Que-1 What is meant by a pure substance?

Answer 1: A pure substance is the one that consists of a single type of particles, i.e., all
Constituent particles of the substance have the same chemical nature. Pure Substances can be classified
as elements or compounds.

Question 2: List the points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous

mixtures.
Answer 2: A homogeneous mixture is a mixture having a uniform composition throughout The mixture.
For example: salt in water, sugar in water, copper sulphate in water
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture having a non-uniform composition Throughout the mixture. For
example: sodium chloride and iron fillings, salt and Sulphur, oil and water

Que-3. How are sol, solution and suspension different from each other?
Answer : (1) Sol is a heterogeneous mixture. In this mixture, the solute particles are so small
that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. Also, they seem to be spread
uniformly throughout the mixture. The Tyndall effect is observed in this mixture.
For example: milk of magnesia, mud

(2) Solution is a homogeneous mixture. In this mixture, the solute particles dissolve
and spread uniformly throughout the mixture. The Tyndall effect is not observed
in this mixture. For example: salt in water, sugar in water, iodine in alcohol, alloy

(3) Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures. In this mixture, the solute particles are
visible to the naked eye, and remain suspended throughout the bulk of the
medium. The Tyndall effect is observed in this mixture. For example: chalk powder and water, wheat
flour and water

Que-4 Name the technique to separate

(i) butter from curd
(ii) salt from sea-water
(iii) camphor from salt.
Answer 2:
(i) Butter can be separated from curd by centrifugation.
(ii) Salt can be separated from sea-water by evaporation.
(iii) Camphor can be separated from salt by sublimation.

Que-5. Classify the following as chemical or physical changes:

• cutting of trees,
• melting of butter in a pan,
• rusting of almirah,
• boiling of water to form steam,
• passing of electric current, through water and the water breaking down into
Hydrogen and oxygen gases,
• dissolving common salt in water,
• making a fruit salad with raw fruits, and
• burning of paper and wood.
Answer 5 Cutting of trees → Physical change
Melting of butter in a pan → Physical change
Rusting of almirah → Chemical change
Boiling of water to form steam → Physical change
Passing of electric current through water, and water breaking down into
Hydrogen and oxygen gas → Chemical change
Dissolving common salt in water → Physical change
Making a fruit salad with raw fruits → Physical change
Burning of paper and wood → Chemical change

Que-6. The ‘sea-water’ can be classified as a homogeneous as well as heterogeneous mixture.

Comment.

Ans. If we consider the sea water on the surface it comprises water and salts hence it is homogenous
mixture. If we Consider the sea water from deep sea it consists of salts, water, mud, decayed plants etc
which will be Heterogeneous mixture.

Que-7. Give some examples of Tyndall effect observed in your surroundings?

Ans (1) The beam of light passing on screen in a theatre.

(2) When light passes through a dark room.

Que-8. Difference between pure substance and mixture.

Ans.

Que-9. What are mixtures, explain its type with example?

Ans : Mixture Impure matters are also called mixture. A mixture is a material which contains two or
More different kinds of particles (atoms or molecules) which do not react chemically but are Physically
mixed together in any proportion.
Mixtures are of 2 types

• Homogeneous mixtures : A mixture is said to be homogeneous if all the components of the mixture
are uniformly mixed And there are no boundaries of separation between them. For example- Salt in
water etc.

• Heterogeneous mixtures : A mixture is sad to be heterogeneous if all the components of the mixture
are not thoroughly Mixed and there are visible boundaries of separation between them. For example-
Sand in Water etc.

Q.10 List important properties of compound?

Ans : Properties of Compounds

• A compound is a homogeneous substance.

• A compound has a definite composition.

• A compound has definite melting point or boiling point.

• Energy is absorbed or evolved in the form of heat or light during the formation of a Compound.

Que-11. How is blood a heterogeneous substance?

Ans : Blood is a heterogeneous mixture because it is a mixture of plasma, blood cells, glucose,

Proteins, mineral ions, hormones and many different salts dissolved in it. Thus the dispersed

Phase and dispersed medium are in different physical state and hence blood is a

Heterogeneous mixture.

Que-12 If salt is added to water, is the mixture homogeneous or heterogeneous. Give

Reasons for your Answer?

Ans : The mixture is homogeneous because the salt particles do not form a separate layer and

The particles cannot be separated from the water by filtration. Also every portion of the

Solution is equally salty, as the solution has salt uniformly dispersed in it.

Que-13. Classify the following into elements, compounds and mixtures.

(a) sodium (b) soil (c) sugar solution (d) silver (e)calcium carbonate

(f) tin (g) silicon (h) coal (i) Air (j) soap (k) methane (l) carbon dioxide

(m) blood

Ans. Elements : sodium, silver, tin, silicon.

Compounds : calcium carbonate, methane, carbon dioxide.

Mixtures : soil, sugar solution, coal, air, soap, blood.

Que – 14 Define solution?

Ans : Solution > A solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture of two or more chemically non-
reacting substances whose composition can be varied within limits.

A solution as 2 components

• Solute The component which is dissolved or which is present in small amount is called solute. It is

also called dispersive medium.

• Solvent The component which is present in larger amount is called solvent. It is

also called dispersion medium.

Que-15. List important properties of solution?

Ans. Properties of Solutions

• A solution is a homogeneous mixture.

• Size of particles is smaller than 1 nm (10^-9 m).

• The particles cannot be seen by microscope.

• It is a stable mixture, solute does not settle down over a period of time.

• If solution is passed through filter paper, solute and solvent do not separate.

• It does not scatter light i.e. it do not show Tyndall effect.

Que -16 Write the different types of separating techniques component of a mixture.

Ans. The commonly used techniques for separating the components of mixtures are as follows:

(1) Evaporation
(2) Centrifugation
(3) Separation of immiscible liquids by a separating funnel
(4) Separation of miscible liquids by:
(5) Simple distillation
(6) Fractional distillation
(7) Sublimation
(8) Crystallization
(9) Chromatography
(10) Separation of solids using solvent and filtration

Que-17 Describe any three properties of colloid.

Ans. (i) It is a heterogenous mixture.

(ii) Size of particles is too small to be seen by naked eye.

(iii) They scatter light passing through them making its path visible.
(iv) They do not settle down when left undisturbed.

(v) They cannot be separated by the process of filtration.

Que – 18 Why is water called universal solvent?

Ans Water is called the universal solvent because it is capable of dissolving more substances than any
other liquid. Water is a polar covalent molecule in which the hydrogen atom has a positive charge,
whereas oxygen has a negative charge. When water comes in contact with any substance, it breaks the
electrostatic force holding the molecule. As a result, many substances get dissolved in water.