – 0.5735)TB = 6867 N

0.114 TB= 6867 N

TB= 60236.84 N

TA = 1.0695(60236.84)

TA = 64423.30 N

∴ TA=64423.30 N,TB=60236.84 N

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5.0. DISCUSSION

Based on the question above show the usage of static equilibrium in our daily lives. There
have 3 steps to calculate the tension of the cable using the static equilibrium formula and
theories.

In the first step, we had to draw an FBD which is a Free Body Diagram to determine the forces
that take part in the question. To decide how to make FBD, first, we must determine all of the
force lines involved. There are three force lines in this question which is tension A, tension B,
and weight. After that, we create the x and y axes and then draw the force lines that have been
determined. After drawing the FBD, we find the force involved in each force line. For example,
Tension B, involves two forces, TBX and TBY. while tension line A also has 2 force involved
which is TAX and TAY. Weight has only one force involved, which is FY. Weight has only one
force involved, which is FY because weight is on the y axis. There is only one force along all
lines of force that are above or parallel to the y and x-axes. Then we determined the values of
forces for each force. For force’s values of tension, we do not know the force’s value at the
tension line so we remain it unknown which is T. Then we determined whether we need to use
cos or sin. we use cos when we want to find force’s value that is adjacent to the angle, while
sin, we use it when we want to find force’s value that is opposite to the angle. So the value’s
forces in this question are

TAX = TA COS 400, TAY = TA SIN 400, TBX = TB COS 350, TBY = TB SIN 350, FY = 700KG

In the second step, we need to make two-equation to find two unknown values which are
TA and TB. To make this equation, we had to use the sum of force x (ΣFx=0), and the sum of
force y (ΣFy=0). For equation 1 which is ΣFx=0, we assumed all the rightward force x are
positive while all the leftward force x is negative. For equation 2, which is ΣFy=0, we assumed
all the upward force y is positive while all the downward force y is negative. In ΣFx=0, TAX
will become negative because TAX is leftward force while TBX will become positive because
TBX is rightward force. In ΣFy=0, TAY will become positive because TAY is upward force while
TBY and FY will become negative because TBY and FY are the downward force.

Then, using the simultaneous equation method, we solve both equations by finding one
unknown value and replacing it with another equation. The value that we found is TB. Then, in
equation 2, substitute the value of TB to find TA.

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6.0 CONCLUSION

When all of the forces acting on an object are balanced, it is said to be in a state of
equilibrium. If the rightward forces are balanced by the leftward forces and the upward forces
are balanced by the downward forces, the forces are said to be balanced. This does not
necessarily imply that all of the forces are equal. Every force applied to an object along the x
and y axes is equal to zero. This is due to the object's state of rest and balance. The sum of the
forces and the sum of the moments is also equal to zero in static equilibrium.

Form the formula:

1. +→ΣFx = 0

We can calculate the total force on the x-axis using this formula. For instance, FA+FB+FC = 0.

2. +↑ΣFy = 0

We can calculate the total force on the y-axis using this formula, just as we can with ΣFx. For
instance, FA+FB+Fc=0.

We must deduce the keywords for the question from the diagram and comprehend the
information provided. A car cable weighing 700kg with an angle of 40° on A and 35° on B is
depicted in the diagram. In this question, we must determine the tension of the cable on the two
parts. Enter all of the information into the predefined formula and find the cable tension at A
and B based on the formula.

TAX = TA COS 40, TAY = TA SIN 40, TBX = TB COS 35, TBY = TB SIN 35, FY = 700KG

All of the preceding information is relevant to the question. The sum of the forces on the x-
axis can be found by:

+→ΣFx =0

-TA COS 400 + TB COS 350 = 0

To calculate the sum of the forces on the y axis, use:

+↑ΣFy =0

TA SIN 400 – TB SIN 350−Fy = 0

In conclusion, to find the force of an object, the sum of the forces must equal zero because
the object is in a state of equilibrium or is moving at a constant speed.

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7.0 REFERENCES

i) https://www.ecourses.ou.edu/cgi-bin/ebook.cgi?topic=st&chap_sec=05.2&page=theory

ii)https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www2.tntech.edu/leap/
murdock/books/v2chap3.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjeuoS08rP1AhU_zDgGHbxRBLIQFnoECAM
QAQ&usg=AOvVaw0To34gQZmjX4ZF4gRu7hiy

iii)https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/ci
vil-and-environmental-engineering/1-050-solid-mechanics-fall-
2004/readings/emech2_04.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjeuoS08rP1AhU_zDgGHbxRBLIQFnoECBU
QAQ&usg=AOvVaw1XsGSW2cTvq7sc63hYEw7s

iv)https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://openstax.org/books/uni
versity-physics-volume-1/pages/12-2-examples-of-static-
equilibrium&ved=2ahUKEwjeuoS08rP1AhU_zDgGHbxRBLIQFnoECAYQAQ&usg=AOv
Vaw2BbMoFrPDhgwG-OR2kHng9

v)https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.physicsclassroom.
com/class/vectors/Lesson-3/Equilibrium-and-
Statics&ved=2ahUKEwjeuoS08rP1AhU_zDgGHbxRBLIQFnoECBgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3

AX5GGjCSOAPmgUOlLLU0T

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