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Interregional Olympiad for schoolchildren on the basis of departmental

educational organizations (2022)
Physics. Grade 11

Option 1
Task 1. (20 points). The boy sledded down the mountain and drove onto a horizontal road covered with ice.
Friction coefficient between sledge runners and ice µ1=0.05. The length of the skids l = 1 m. Then the ice
surface abruptly ended and the snowy road began. Coefficient of friction between sledge runners and snow
µ2. At that moment, when the distance from the right end of the runners to the beginning of the joint of the
coating was l , the speed modulus of the sledge was v = 2 m/s. At what maximum value
friction µ2ofwill
thethe
coefficient
sled of
completely enter the snowy road?

Task 2. (20 points). There are neutron stars in the universe, which have a mass of a little
more than the mass of the Sun, and a diameter of about 20 km. They consist mainly of neutrons. Some of
them have a very strong magnetic field with induction reaching 1011 T. They are called magnetars. When
the spacecraft flew close to the magnetar, the protective cover of the porthole came off due to a collision
with a small meteorite. Estimate the acceleration with which the lid will fall on the star after separation at the
moment when the distance from it to the star is R = 1000000 km, and the star's magnetic field induction is B
= 5ÿ103 T. Star mass M = 2.8ÿ1030 kg, electrical constant , gravitational constant G = 6.67ÿ10ÿ11 m
ÿ 0 = 8,85ÿ10-12 ÿÿÿ -1

3 · s ÿ 2 · kg ÿ 1 . The lines of force of the magnetic field are perpendicular to the

direction to the center of the star. Cover metal and flat V = 1 m3 and weight m = 10 kg. (Assume that the
plane of the lid is parallel to the field lines.)

Task 3. (20 points). A mixture of water vapor and water is placed in a heat-insulated vessel, closed by a heat-
insulated piston, at a temperature T kelvin (the mass of water is much less than the mass of steam). The
piston was displaced, as a result, the volume of the system decreased, the steam temperature increased by
ÿT, and ÿT<<T, and part of the water evaporated. Find the ratio of the mass of evaporated water to the mass
of steam in the initial state. The specific heat of vaporization at temperature T is equal to ÿ J/kg, steam can
be considered an ideal gas with a molar heat capacity at constant volume equal to CV J/(molÿK). Ignore the
heat capacity of water. It is also known that small relative changes in temperature ÿT/T are associated with
relative changes in saturated vapor pressure ÿp/p by the relation ÿp/p = kÿT/T, where k is

positive constant. Molar mass of water ÿ kg/mol.

Task 4. (20 points). In oceanology, in the study of salt and temperature stratifications of the World Ocean,
the concept of "buoyancy frequency" is used - the frequency of oscillations of a fluid element shifted vertically
from an equilibrium position. Find the “buoyancy frequency” N of a small ball located in a liquid layer with a
density that increases linearly with depth. Layer thickness L, density difference at its boundaries ÿÿ. The ball
is in equilibrium at a depth where the fluid density is ÿ.

Task 5. (20 points). A special purpose group captured a secret laboratory, where a prototype drone was
discovered, which has the shape of a disk with a diameter d and mass m, the lower surface of which is
heated to a temperature T, and the upper surface is maintained at an ambient temperature T0 (T0<T). At
what value of T can the drone take off? Atmospheric pressure at the Earth's surface R.

Note. In tasks in which numerical values are given, you must first obtain an analytical (letter) answer;
and only then it is necessary to use the numerical data from the condition of the problem to obtain a numerical
answer.
Machine Translated by Google

Interregional Olympiad for schoolchildren on the basis of departmental

educational organizations (2022)
Physics. Grade 11

Option 2
Task 1. (20 points). The boy sledded down the mountain and drove onto a horizontal road covered with ice. Friction coefficient
between sledge runners and ice µ1. Skid length l =
1 m. Then the ice surface abruptly ended and the snowy road began. The coefficient of friction between the sledge runners and
the snow is µ2 = 0.25. At that moment, when the distance from the right end of the skids to the beginning of the joint of the
coating was l, the module of the speed of the sledge was v = 2 m/s. At whatcompletely
value of the coefficient
enter of friction
the snowy road µ1 will the sled

and stop.

