Draft Report

क�द्र�यभू�म जल बो
जल संसाधन, नद� �वकास और गंगा संर�ण मंत्रा
भारत सरकार
Central Ground Water Board
Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga
Rejuvenation
Government of India

Report on

AQUIFER MAPS AND GROUND WATER

MANAGEMENT PLAN
Kavthe Mahankal and Miraj Talukas, Sangli District,
Maharashtra
(Part-II)

मध्ा �ेत, नागपरु

Central Region, Nagpur
 भारत सरकार
Government of India
जल संसाधन, नद� �वकास एवं गंगा संर�ण मंत्रा
Ministry of Water Resources, River Development &
Ganga Rejuvenation
केन्द् भू�म जल बोडर
CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD

जलभृत नक्शे तथा भूजल �बंधन योजन पर संिक्ष� �रपो

Brief Report on Aquifer Maps and
Ground Water Management Plan

KAVTHE MAHANKAL
AND
MIRAJ TALUKA
SANGLI DISTRICT
MAHARASHTRA

कवठे महांकाळ
एवं
�मरज तालुका
सांगल� िजल्ह
महाराष्

1
 PART-II

BRIEF REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPS AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT

PLANS, FOR KAVATHE MAHANKAL AND MIRAJ TALUKAS, SANGLI DISTRICT,
MAHARASHTRA

CONTRIBUTORS
Principal Authors
A. B. Kavade : Sr. Hydrogeologist / Scientist-D
J. R. Verma : Scientist-D

Supervision & Guidance

D. Subba Rao : Regional Director
Dr. P.K. Jain : Supdtg. Hydrogeologist
Sourabh Gupta : Sr. Hydrogeologist

Hydrogeology, GIS maps and

Management Plan
J. R. Verma : Scientist-D

Hydrogeological Data Acquisition

and groundwater Exploration
Caterine Louis : Scientist-B
J. R. Verma : Scientist-D

Chemical Analysis
Dr. Devsharan Verma : Scientist B (Chemist)
Dr. Rajni Kant Sharma : Scientist B (Chemist)
T. Dinesh Kumar : Assistant Chemist
 PART-II

BRIEF REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPS AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT

PLANS, FOR KAVATHE MAHANKAL AND MIRAJ TALUKAS, SANGLI DISTRICT,
MAHARASHTRA

CONTENTS

1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 2

2 SALIENT FEATURES ............................................................................................................................. 3
3 AQUIFER DISPOSITION ....................................................................................................................... 5
4 GROUND WATER RESOURCE, EXTRACTION, CONTAMINATION AND OTHER ISSUES ........................7
5 GROUND WATER RESOURCE ENHANCEMENT AND PROPOSED MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS ...9
5.1 Probable Benefits .............................................................................................................. ...10
5.2 Regulatory Measures ........................................................................................................... 11
6 SUM UP ............................................................................................................................................ 13
 BRIEF REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPS AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT
PLANS, FOR KAVATHE MAHANKAL AND MIRAJ TALUKAS, SANGLI DISTRICT,
MAHARASHTRA
1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION

In XII five-year plan (2012-17), National Aquifer Mapping (NAQUIM) has been
introduced to carry out detailed hydrogeological investigation on toposheet scale (1:50,000).
Keeping in view the current demand vis-à-vis supply and futuristic requirement of water,
Central Ground Water Board has taken up NAQUIM in Over-exploited, Critical and Semi-Critical
talukas and prioritised stress areas. Hence, water stress area i.e., Miraj & Kavathe Mahankal
Talukas of Sanghli district has been taken up to carry out detailed hydrogeological investigation
covering an area of 1703.59 sq.km in the year 2016-17. The index map of the study area is
presented below- Fig 1.1.

