TEST CODE 02212010

FORM TP 2005179 MAY/JUNE 2005

CA RIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION

CHEMISTRY

UNIT 2 - PAPER 01

1 hour 45 minutes

Candidates are advised to use t he first 15 minutes for reading through

this paper carefully. Writing may begin during this time.

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

I. Thi s paper consists of NINE questions.

2. There are THREE questions from each Module. Answer ALL questions.

3. Write answers in this booklet.

4. ALL working must be shown in this booklet.

5. The use of non-programmable calculators is pem1 itted.

6. A D ata Booklet is prov ided.

Copyright © 2003 Caribbean Exam inations Counci l.

All rights reserved.
022120 10/CAPE/F 2005
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MODULE!

Answer ALL questions.

1. (a) Explain how the fo Llowing factors may affect the rate of a chemical reaction:

(i) Surface area

[ 2 marks]

(ii) Catalysts

[ 2 marks]

(b) The reaction between peroxodisulphate ($ 20 8 2- ) and iodide Cn ions yields the species
1 - in accordance with the foll owing equation:
3

S20 82- + 3 r- ----7 2SO4z- + I3-

Table 1 gives some experimental data from an investigation of the rate of reaction be-
tween peroxodisulphate ions and iodide ions. The rate equation can be represented as
Rate = k [ $ 0 2- ] m [ r- ] o .
2 8

TABLE 1: EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR THE REACTION BETWEEN

S2 0 t and I-

Experiment Initial concentrations (mol dm-3) Initial rate of

number [SzOt J [I-] reaction (mol dm- 3 s-1)

1 0.05 0.10 R1 = 1.5 X 10 -s

2 0.10 O.LO R2 = 3.0 x 10-s

3 0.10 0.05 R3 = 1.5 X 10 -S

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Use the data in Table 1 on page 2 to determine EACH of the followi ng:

(i) The order of reaction with respect to both S 20 82- and 1-

[ 4 marks]

(ii) The overall order of the reaction

[ 2 marks]

Tota l 10 ma rks

2 (a) State Le Chatelier 's principle.

[ 2 ma rks]

(b) Using the equation, 2 SOlg) + 0 / g) 2S03(g), explain the effect of EACH
of the following on the equilibrium system:

(i) Change in pressure

[ 2 marks]

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(ii) A catalyst

L 4 marksJ

(c) The equation for the decomposition of limestone can be represented as:
CaC0 (s) CaO (s) + C02 (g).
3

(i) Write the equilibrium constant for this system in terms of partial pressures.

[I mark]

(ii) What is the effect on the equilibr.ium system of add.ing a small quantity of solid
calcium carbonate?

[ I mark ]

TotaiiO marks

3. Gypsum (CaS04 • 2H2 0) is a common calcium m.ineral that is found worldwide. It is slightly
soluble in water, and ground water that is in contact with gypsum often contains some calcium
sulphate (CaS0 4 ).

(a) (i) Write the equation which represents the equilibrium between Ca2+(aq) and
SO/-(aq), and undissolved CaS04 .

[ 1 mark]

(ii) Explain the meaning of the term 'solubility product'.

[ 2 marks]

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(iii) State ONE physical factor which affects the value of the solubility product
constant.

[ I ma rk]

(b) In bronzing and ornamental work requiring a golden colour, lead iodide (Pbl ), which
2
can be described as a dense, golden yellow "insoluble" solid, is used.

Calculate the solubility of lead iodide in water at 25 °C, using the solubility product
constant (K ) = 7.1 x 10- 9 mol3 dm- 9 .
sp

[ 5 m ar ks]

(c) How is the solubility of a slightly soluble ionic compound affected when a second
solute that furnishes a common ion is added?

[ 1 mark]

Total tO marks

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MODULE2

Answer ALL questions.

4. The pH of the oxides of the Period 3 elements are given in Table 2.

TABLE2
Na Mg Al Si p s
Typical pH of
aqueous solution 13 8 7 7 2 3
of the oxide

(a) Account for the difference in pH of the aqueous sol utions of the oxides of Na and Mg.

[ 4 marks]
(b) Describe the trend in acid I base character of the oxides of Period 3.

[ 1 mark]
(c) (i) Explain in terms of bonding why aluminium oxide is described as an ampho-
teric oxide and NOT as a neutral oxide.

[ 3 marks]
(ii) Write ONE chemical equation to illustrate either the acidic or basic character
of aluminium oxide.

[ 2 marks]
Total 10 marks

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5. (a) A solid compound Y is analysed qualitatively by reaction of its aqueous solution with
NaOH (aq) and the results are recorded in Table 3. Complete Table 3 by inserting the
inferences that may be made, based on the observations given.

TABLE 3: RESULTS OF TESTS ON COMPOUND Y

Test Observation Inference

(i) A small quantity ofNaOH A white precipitate.

is added dropwise.

[ 1 mark]

(ii) More NaOH is added to Colourless

the mixture from (i), solution.
until there is no further
change.
[ 1 mark]

(iii) The mixture from Gas produced with

(a) (ii) is warmed. a pungent smell turns
red litmus blue.