Task 2. (20 points). From some planet inhabited by intelligent beings, a space ship-flying saucer was launched towards the
nearest neutron star. Some neutron stars have very strong magnetic fields, reaching 1010 - 1011 T. Such stars are called
magnetars. These are the strongest magnets in the universe. When approaching the star, the brake engines turned on, which
reduced the speed of the ship to -1

v0 = 10 kmÿs , after which the engines stopped working, and the ship began to fall into the star. What distance will the ship
fly in 2 seconds after turning off the engines if there is a strong magnetic field around the star, the induction of which near the
ship is B = 104 T, and the field lines of force are parallel to the direction of the ship's velocity vector? The distance from the ship
to the center of the star at the moment the engines are turned off is R = 106 km. Star mass M = 2.5ÿ1027 tons, = 8.85ÿ10-12
ship mass m = 1 ton, electrical constant , gravitational constant G = 6.67ÿ10ÿ11 m

ÿ 0

-1
ÿÿÿ 3 · s ÿ 2 · kg ÿ 1 . The hull of
the ship is metal. For simplicity, consider that the case has the shape of a disk with a thickness =
2 m and a radius of 10 m. Choose its orientation relative to the lines of force, as you wish, or as
shown in the figure.

Task 3. (20 points). In a thermally insulated vessel, closed by a thermally insulated piston, there are saturated water vapor and
water at a temperature of T kelvins (the mass of water is much less than the mass of steam). The piston was displaced, as a
result, the volume of the system increased, the steam temperature decreased by |ÿT|, and |ÿT|<<T, and part of the steam
condensed. Find the ratio of the mass of the condensed vapor to its mass in the initial state. The specific heat of vaporization at
temperature T is equal to ÿ J/kg, steam can be considered an ideal gas with a molar heat capacity at constant volume equal to
CV J/(molÿK). Ignore the heat capacity of water. It is also known that small relative changes in temperature ÿT/T are related to
relative changes in saturation vapor pressure ÿp/p by the relation ÿp/p = kÿT/T, where k is a positive constant. Molar mass of
water ÿ kg/mol.

Task 4. (20 points). In oceanology, in the study of salt and temperature stratifications of the World Ocean, the concept of
"buoyancy frequency" is used - the frequency of oscillations of a fluid element shifted vertically from an equilibrium position. Find
the "buoyancy frequency" N of a small ball located in the surface layer of a liquid with a density that increases linearly with
depth. The layer thickness is L, the density difference at its boundaries is ÿÿ, and the density on the liquid surface is equal to
ÿ0 . It is known that the ball is in equilibrium at a depth h.

Task 5. (20 points). A special task force captured a secret laboratory, where a prototype drone was found, which has the shape
of a disk, the lower surface of which is heated to a temperature T, and the upper surface is maintained at an ambient temperature
T0 (T0<T). Estimate the lift force per unit surface of such an aircraft near the earth's surface. Atmospheric pressure at the Earth's
surface R.
Machine Translated by Google

Interregional Olympiad for schoolchildren on the basis of departmental

educational organizations (2022)
Physics. Grade 11

Option 3
Task 1. (20 points). The boy sledded down the mountain and drove onto a horizontal road covered with ice. The
coefficient of friction between the sledge runners and the ice is µ1 = 0.05. The length of the skids l = 1 m. Then the
ice surface abruptly ended and the snowy road began. The coefficient of friction between the sledge runners and
the snow is µ2 = 0.25. At that moment, when the distance from the right end of the runners to the beginning of the
joint of the coating was l , the module of the speed of the sledge was v. Find this speed if the sled is known
enter to fully
the snowy road
and stop.

Task 2. (20 points). A gold coin is tossed vertically upwards so that the plane of the coin is vertical. Near the upper
point of the trajectory, the coin enters a magnetic field with induction B=30 T, the lines of force of which are horizontal
and parallel to the plane of the coin. Find the acceleration of the coin at the top. Assess the influence of the magnetic
field and air on it. Free fall acceleration g = 9.8155 mÿs
-2
, density of gold ÿ=19.32 gÿcm-3 , density
-1
air ÿin =1.205ÿ10ÿ3 gÿcmÿ3 electrical constant ÿ 0=8,85ÿ10-12 ÿÿÿ . The field is uniform.

Task 3. (20 points). A mixture of water vapor and water is placed in a heat-insulated vessel, closed by a heat-
insulated piston, at a temperature T kelvin (the mass of water is much less than the mass of steam). The piston was
displaced, as a result, the volume of the system decreased, the temperature of the steam increased, and part of the
water evaporated. In this case, the ratio of the mass of evaporated water to the mass of steam in the initial state is
ÿ (ÿ<<1). Find the steam temperature increment. The specific heat of vaporization at temperature T is equal to ÿ J/
kg, steam can be considered an ideal gas with a molar heat capacity at constant volume equal to CV J/(molÿK).
Ignore the heat capacity of water. It is also known that small relative changes in temperature ÿT/T are associated
with relative changes in saturation vapor pressure ÿp/p

relation ÿp/p = kÿT/T, where k is a positive constant. Molar mass of water ÿ kg/mol.