Fig 1.1 Index map of the Study area

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 2 SALIENT FEATURES
PARTICULARS Kavathe Mahankal Miraj
District Sanghli Sanghli
State Maharashtra Maharashtra
Area (sq.km.) 745.53 954.06
Population (2011)
Rural/Urban 152327/0 325954/528627
Total 152327 854581
Rainfall (mm)
I. Normal Annual Rainfall 520.35 mm 584.8 mm
II. Current Rainfall (2015) 445.2 (-14 % deficient) 508.8(-13 % deficient)
III. Rainfall Trend (mm/yr) -0.9.43 (1998 to 2015) 10.59 (1998 to 2015)

Agriculture (sq.km.)
i. Principal Crops
Jawari 227.6 298.78
Bajra 91.0 82.6
Wheat 26.73 38.1
Sugarcane 15.0 138.0
GramHarbhata 21.65 53.08
Cotton 2.59 2.31
Tur 10.0 11.92
Graps 2.15 9.1

ii. Cultivable Area 581.02 806.35

iii. Net Sown Area 514.22 727.37
iv. Forest 9.24 10.79
Irrigation Sources (sq.km.)
i. Ground water 64.27 180.26
ii. Surface Water 23.96 71.2
Data Utilised
i. Key Observation Wells 37 26
ii. GW exploration 10EW+ 3 OW 7 EW
iii. VES 0 0
iv. GWQ sampling locations- AQI 33 33
AQII 8 10

Existing / Future Water Demands (MCM)

Domestic & Industrial 4.59/ 6.24 (2025) 2.61/ 4.16 (2025)

Irrigation 85.18 / 6.94 113.32 / 14.36

Water Level Behaviour
Aquifer I
Pre-monsoon WL (m bgl) 3 to 11.9 1 to 14.3
Post-monsoon WL (m bgl) 1.45 to 10.45 0.4 to 7.4
Pre-monsoon WL Trend –Rise (m/yr) 0.01to 0.18 0.06 to 0.15
Pre-monsoon WL Trend-Fall(m/yr) -0.003 to -0.59 -0.05 to-0.45
Post-monsoon WL Trend –Rise(m/yr) 0.04to 0.1 0.04 to 0.1
Post-monsoon WL Trend –Fall(m/yr) -0.07 to -0.3 -0.07to -0.52
Aquifer II
Pre-monsoon WL (Aq-II) m bgl 9.2 to 53.2 21 to 50
Post-monsoon WL (Aq-II) m bgl 5.3 to 25 12 to 31
Fig 2.1 Water level of Aquifer I and Aquifer II
 3 AQUIFER DISPOSITION
2-D and 3-D Aquifer Aquifer: Basalt; Aquifer I - Weathered/Fractured Basalt: Depth range- 8 to
Disposition 32 m and thickness of 6 to 16 m.
Aquifer II - Jointed/Fractured Basalt: Depth range - 20 to 152 m, Thickness
– 0.5 to 12 m

Fig 3.1 3-D Aquifer Disposition

 Aquifer- I, Depth of occurrence &
weathered/fractured rocks thickness Aquifer-II, Depth of occurrence &
fractured rocks thickness
3-D Aquifer Disposition

Type of Formation Depth range SWL Fracture/ Fractured/ Yield Sustai- Aquifer parameter Sy/S Suitability for
Aquifer (mbgl) (mbgl) weathered Zones weathered (m3/day) nability (Transmissivity – drinking/
encountered rocks m2/day) irrigation
(m bgl) Thickness
(m)
Aquifer-I Deccan Trap- 8 - 32 0.5-14.5 Upto 32 6 to 16 10 to 100 1 to 2 10.03-62.81 0.019- Yes , suitable
Weathered/ m3/day Hours 0.028 for both
Fractured Basalt
Aquifer-II Jointed/ 20-152 9.2-53.2 20 to 152 0.5 to 12 Upto 0.5 to 3 5.85-177 1.30 x 10-4. Yes, suitable
Fractured Basalt 3 lps hours 5.31 x 10-4 for both,
except High
EC

