CONSTRUCTION OF MULTI STORIED HOUSING COMPLEX

AT FORT KOCHI, KERALA

REPORT FOR PILE INTEGRITY TESTING
ON 06 NOS. R.C. BORED PILES

MAIN CLIENT : Cochin Smart Mission Limited

CONSULTANT : KIIFB

CONTRACTOR : M/s. Kool Home Builders.

(CLIENT FOR GD) 5th Floor, The Platynum Mall & Luxury Hotel,
VI/58, NH-47 Bypass, Maradu
P.O., Kochi -682 304, Kerala, India.

TEST AGENCY : M/s. GEO DYNAMICS

‘Anand’, 49, Atmajyoti Nagar Society,
Near Atmajyoti Ashram, Ellora Park,
Baroda -390 023
Tele / Fax: +91-265-2388139, 2393205
Web Site: www.geodynamics.net

PROJECT NO. : PIT-K167-01

DATE : June 06, 2022

Note: 1) This report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS. CONTROLLED copy
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client.
Page 1 of 11
 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. TESTING EQUIPMENT

3. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

4. LIMITATIONS OF TEST SYSTEM

5. SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A : TEST REPORT

APPENDIX B : PILE INTEGRITY TEST GRAPHS

Rv/Kk

Note: 1) This report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS. CONTROLLED copy
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client.
Page 2 of 11
Project No.: PIT-K167-01 June 06, 2022

CONSTRUCTION OF MULTI STORIED HOUSING COMPLEX AT FORT KOCHI, KERALA

REPORT FOR PILE INTEGRITY TESTING ON 06 NOS. R.C. BORED PILES

1.0 INTRODUCTION

M/s. Geo Dynamics was engaged by M/s. Kool Home Builders to conduct pile integrity testing (PIT)
on r. c. bored piles installed at the above site. The aim of testing was to assess the pile integrity for
potential problems like cross-sectional changes, honeycombing, concrete quality, continuity etc.
The tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D5882.

This report presents the results of pile integrity testing using the Pile Integrity Tester, PIT, based on
the details available and the site conditions at the time of testing. The report is on the basis of pile
locations and field information provided by you.

2.0 TESTING EQUIPMENT

Integrity tests were performed using the most advanced state of art data collection system available
to estimate pile integrity by surface impact methods. In this system the PIT Collector allows for
detection of wave reflections from changes in pile impedance. The Collector can acquire, enhance,
display and plot data. The conclusion and interpretation of the results are based on the pile top
velocity against time curve.

The testing involves attachment of accelerometer on the pile top. After attachment, the impact
device (a nylon tipped hammer) generates a low strain compressive wave, which travels down the
pile. The acceleration and velocity records of the impact, along with subsequent reflections from
either pile toe and/or discontinuities are graphically displayed.

The integrity testing method separates the effect of impact and surface reflections from other
relevant reflections (i.e. pile toe or other discontinuities) by averaging records of several impacts.
This averaging technique tends to cancel random signals in any particular blow while amplifying the
effect of the relevant repetitive response.

The signal records obtained are also exponentially amplified with time. This enhances the
identification of relevant reflections in records, which have low energy due to signals being
dampened out by skin friction.

3.0 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

The interpretation of results consists of evaluation of data based on the reflections recorded during
testing as described above. Reflections are produced by variations in shape, material, soil
resistance changes, joints etc. The deepest reflector is the pile’s toe and its reflection is last
observed. All such reflections are in acceleration form and are numerically integrated to velocity
before being displayed.

Note: 1) This report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS. CONTROLLED copy
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client.
Page 3 of 11
 o.: PIT-K167-01
Project No

The integrrity of the pile thus te ested is ba ased on succh reflections and dettected chan nges in
impedancee (EA/c) along the pile length, whe en subjectedd to an impa ere E is the elastic
act blow. He
modulus of
o the pile material,
m A is cross-se ectional areaa of the pile and c is the wave speed.
Impedancee variation usually referss to cross-se
ectional chan
nge.

The typica
al data sets for good or o damaged shall generally be as shown in Figures
F 1a and
a 1b
respectivelly and are allso defined in ASTM D5882.
IMPACT
TOE RES
SPONSE D
DEFECT

Fig.1a Typ
pical Velocitty Trace - Good
G Pile Fig.1b Ty
ypical Veloc
city Trace - Damaged Pile
P
Refer to the typical trace for a defeective pile in n Figure1b; the method cannot
c identtify nature off defect
as the wavve reflects frrom a reducction in eithe er elastic moodulus or cro
oss-section. Thus wheth her the
defect is necking,
n honneycombs, voids,
v soil in emie choke etc. they are all classified as
nclusions, tre
defects. Hoowever, all the
t scenario os are not acceptable
a a hence such piles arre still classiified as
and
doubtful an
nd may need d further testting / remedial action / reeplacement / re-design based on itss actual
load carrying capacity etc. Bulbs are
a not classified as defe ects.