Task 4. (20 points). In oceanology, in the study of salt and temperature stratifications of the World Ocean, the
concept of "buoyancy frequency" is used - the frequency of oscillations of a fluid element shifted vertically from an
equilibrium position. It is known that the “buoyancy frequency” of a small ball located in a liquid layer with a density
that increases linearly with depth is equal to N. Layer thickness L, density difference at its boundaries ÿÿ. The ball is
in equilibrium at some depth, where the density of the liquid ÿ is equal to the density of the ball. Find the density of
the ball.

Task 5. (20 points). A special purpose group captured a secret laboratory, where a prototype drone was found,
having the shape of an ellipse of area S and mass m, the lower surface of which is heated to a temperature T, and
the upper surface is maintained at an ambient temperature T0 (T0<T). At what value of T can the drone take off?
Atmospheric pressure at the Earth's surface R.

Note. In tasks in which numerical values are given, you must first obtain an analytical (letter) answer;
and only then it is necessary to use the numerical data from the condition of the problem to obtain a numerical
answer.
Machine Translated by Google

Interregional Olympiad for schoolchildren on the basis of departmental

educational organizations (2022)
Physics. Grade 11

Option 4
Task 1. (20 points). The boy sledded down the mountain and drove onto a horizontal road
covered with ice. The coefficient of friction between the sledge runners and the ice is µ1 = 0.05.
The length ofcoefficient
the skids lof. Then the
friction ice surface
between abruptly
the sledge endedand
runners andthe
thesnow
snowyis road
µ2 = began.
0.25. AtThe
the
moment when the distance from the right end of the runners to the beginning of the pavement
joint was l , the sledge speed modulus was v = 2 m/s. Find the length of the runners so that
sled can fullythe
enter the snowy road and stop.

Task 2. (20 points). The strongest magnets created on earth create a constant magnetic field with
an induction of about 30 - 40 T (For comparison: the magnetic field at the Earth's surface is about
5ÿ10-5 T). With what acceleration will a thin aluminum plate of mass m = 15 g move if it is lifted
up in a magnetic field with a force F = 0.02 N so that the plane of the plate is vertical and parallel
to the field lines? The field is horizontal, homogeneous with induction B = 20 T. Density of
aluminiumÿ=2.71g/cm³. Electrical 0=8.85ÿ10-12 Fÿm
-1 -2
constant ÿ , free fall acceleration g = 9.8155 mÿs .

Task 3. (20 points). In a thermally insulated vessel, closed by a thermally insulated piston, there
are saturated water vapor and water at a temperature of T kelvins (the mass of water is much
less than the mass of steam). The piston was displaced, as a result, the volume of the system
increased, the temperature of the steam decreased by some amount, and part of the steam
condensed, while the ratio of the mass of the condensed steam to its mass in the initial state is ÿ
(ÿ<<1). Find how much the temperature has decreased. The specific heat of vaporization at
temperature T is equal to ÿ J/kg, steam can be considered an ideal gas with a molar heat capacity
at constant volume equal to CV J/(molÿK). Ignore the heat capacity of water. It is also known that
small relative changes in temperature ÿT/T are associated with relative changes in saturated
vapor pressure ÿp/p by the relation ÿp/p = kÿT/T, where k is
positive constant. Molar mass of water ÿ kg/mol.
Task 4. (20 points). In oceanology, in the study of salt and temperature stratifications of the World
Ocean, the concept of "buoyancy frequency" is used - the frequency of oscillations of a fluid
element shifted vertically from an equilibrium position. It is known that the “buoyancy frequency”
of a small ball located in a liquid layer with a density that increases linearly with depth is equal to
N. Layer thickness L, density difference at its boundaries ÿÿ, density on the liquid surface is ÿ0 .
Find the depth h at which the ball will be in equilibrium.

Task 5. (20 points). A special task force captured a secret laboratory, where a prototype drone
was found, which has the shape of an ellipse, the lower surface of which is heated to a
temperature T, and the upper surface is maintained at an ambient temperature T0 (T0<T).
Estimate the lift force per unit surface of such an aircraft near the earth's surface. Atmospheric
pressure at the Earth's surface R.

Note. In tasks in which numerical values are given, you must first obtain an analytical (letter) answer;
and only then it is necessary to use the numerical data from the condition of the problem to obtain a numerical
answer.