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4 GROUND WATER RESOURCE, EXTRACTION, CONTAMINATION
AND OTHER ISSUES
Aquifer wise Ground Water Resource availability and Extraction
Ground Water Resource
(MCM)
Aquifer –I: upto 28 m
Availability
Withdrawal
Ground Water Resource
(MCM) Aquifer –II: 20 to
152 m
Availability
Withdrawal
Stage of GW Development
Present Category
Ground Water Related
Issues
Over Exploitation
Declining rainfall
Declining Water Levels
Low ground water
potential
Kavathe Mahankal Miraj
91.15 123.25
89.76 115.94
10.42 25.28
0 0
98.1% 94.07%
Critical Semi-Critical
The stage of ground water development has increased over the
period of time from 2008 to 2013 from 90.05% to 94.07% in Miraj
taluka and from 93.72% to 98.1% in Kavathe mahankal taluka The
main reason for ground water excessive draft is for irrigation
purpose. in Miraj taluka the draft has increased from 9564.01 MCM
in 2008 to 11594.05 MCM in 2013 while in Kavathe mahankal the
draft has increased from 7969.99 MCM in 2008 to 8976.44 MCM in
2013 .
In last five years ,four year rain fall are showing decline trend in the
range of 10% to 40 % from normal rainfall. Thus indicating that both
these talukas are experiencing low and declining rainfall with
frequent droughts
The pre monsoon declining water level trend (2007-2016) of more
than 0.2m/year has been observed in about 879 Sq.km. (56.6% of
area) and the post monsoon declining water level trend of more
than 0.2m/year has been observed in about 666 Sq.km. (42.85% of
area)
Low ground water potential areas have been identified in 1100
sq.km. covering northern part of Miraj Taluka and almost entire
Kavathe Mahankal taluka mostly due to restricted depth of
weathering in Aquifer-I and limited aquifer thickness of Aquifer-II
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 ISSUE: OVER-EXPLOITATION

ISSUE: DECLINE OF WATER LEVEL

Declining of water level 879 Sqkm in premonsoon and 666 ssqkm during postmonsoon period

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5 GROUND WATER RESOURCE ENHANCEMENT AND PROPOSED
MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS
Kavathe Miraj
Mahankal Total
5.1 Resource Enhancement by Supply Side Interventions
Recharge Potential 19.73 3.05 22.78
Surface water requirement @ 75% efficiency 26.31 4.07 30.37
Availability of Surplus surface runoff 12.08 1.87 13.95
Surplus runoff considered for planning 12.08 1.87 13.95
Proposed Artificial Recharge Structures
PT 48 7 55
CD 83 16 99
Volume of Water expected to be recharged @ 75%
efficiency (MCM) 9.07 1.41 10.48
Proposed RTRWH
Households to be covered 12982 10614 23595
Total RWH potential 0.37 0.27 0.64
Rainwater harvested / recharged @ 80% runoff co-efficient 0.29 0.22 0.51
Estimated Expenditure (Rs. in Cr.) 19.47 15.92 35.39
RTRWH Economically not viable & Not Recommended. Total estimated Cost of RTRWH would be-
21.64 Cr. For Harvesting 032 MCM of Rain Water.
Total volume of water expected to be recharged by AR 9.07 1.41 10.48
Total Estimated Expenditure for AR 96.9 15.3 112.2

Resource Enhancement by Supply Side Interventions

DEMAND SIDE INTERVENTIONS Kavathe Miraj
Mahankal Total
Proposed Cropping Pattern change None None
Micro irrigation techniques
Area proposed to be covered (sq.km.) 70% in 10.5 82.8 93.3
Kavathe Mahankal & 60% in Miraj of sugarcane area
Volume of Water expected to be conserved (MCM). 5.99 47.2 53.18
Sugarcane requirement - 2.45 m, Pomegranate with
Drip - 0.7 m, WUE - 1.75 m,Saving-0.57m
Estimated Expenditure 15.57 122.76 138.327
Area proposed to be covered (70.0sq.km.) 75% DC 52.5 52.5
area drip/sprinkler
Volume of Water expected to be conserved (MCM). 21.0 21.0
DC requirement - 0.90 m, Drip - 0.40 m,
Estimated Expenditure 32.43 32.43
Area proposed to be covered (5.5 sq.km.) 90% 4.95 4.95
Cotton area
Volume of Water expected to be conserved (MCM). 1.49 1.49
Onion requirement - 0.78 m, Drip - 0.52 m,
Estimated Expenditure 3.06 3.06

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 Fig 5.1 Location of artificial recharge structure
5.1 Probable Benefits
Item Kavathe Miraj
Mahankal Total
Additional GW resources available after 37.54 48.61 86.14
implementing above measures (MCM)
Volume of Water Required TO BRING STAGE OF 36.72 42.38 79.1
GWD UPTO 70%
Balance GWR available for GW Development 0.82 6.23 7.05
after STAGE OF GWD is brought to 70%

