INTRODUCTION

Computer-aided engineering (CAE) is the broad usage of computer software to aid in

engineering analysis tasks. It includes Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Multibody dynamics (MBD), and optimization.
Software tools that have been developed to support these activities are considered CAE
tools. CAE tools are being used, for example, to analyze the robustness and performance
of components and assemblies. The term encompasses simulation, validation, and
optimization of products and manufacturing tools. In the future, CAE systems will be
major providers of information to help support design teams in decision making.

CAE areas covered include:

● Stress analysis on components and assemblies using FEA (Finite Element

Analysis);
● Thermal and fluid flow analysis Computational fluid dynamics (CFD);
● Multibody dynamics (MBD) & Kinematics;
● Analysis tools for process simulation for operations such as casting, molding, and
die press forming.
● Optimization of the product or process.
● Safety analysis of postulate loss-of-coolant accident in nuclear reactor using
realistic thermal-hydraulics code.
● This cycle is iterated, often many times, either manually or with the use of
commercial optimization software.

CAE tools are very widely used in the automotive industry. In fact, their use has enabled
the automakers to reduce product development cost and time while improving the safety,
comfort, and durability of the vehicles they produce. The predictive capability of CAE
tools has progressed to the point where much of the design verification is now done using
computer simulations rather than physical prototype testing.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Mario Kapl Marek Byrtus Bert Jüttler - Triangular bubble spline surfaces. We present a new
method for generating a Gn-surface from a triangular network of compatible surface strips. The
compatible surface strips are given by a network of polynomial curves with an associated
implicitly defined surface, which fulfill certain compatibility conditions. Our construction is
based on a new concept, called bubble patches, to represent the single surface patches. The
compatible surface strips provide a simple Gn-condition between two neighboring bubble
patches, which are used to construct surface patches, connected with Gn-continuity. For n≤2, we
describe the obtained Gn-condition in detail. It can be generalized to any n≥3. The construction
of a single surface patch is based on Gordon–Coons interpolation for triangles.

Yu-Shen Liu Karthik Ramani Robust -principal axes determination for point-based shapes using least
median of squares. A robust technique for determining the principal axes of a 3D shape
represented by a point set, possibly with noise, is presented. We use techniques from robust
statistics to guide the classical principal component analysis (PCA) computation. Our algorithm
is based on a robust statistics method: least median of squares (LMS), for outlier detection.
Using this method, an outlier-free major region of the shape is extracted, which ignores the effect
on other minor regions regarded as the outliers of the shape.In order to effectively approximate
the LMS optimization, the forward search technique is utilized.

Guanglei Xiong Gilwoo Choi Charles Taylor - Virtual Interventions for Image-based Blood
Flow Computation Image-based blood flow computation provides great promise for evaluation
of vascular devices and assessment of surgical procedures. Moreover, in contrast to
retrospective studies from existing data, there is a pressing need for prospective analysis with
the goal of surgical planning. Therefore, it is necessary to construct models with deployed
devices in a fast, virtual and interactive fashion. The goal of this paper is to develop new
geometric methods to deploy stents or stent grafts virtually to patient-specific geometric models
constructed from a 3D segmentation of medical images.
PROBLEM FORMULATION
The main purpose of CAE is to test, predict and improve the robustness, performance,
energy efficiency, and durability of components and assemblies, in the end creating better
products and reducing the number of required physical prototypes and the time to market.
Fluid flow, mass and thermal transport, fluid-solid interaction, static or dynamic analysis,
stress analysis on components and assemblies, conjugate heat transfer, conduction,
convection, radiation and more can be tested for a wide range of designs, using CAE
software. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) can be used in almost any industry that
designs a product exposed to different environments. Industries using computer-aided
engineering include but are not limited to automotive, aerospace, plant engineering,
electronics, energy, consumer goods, and HVAC. The products range from extremely
small parts to big and complex structures such as race cars, bridges or even power plants.
Testing the structural integrity of a crane carrying a specific load to a rooftop, assessing
the acoustic design of a concert hall or the convective flow inside a light bulb; all these
are examples of applications where simulation can make a huge difference.

METHODOLOGY
Computer-Aided Engineering Overview

Is the broad usage of computer software to aid in engineering analysis tasks. Engineering
software programs includes finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics
(CFD), multibody dynamics (MDB), and optimization.

Engineering software programs that have been developed to support these activities are
considered CAE tools. CAE tools are being used, for example, to analyze the robustness
and performance of components and assemblies. The term encompasses simulation,
validation, and optimization of products and manufacturing tools. In the future, CAE
systems will be major providers of information to help support design teams in decision
making.
 Computer-Aided Engineering Nodal Network

In regard to information networks, CAE systems are individually considered a single

node on a total information network and each node may interact with another node on the
network. These nodes play a part in the finite element method which utilizes the existing
model geometry to construct a nodal network through the entire model which then is used
to determine how the model will perform, based on parameter input that the actual part
would experience, in the real-world. The following parameters are typically used in
mechanical engineering for CAE simulations:

1. Temperature

2. Pressure

3. Component Interactions
4. Applied Forces

Most of the parameters used for simulation are based on the environment and interactions

that the model would experience during operation. These are inputted into the CAE

software as a way to see if the part could theoretically handle the design constraints.
CAE systems can provide support to businesses. This is achieved by the use of reference
architectures and their ability to place information views on the business process.
Reference architecture is the basis from information model, especially product and
manufacturing models.

CAE areas covered included:

1. Stress Analysis on Component Assembly using FEA

2. Thermal and Fluid Flow Analysis using CFD

3. Multibody Dynamics (MBD) and Kinematics

4. Analysis Tools for Process Simulation for Manufacturing Processes

5. Optimization of process documentation

6. Optimization of product developing

7. Smart nonconformity verification

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Computer-aided engineering (CAE) is the broad usage of computer software to aid in
engineering analysis tasks. It includes finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid
dynamics (CFD), multibody dynamics (MBD), durability and optimization. It is included
with computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) in the
collective abbreviation "CAx".Computer aided engineering primarily uses Computer
Aided Design (CAD) software, which are sometimes called CAE tools. CAE tools are
being used, for example, to analyse the robustness and performance of components and
assemblies. The term encompasses simulation, validation, and optimisation of products
and manufacturing tools. In the future, CAE systems will be major providers of
information to help support design teams in decision making. Computer-aided
engineering is used in many fields such as automotive, aviation, space, and shipbuilding
industries.[1]

CONCLUSION
In regard to information networks, CAE systems are individually considered a single
node on a total information network and each node may interact with other nodes on the
network.
CAE systems can provide support to businesses. This is achieved by the use of reference
architectures and their ability to place information views on the business process.
Reference architecture is the basis from which information model, especially product and
manufacturing models.
The term CAE has also been used by some in the past to describe the use of computer
technology within engineering in a broader sense than just engineering analysis. It was in
this context that the term was coined by Jason Lemon, founder of SDRC in the late
1970s. This definition is however better known today by the terms CAx and PLM.[2]