[ 2 marks]

(b) Explain the chemical principles upon which the reactions in (a) (i) and (a) (iii) are
based.

(a) (i)

[ 2 marks]

(a) ( i i i ) - - -- - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - -- - - - -

[ 2 marks]

(c) Write the ionic equation for the reaction described in (a) (ii i).

[ 2 marks]

Total 10 marks

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6. Table 4 shows the variation in some properties of the Group IV clements.

TABLE 4: SOME PROPE RTIES OF GROUP IV ELEMENTS

Element C (d) Si Ge Sn Pb

m.p. /°C 3550 1410 937 232 328

E lectrical
conductivity
ohm- 1 m- 1 - 1 X 106 2 X 106 8 X IO(' 5 X 106

m.p. ofX02 -56 1610 1115 1630 290

X= Group IV
e lement

C(d) = diamond
(a) (i) Describe the trend in electrical conductivity from silicon to tin.

(ii) S uggest a reason for the trend described in (a) (i) above.

[ 2 marks]

(b) Account for the variation in the melting points from C to Sn in terms of structure and
bonding.

[ 4 marks]

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(c) By reference to the melting point data for the +4 oxides of elements C - Sn, suggest the
type of structure and bonding exhibited by the oxides.

[ 2 marks]

(d) Suggest an explanation for the relatively low melting point value for Pb02 compared to
the oxides of Si - Sn.

[ 2 marks]

Total 10 marks

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MODUL£ 3

Answer ALL questions.

7. Chlorine is an industrially important chemical, finding use in many manufacturing industries.

On an industri al scale, chlorine is produced using the fl o wing merc ury cathode cell. Brine ,
concentrated NaCI, is elecrrolysed and products of chlorine, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen
gas are obta ined.

(a) Fi g ure 1 illustrates the key features of the flowing merc ury cathode cell.

c
Figure 1. Features of the flowing mercury cathode cell

(i) Identify the substances collected at points A, D a nd E in the diagram.

[ 3 marks]

(ii ) Ide ntify the component of the cell labe lled B.

[ 1 mark]

( iii) What is the purpose of the pump in the cell?

[ 1 mark)
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(iv) Write an equation for the overall process occurring in the cell.

[ 2 marks]

(b) (i) Name ONE manufacturing industry for which the chlorine produced acts as a
raw material.

[ 1 mark]

(ii) a) D escribe how mercu ry is released fro m the sodium-mercury amalgam

produced during e lectrolysis.

b) Give ONE reason why careful consideration should be given to the sit-
ing of such a chlorine-producing plant.

[ 2 marks]

Total lO ma rks

8. T he H aber process for the industrial manufacture of ammonia involves processes of distillation,
compression , catalysis, condensation and recycling.

(a) Identify the steps in the production for which EACH of the follow ing processes is
relevant.

Distillation:

Compression: - - -- - - -- - - - -- - - - - -- -- - - - - -

Catalysis: - - - - -- - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Condensation: - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - -- - - -- - - -- -

Recycling: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - -
[ 5 marks]

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(b) Ammoni a is used in the production of the compound urea, NI-12-CO - NH 2 , that is used
as a fertilizer. Carbon dioxide is also a reactant in the form atio n of ure a, and water is the
o ther product.

(i) Write a balanced equatio n fo r the formation of ure a from ammonia.

[ 2 marks]

(ii) Urea is susceptible to the te mperature and moisture in the en vironment and ca n
be hydrolysed by these conditi o ns. State the products of hydrolysis of urea.

[ 1 mark]

(iii) Describe what would be detected on a plot of land to wllich urea has been ap-
plied during moist, warm weathe r.

[ 2 marks]

Total 10 marks

9. Educatio nal institutions di scard large masses of paper every academic year. It would be en vi-
ronmentall y useful if the administra tio ns of schools, colleges and uni versities wo uld imple ment
prog rams to recyc le the pape r. Stude nts of chemi stry de partme nt s could dev ise c he mical means
of obtaining the g.lucosc molec ules fro m the cellul ose fibres a nd then use the mo no mers to
manufacture othe r products.

(a) (i) S uggest a c he mical treatment for cellul ose that would release the glucose mo no-
mers. State the reagents and conditio ns.

[ 2 marks]

(ii ) Gi ve ON E possible produc t tha t could be made from the monomers of the cellu-
lose fibres.

[ 1 mark ]

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(iii) Sugg est ONE OTH ER strategy for waste paper manageme
nt that would be use-
ful for an academic institution.

[ 1 m ark]
(b) Recycling is also used as a strategy in the management of
plastic solid waste. Polyethy-
lene terephthalate, PET, is commonly recycled. One proce
ss invol ves heatin g the plas-
tic under reduced pressure until the polym er is broken down
into the monomers.
(i) Sugg est a reaso n for the use of low pressures in the recyc
ling process men-
tioned.

[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Sugg est ONE use for the monomers obtained from the plasti
c.

[ 1 mark ]
(iii) Describe the advantages of recycling plastic over other
methods of mana ge-
ment including incin eratio n and biode gradation.

[ 4mar ks]

Tota llO mark s

END OF TEST

0221 2010 /CAP E/F 2005