The curve after the toee response isi basically a second cyycle of the wave moving through the e pile. If
the energyy of impact is o for shorterr pile lengthss, it is possible that the wave movess a few
s sufficient or
times alongg the pile be
efore it dies down where eas in some e cases, it onnly completees a partial second
s
cycle. Generally the waaveform afte er the first cyycle is inconsequential foor interpreta
ation.

The lengthh is an imporrtant input in

nto the test system
s which is used to compute wa ave speed. Typical
T
range of wave
w speed for
f good and d consistent concrete is 3500m/sec
3 t 4200m/se
to ec and wavee speed
lesser than
n 3500m/sec c but upto 3200m/sec
3 i many times likely forr large jobs with lesser quality
is
control or very low peercentage re einforcement. Piles withh permanentt liners mayy have consistently
higher speeds from 38800m/sec to 4300m/sec.

Piles with a major bulb may show on from bulb and a seccondary reflection similar to a
w a reflectio
defect. Succh a seconddary reflectioon should no ot be consid
dered as a defect.
d The method
m is in
ntended
to detect major
m defectt and minor defects like e localized lo
oss of cover may not beb detected by this
method. It is sometime es difficult to
o evaluate the
t magnitud de of defectt when pile defects are at half
the pile len
ngth.

4.0 LIM
MITATIONS OF TEST SYSTEM

1. The me ethod does not evaluatte minor deffects and allso multiple defects inside the pile as the
wave generally
g or defect. Similarly, it may
refflects from the first majo m be difficcult to evalua
ate the
ond a majorr bulge and in such ca
pile inttegrity beyo he pile integrity is
ases, it is likely that th
inconcllusive.

Note: 1) This repoort or part of the sam

me shall not be reprodduced without writtenn permission from thee GEO DYNAMICS. CONTROL
LLED copy
2) The results are related to the test
t performed at location shown by cliennt.
P
Page 4 of 11
Project No.: PIT-K167-01

2. Although the test system can be used to evaluate length of piles, the determination of pile length
is approximate within a range of  5 – 10% due to variation in concrete density. This implies that
the method cannot evaluate defects that could be present in the bottom 5% -10% of the pile
shaft for long friction piles.

3. If the test results show a possible defect, the location of the same is evaluated on the basis of
an assumed wave speed of 4000m/sec. Thus some approximation in the location of defect is
likely.

4. The method does not provide information on the pile capacity. The pile capacity can be
obtained by static / high strain dynamic load tests or other equivalent methods.

5. The test method can generally evaluate for piles upto an L/D ratio of 45 to 50. However, this
also depends on the soil resistance that may attenuate the signals and thus is a general
statement.

6. The method requires a trained and experienced engineer for interpretation of the test results.

5.0 SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS

The test results for the 06 piles tested are attached in Appendix A of the report. The detailed test
graphs are attached in Appendix B of the report. Generally the following conclusions can be derived
from integrity tests conducted on the pile shafts.

1. Total 06 piles were tested at the site.

2. Wave speed for the tested piles varied generally from 3650m/sec to 3850m/sec and can be
termed as consistent concrete quality.

3. Pile No. P34, shows possible buldge around 24m, from test level respectively. Hence, it
is suggested that the findings shall be reviewed by the engineer.

4. No major defect seems evident for the other tested piles.

5. Pile integrity is classified as OK except those mentioned in para: 3 based on low strain test
records and subject to above mentioned comments.

6. This report has been prepared with generally accepted engineering practices and the
results of integrity testing as per ASTM D5882. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is
made. The findings provided in this report are based on the result of the individual pile
tested and information made available to us.
****END OF PROJECT REPORT*****

Note: 1) This report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS. CONTROLLED copy
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client.
Page 5 of 11
APPENDIX A
TEST REPORT

Page 6 of 11
 TEST REPORT

Test Report No.: TR-PIT-K167-01 ULR No.: ----

Project No.: PIT-K167-01 M/s. Kool Home Builders.

Client
5th Floor, The Platynum Mall & Luxury Hotel,
Address
Pile Tested By: Mr. Hema Rajeev VI/58, NH-47 Bypass, Maradu
and contact
P.O., Kochi -682 304, Kerala, India.
number
Report Issue Date : 06/006/2022 Mr. Anil - 8089570188

Equipment
Date of Testing : 04/06/2022 Pile Integrity Tester, PDI, USA
used :

Testing location: Fort Kochi, Kerala.

