Ministry of Higher Education

and Scientific Research

Karbala University
College of Engineering
Petroleum Engineering Department

FLUID SAMPLING

Reservoir lab.
Third stage / morning study

By the students :

 sajjad kareem hashim

 karar shaker yousef
Supervised by : Tahseen Al-Taie
lecturer's name: Hawraa adil

March 15, 2022

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Objective
Oil and gas samples are taken to evaluate the properties of produced
fluids at reservoir conditions, in the production tubing, and in pipeline
transportation. The key PVT (pressure-volume-temperature)
properties to be determined for a reservoir fluid include
• Original reservoir composition(s)

• Saturation pressure at reservoir temperature

• Oil and gas densities

• Oil and gas viscosities

• Gas solubility in reservoir oil

• Liquid (NGL/condensate) content of reservoir gas

• Shrinkage (volume) factors of oil and gas from reservoir to surface conditions

• Equilibrium phase compositions

Standard experimental procedures are used for measuring these

properties, including expansion and depletion studies, and
multistage separator tests.

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Introduction
Samples of the reservoir fluid are usually collected at an early stage
in the well’s producing life and dispatched to a laboratory for the
PVT analysis. The objectives of sampling are to receive samples
from a suitable place in the production wells or surface facilities.
The samples should represent the system in the reservoir under its
initial conditions in order to determine its type, volumetric and
phase behavior, and its composition. PVT analysis results are
needed for geological and reservoir engineering evaluation and
forecasting, as well as for laboratory studies concerning enhanced
oil recovery (EOR). Several sampling methods can be used to collect
reservoir fluids, including
 RFT Sampling
 Bottomhole sampling
 Separator sampling
 Wellhead sampling

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 Theory
Downhole sampling of fluids, also referred to as bottomhole
sampling, is a key component of most hydrocarbon fluid sampling
programs. The procedures outlined here apply to reservoir fluids or
production streams above ambient pressure,and they are highly
specific to the petroleum industry. The American Petroleum
Institute publishes a detailed recommended practice which is the
most complete industry standard covering the sampling of
pressurized hydrocarbon fluids. It should be consulted for
additional information to that presented here.

Factors Affecting Technique Choice

 Type of analysis to be conducted
 Volume required for analysis
 Quality of results required
 Type of fluid to be sampled
 Degrees of depletion
 Surface facilities & well completion
 Environmental Concerns

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What Type of Samples Do We Collect?
Bottomhole Samples
•Always first choice where reservoir and well conditions permit

•Uncontaminated fresh reservoir fluid collected close to the perforations

•Samples maintained above reservoir pressure

Wellhead Samples

 Possible when conditions allow:

Psat < WHP at WHT

 Collected Upstream of the choke manifold

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 Discussion
‫مناقشة الطالب كرار شاكر يوسف‬
Q1 / What is preferred at the time of sampling and at
how much is the sampling rate? And what's the reason
For clear and accurate comparison, samples should be
taken simultaneously, and sample containers should be
filled at a constant rate of about 1 L / min. The 20 liter
gas flasks are initially evacuated
Q2 / How many types of interval samples?
Standard sampling
Isokinetic sampling
Take samples from the small laboratory.
Q3 / What is the method based on taking samples of
separating gas twice?
First, an oil-free gas is sampled by taking samples in the
same direction as the gas flow Second, a separator gas
containing separator oil is sampled (relay) by sampling
against the gas flow direction at a properly controlled
sampling (rate isodynamic).

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Q 4/What are the problems that must be taken into
account when conducting the experiment?
sampling program must ensure that appropriate
procedures are used to ensure that samples are taken
under the best conditions. Pressure and temperature
errors can influence measurements and their
interpretation,but it is especially errors in gas/oil ratio
(GOR) that can have a major influence on a PVT study.
Even basic data, such as sampling date and time, if not
recorded or erroneous, can reduce the value of samples,
even to the point of making measurements meaningless

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 ‫مناقشة الطالب سجاد كريم هاشم‬
Q1/Why Do We Sample?
Fluid property data is needed to:
 Help describe the reservoir
 Predict reservoir fluid behavior
 Assist in development planning
 Assess the environmental impact
 Evaluate economic potential

Q2/What Type of Sample Do We Need ?

A reservoir fluid sample that is representative of zone of interest

or as close as possible.

Q3/When Do We Need to Sample ?

•As early in the life of the reservoir as possible
•Before depletion below saturation pressure has occurred

Q4/Why Do We Need to Sample ?

 For oil – gas breaks out
 For gas – liquid drops out
 The GOR and compositions are not
representative of the true reservoir fluid

Q5/ Where Should We Sample From ?

Downhole, as close to the formation as possible,
wherever reservoir and well conditions permit

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References
1. American Petroleum Institute (API). 1998. Recommended
Practices for Core Analysis, Recommended Practice 40, Second
Edition. API, Dallas, TX.
2. Coussy, O., 2010, Mechanics and Physics of Porous Solids,
John Wiley and Sons Inc. pp 132-135.
3. Gathogo, P.N., Diagenetic Transformations of Tight Shales.
2011. Monograph of the First Shale Science Conference
“Evolution of the Mental Picture of Tight Shales, 28-29 March,
Warsaw, Poland.
4. Handwerger, D.A., Suarez-Rivera, R., Vaughn, K.I., and Keller,
J.F., 2011. Improved Petrophysical Core Measurements on Tight
Shale Reservoirs Using Retort and Crushed Samples, SPE Paper
147456 presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and
Exhibition, 30 October – 2 November, Denver, CO, USA.
5. Jury, W.A., Gardner, W.R., Gardner, W.H., 1991. Soil Physics,
5th Ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc. pp 61-64.
6. Luffel, D.L., and Guidry, F.K., 1989. Reservoir Rock Properties
of Devonian Shale from Core and Log Analysis. Paper 8910
presented at Society of Core Analysts Conference.
7. Luffel, D.L., and Guidry, F.K., 1992. New Core Analysis
Methods for Measuring Reservoir Rock Properties of Devonian
Shale. J. Petroleum Tech. pp. 1184-90.
8. Nguyen-Huynh, D., Hemptinne, J.C., Lugo, R., Passarello, J.P.,
Tobaly, P., Modeling Liquid-Liquid and Liquid-Vapor Equilibria
of Binary Systems Containing Water with an Alkane, an Aromatic
Hydrocarbon, an Alcohol or a Gas (Methane, Ethane, CO2 or
H2S), Using Group Contribution Polar Perturbed-Chain Statistical
Associating Fluid Theory, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2011, 50, 7467–
748
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