4th form 2012 PAPER 2

Section B
Answer either 1 OR 2
1. Below is a diagram of the apparatus used in the electrolysis of aqueous sodium nitrate
solution using inert electrodes.

a) i) Copy the diagram above and label

- the cathode
- the anode
- the electrolyte
[3 marks]

ii) State the ions present in the electrolyte AND the product(s) produced at EACH electrode.
[4 marks]

iii) Write the equations (with state symbols) for the reactions at EACH electrode.
[2 marks]

iv) The diagram above can also be used to electrolyse molten lead(II) bromide. Heat was
continuously provided to keep the salt in molten form. When the heat was removed, the lamp
went out. Explain fully why this would occur.
[3 marks]

b) Copy and complete the table in relation to substances being electrolysed using inert electrodes.
[8 marks]

Electrolyte Product(s) at graphite Product(s) at graphite

cathode anode
Dilute potassium sulphate solution
Dilute H2SO4 water and oxygen gas
Concentrated NaCl solution hydrogen gas
Concentrated sodium hydroxide
solution
TOTAL 20 MARKS
2

(2a) Define Ionic bonding. [2 marks]

(2b) Define Covalent bonding. [2 marks]

(2c) State the type of bonding found in the following and illustrate that bonding using
Dot cross diagrams.

CO2 H2O MgF2 NaCl

[8 marks]

(2d) State and account for the forces connecting the particles found in:
(i) NaCl
(ii) H2O [6 marks]

(2e) Using the diagrams below explain the bonding found in the ammonium ion.
[2 marks]

Hydrogen ion

Ammonia

TOTAL 20 MARKS
 Answer Either 3 OR 4
3. The Group VII elements, the Halogens, are a Group of diatomic, highly reactive non-metals.
(a) What does the term diatomic mean? [1]

(b) The Halogens are simple molecular, what does this information tell you about the type and
strength of the bonds between their molecules? [1]

(c) Fluorine 9 19F Chlorine 35 17Cl and Bromine 35 80Br are examples of elements of Group VII
Use the information above to
(i) draw diagrams to represent the atoms of fluorine and chlorine only and then
use the information and your diagrams to explain the trend in:
(ii) atomic radius
(iii) reactivity
(iv) physical state at room temperature
(v) melting point
of the elements of Group VII including Iodine. [12 ]

(d) Given aqueous samples of chlorine, bromine and iodine and the solutions of their respective
sodium salts sodium chloride, sodium bromide and sodium iodide, describe how you could
illustrate the relative oxidizing power/or reactivity of these elements and the expected results of
your experiment. [3]

(e) Chlorine and/or its sodium salt sodium chlorate (I) are used in water purification.
What property of these substances makes them suitable for water purification? [1]

(f) When iron is heated and a stream of chlorine passed over it iron (III) chloride is formed as the only
product.
Write a balanced equation for the reaction between chlorine and iron. [2]

TOTAL 20 MARKS

4.a) The following questions are related to a portion of the periodic table shown below. Use
ONLY the letters representing elements given in the table. DO NOT INCLUDE OTHER
ELEMENTS OR GIVE THEIR ACTUAL SYMBOLS. YOU WILL BE PENALISED IF
YOU DO SO.

1 2
3 4 G 5 6 K 7 8 9 L 10 Q
11 D 12 H 13 14 15 16 17 M 18 R
J
19 E 20 I

i) Write the symbols based on the portion of the Periodic Table above for TWO elements in
group II. [2 marks]

ii) Which of the symbols you have chosen in part i) above represents the MORE reactive
element in group II? [1 mark]
iii) Based on the atomic number of the element chosen, give the electronic configuration of an
atom of the element. [1 mark]

iv) Using concepts such as atomic radius and ionisation energy, explain why the element
chosen in b i) above would be the more reactive element of the two you have chosen from part i)
in group II. [3 marks]

v) What is constant about all the elements in group II? [1 mark]

b) What is the name given for elements in group II? [1 mark]

c) i) Strontium (Sr), which is not represented in the diagram above, is an element in group II.
Give the balanced equation (with state symbols) for the reaction of strontium with
- water [2 marks]
- oxygen [2 marks]

ii) There are two more elements below Strontium in group II. The last element is radioactive
and very few chemical reactions are conducted with this element. However based on the trends
of reactivity, reactions of this element can be deduced. Suggest an appropriate description of
the reaction of this last element in group II, with dilute acid. [2 marks]

d) In a demonstration conducted by a teacher 5 g of magnesium metal was burnt in excess

oxygen gas in the presence of a flame to produce a brilliant white light and a white solid called
magnesium oxide. The balanced equation for the reactions is given below
2Mg(s) + O2 (g)  2MgO (s)
Note relative atomic masses:- Mg = 24, O = 16 1 mole of any gas occupies 24 dm3 at rtp

i) Calculate the number of moles of magnesium present in the 5 g of magnesium. [1 mark]

ii) State the molar or stoichiometric ratio of magnesium to magnesium oxide from the balanced
equation and therefore calculate the number of moles of magnesium oxide produced from 5 g of
magnesium metal. [1 mark]

iii) Calculate the mass of magnesium oxide produced. [2 marks]

iv) If 20 dm3 of oxygen gas was used, calculate the number of moles of oxygen present at rtp.
[1 mark]
TOTAL 20 MARKS
 Either 5 OR 6

5. (a)Depending on their structures and properties, solids may be classified as having metallic, giant
covalent, simple molecular or giant ionic lattice structures. The structure and conductivity of
selected solids are summarized in table 1.

Copy and complete table 1 to show the structure and conductivity of EACH solid substance listed.
The first one is done as an example.
TABLE 1: Structure and conductivity of selected solids
Solid Structure Conducts electricity in solid state
Magnesium chloride Giant Ionic No
Iodine
Zinc
Diamond

(6 marks)
(a) Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.

(i) What is meant by the term ‘allotropes’? (1 mark)

(ii) Draw a diagram to represent the structure of

(a) Diamond (b) graphite (6 marks)

Use the diagrams in (b) (ii) above to explain the following:

(a) Diamond can be used as drill bits (2 marks)

(b) Rubbing lead pencil on a key makes it turn easily in the lock. (The “lead” in lead pencil
contains graphite) (2marks)

(c) The melting point of chlorine and sodium chloride are -101 o C and 800 o C respectively.
Explain why the melting point of sodium chloride is much higher than that of chlorine.
(3 marks)

TOTAL 20 MARKS
6.(a) Calculate the oxidation number in each of the following underlined elements

-
(i) HNO3 (ii) CO2 (iii) SO42- (iv) NH3 (v) MnO4 (vi) K2S (vii) Cu2O [7]

(b)By considering oxidation numbers, movement of electrons, gain or loss of oxygen or any
other relevant feature state which of the following are redox reactions and then state the
oxidizing and reducing agent as required by the question. (For this item no working or other
justification is required for your choice)

(i) CuO + H2 heat H2O + Cu

(ii) 3CuO + 2NH3 3Cu + 3H2O + N2
(iii) NaOH + HCl NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
(iv) CaCO3 heat CaO + CO2
(v) Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 [9]

(c ) What is the colour change exhibited by each of the following oxidizing or reducing agents
commonly found in the laboratory.
(i) Potassium manganate (VII)
(ii) Potassium dichromate(VI)
(iii)Potassium iodide
(iv)Aqueous iodine solution [4]

TOTAL 20 MARKS