Discipline : Non-Destructive Testing

Rev
00
Group: Building Materials - Reinforced Concrete Structures

Page
Test Method : Pile Integrity Test (ASTM D5882- 16)
1 of 3

Pile Details

Type of Pile R.C. Bored

Method of Piling DMC

Liner Depth from test level

Unlined
(m)

Pile Diameter 800mm – 1000mm

Pile depths from test level 46.14m – 46.74m

Concrete Grade M30

Period of Casting 06/04/22 – 24/05/22

Soil Data Availability Available

Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS CONTROLLED copy
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Doc. No.: F/7.8/01F/Issue No.03/Issue Date: 10-12-2021/ Amend No.:00 / Amend Date: - Page 7 of 11
 Test Report No.: TR-PIT-K167-01 ULR No.: ----
Discipline : Non-Destructive Testing Rev
00
Group: Building Materials - Reinforced Concrete Structures
Page
Test Method : Pile Integrity Test ( ASTM D5882- 16) 2 of 3

Length of Wave
Sr. Toe Shaft Cross-Section and Soil Changes Pile
Pile No.* Pile from test Speed Comments
No. Response (From test level) Integrity
level (m)* (m/sec)

1. P34 Evident 46.18 3850 Fairly uniform pile shaft . Buldge / Increase in soil res. OK --

2. P44 Evident 46.66 3700 Fairly uniform pile shaft. OK --

3. P45 Evident 46.44 3650 Fairly uniform pile shaft. OK --

4. P52 Evident 46.74 3800 Fairly uniform pile shaft. OK --

5. P56 Evident 46.19 3750 Fairly uniform pile shaft. OK --

6. P59 Evident 46.14 3650 Fairly uniform pile shaft. OK --

*Information provided by Client

Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS CONTROLLED copy
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Doc. No.: F/7.8/01F/Issue No.03/Issue Date: 10-12-2021/ Amend No.:00 / Amend Date: - Page 8 of 11
 Test Report No.: TR-PIT-K167-01 ULR No.: ----
Discipline : Non-Destructive Testing Rev
00
Group: Building Materials - Reinforced Concrete Structures
Page
Test Method : Pile Integrity Test ( ASTM D5882- 16) 3 of 3

Notes:

 Wave speed may vary if length of pile is different than specified in table above.
 If there is any error in any of the details provided by the customer/ client, the same will be carried forward in the report.
 Refer Section no.4 of project report for Discussion of PIT Test results.
 Refer Section no. 3 of project report for test limitations.
 Refer Appendix B of Project report for PIT graphs.

Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS CONTROLLED copy
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Doc. No.: F/7.8/01F/Issue No.03/Issue Date: 10-12-2021/ Amend No.:00 / Amend Date: - Page 9 of 11
 APPENDIX B
PILE INTEGRITY TEST GRAPHS

Page 10 of 11
Project No.: PIT-K167-01
GEO DY NA MICS 06 - 0 6- 2022
04 - 0 6- 2022 THURUTHY TOWER
\...\04 - 0 6\04- 06- 20 22 THURUTHY TOWER.PIT PIT- W 2009 - 2
cm/s Pile: P34 - 1: # 64 800 mm
0.20
KHB
04-06-2022 11:43:04
0.10 Hi 25.0
80.0Hz
m
2W 1000.0
2.00Hz
m

0.00

x 93.00
-0.10 V 0.135 cm/s (0.140)
46.18 m (4000 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 m
cm/s Pile: P44 - 1: # 12--5% 900 mm
0.60
KHB
04-06-2022 11:39:26
0.30 Hi 59.7
31.0Hz
m
2W 864.5
2.14Hz
m

0.00

x 93.00
-0.30 V 0.241 cm/s (0.256)
46.66 m (3700 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 m
cm/s Pile: P45 - 1: # 45 800 mm
0.75
KHB
04-06-2022 11:37:09
0.38 Hi 200.0
9.1 Hz
m
2W 608.3
3.00Hz
m

0.00

x 93.00
-0.38 V 0.265 cm/s (0.281)
46.44 m (3650 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 m
cm/s Pile: P52 - 1: # 9 1000 mm
0.30
KHB
04-06-2022 12:08:01
0.15 Hi 25.0
80.0Hz
m
2W 943.4
2.12Hz
m

0.00

x 93.00
-0.15 V 0.208 cm/s (0.219)
46.74 m (4000 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 m
cm/s Pile: P56 - 1: # 32 800 mm
0.50
KHB
04-06-2022 12:03:22
0.25 Hi 60.5
31.0Hz
m
2W 937.5
2.00Hz
m

0.00

x 93.00
-0.25 V 0.318 cm/s (0.330)
46.19 m (3750 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 m
cm/s Pile: P59 - 1: # 79--3% 800 mm
0.60
KHB
04-06-2022 11:57:51
0.30 Hi 100.0
20.0 Hz
m
2W 1000.0
2.00Hz
m

0.00

x 93.00
-0.30 V 0.350 cm/s (0.371)
46.14 m (4000 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 m
Pa ge 1

****END OF PIT TEST GRAPHS****

Note: 1) This report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS CONTROLLED copy
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Page 11 of 11