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Additional Area (sq.km.) proposed to be 1.26 9.581 10.84
brought under assured GW irrigation with av.
CWR of 0.65 m AFTER 70% STAGE OF GWD IS
ACHIEVED OR

5.2 Regulatory Measures

Baramati Purandhar

Regulatory Measures Regulation of wells below Regulation

60 m of wells below 60 m

Fig 5.2 Location of proposed drip irrigation

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Fig 5.3 Location of proposed to crop be brought under GW irrigation

Fig 5.4 Proposed Management Plan

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6 SUM UP
A thorough study was carried out based on data gap analysis, data generated in-
house; data acquired from State Govt. departments and GIS maps prepared for various
themes. All the available data was brought on GIS platform and an integrated approach was
adopted for preparation of aquifer maps and aquifer management plans of Miraj and
Kavathe Mahankal Talukas of Sanghli district
The study area is spanning over 1703.59 sq.km. Geologically the area is occupied by
Basalt and the stage of ground water development is 98.1 % in Kavthe Mahankal and
94.07% in Miraj taluka. The area has witnessed ground water depletion and over
exploitation over a period of time. In Aquifer-I, The deeper water levels of more than 10 m
bgl are observed in limited areas in the central part of the study area covering west to east
elongated patch adjacent to the water divide boundary of Agrani River and Krishna River,
while in Aquifer –II, deeper water levels of > 40 mbgl has been observed in in western parts
of Miraj taluka . The declining water level trend > 0.20 m/yr (2007 to 2016). has been
observed in about 879 Sq.km. (56.6% of area) during pre-monsoon and in 666 Sq.km.
(42.85% of area) in the post monsoon. This has been due to cultivation of water intensive
cash crop like Sugarcane (153 sq.km), which are completely dependent on ground water
irrigation.
Ground water management plan has been prepared with the objective of bringing
the current stage of ground water development down to 70% and decline of water level
may be arrested, so that the taluka comes under Safe category by adopting both, supply
side and demand side interventions.
As a part of supply side interventions, a total of 55 Percolation Tanks and 99 Check
Dam is proposed in Miraj and Kavathe Mahankal Talukas ,which will augment ground water
resources to the tune of 10.48 MCM (8.25 MCM by Percolation Tanks and 2.23 MCM by
Check Dam). The total cost of implementing these interventions will be Rs. 112.2 crore. As a
part of demand side interventions, change in irrigation techniques from surface flooding to
drip irrigation is also proposed. A total of 153 sqkm of Sugarcane crop area is proposed to
be covered under drip irrigation techniques instead of flood irrigation that will save 53.18
MCM of water resources. The total cost of implementing these interventions will be Rs
138.33 crore. Double crop of 52.5 sqkm and 4.95 Sqkm of Cotton crop areas in Kavathe
Mahankal taluka are also proposed to be covered under drip irrigation techniques instead of
flood irrigation that will save 22.49 MCM of water resources. The total cost of implementing
these interventions will be Rs 25.49 crore.
In Miraj and Kavathe Mahankal Talukas, a total of 10.48 MCM resources will be
augmented after adopting artificial recharge, whereas and 75.66 MCM will be saved after
implementing water user efficiency measures (drip irrigation). This will bring the stage of
ground water development to 70 % in Kavathe Mahankal and 67.5 % in Miraj talukas from
the present stage of 98.1 % in Kavathe Mahankal and 94 07 % in Miraj taluka and 10.84
sq.km area proposed to be brought under assured GW irrigation with av.CWR of 0.65 m.
This will probably result in arresting the decline of water levels. These interventions also
need to be supported by regulation of deeper aquifer and hence it is recommended to
regulate/ban deeper tubewells/borewells of more than 60 m depth in these talukas, so that
the deeper ground water resources are protected for future generation and also serve as
ground water sanctuary in times of distress/drought. Similarly IEC activities and capacity
building activities needs to be aggressively propagated to establish the institutional
framework for participatory groundwater management.

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