Smart Irrigation

Bellandur Main Rd, Kaverappa Layout, Near, Marathahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka – 560103
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

EEE83 Project - Phase II
Project Report on
“SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IOT”

Submitted in the partial fulfilment for the award of degree in Bachelor of Engineering
In
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Submitted by
RANJITH L 1NH16EE740
ULLAS N 1NH16EE754
VELU M 1NH16EE756
VIJAY YADAV A M 1NH16EE757
Under the guidance of:

Professor JOSHUA DANIEL RAJ
2019-20
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“Jnana Sangama”, Belgaum: 590018
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Bellandur Main Rd, Kaverappa Layout, Near, Marathahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka – 560103
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Project work entitled “SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IOT” carried out by RANJITH
L(1NH16EE40), ULLAS N(1NH16EE754),VELU M (1NH16EE56), VIJAY YADAV A M(1NH16EE732), bonafied
students of New Horizon College of Engineering submitted report in the partial fulfillment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering in Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, New Horizon College of
Engineering of Vishveswaraiah Technological University, Belgaum during the Year 2019-20.
It is certified that all the corrections / suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated
in the report deposited in the department library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed for said Degree.
Name & Signature of the

Name & Signature of Head of
Project Guide Signature of Principal
the Department
Prof. JOSHUA DANIEL RAJ Dr.S.RAMKUMAR Dr.MANJUNATHA
SEMESTER END EXAMINATION
Internal Examiner External Examiner
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DECLARATION
We RANJITH L , ULLAS N , VELU M AND VIJAY YADAV A M students of New Horizon College of Engineering
hereby declare that, this project work entitled “SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IOT” is an original and
bonafied work carried out by me at New Horizon College of Engineering in partial fulfillment of Bachelor of
Engineering in Electrical and Electronics Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum.
We also declare that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, the work reported here in does not form
part of any other thesis or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier
occasion by any student.
RANJITH L 1NH16EE740
ULLAS N 1NH16EE754
VELU M 1NH16EE756
VIJAY YADAV A M 1NH16EE757
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of this project would be incomplete without
the mention of the people who made it possible, without whose constant guidance and encouragement
would have made efforts go in vain. We consider ourselves privileged to express gratitude and respect
towards all those who guided us through the completion of this project.
We are also grateful to Dr. S Ram Kumar, the Head of Department, Electrical and Electronics, for the
brainwave and encouragement given.
We also convey our gratitude to our project guide Prof. Joshua Daniel Raj of the Electrical and Electronics
Engineering Department for providing encouragement, constant support and guidance which was of great
help to complete this project successfully.
Last but not the least, we wish to thank our parents for financing our studies in this college as well as
constantly encouraging us to learn. And a mention of thanks to our friends for their cooperation and
compliance.
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SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IOT
Table of Contents
CERTIFICATE ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2
DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................................................................................................. 4
LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
1.3 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 14
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM .............................................................................................................................................................. 14
2.2 EXPLANATION OF THE BLOCK DIAGRAM ......................................................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 16
3.1 HARDWARE DESIGN ......................................................................................................................................................... 16
3.1.1 ATMEGA328 .......................................................................................................................................................... 16
3.1.2 ESP8266 ................................................................................................................................................................ 18
3.1.3 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR .............................................................................................................. 20
3.1.4 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR ....................................................................................................................................... 22
3.1.5 1 CHANNEL 5V RELAY MODULE ............................................................................................................................ 23
3.1.6 SUBMERSIBLE PUMP............................................................................................................................................. 25
3.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 28
3.3 HARWARE RESULT ........................................................................................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER 4 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 34
4.1 CODE ................................................................................................................................................................................ 34
CHAPTER 5 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 38
5.1 BENEFITS .......................................................................................................................................................................... 38
5.2 FUTURE SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................. 39
5.3 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................................... 40
5.4 REFERENCE ....................................................................................................................................................................... 41
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List of Figures
Figure 1: Layout of IOT ........................................................................................................................................................... 9

Figure 2: Proposed Block Diagram ....................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 3: Arduino ATmega328 .............................................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 4: ESP8266 Chip .......................................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 5: ESP8266 Chip diagram ........................................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 6: Flow chart for the Temperature and humidity sensor ......................................................................................... 22
Figure 7: Soil Moisture Sensor ............................................................................................................................................. 23
Figure 8: Relay module.......................................................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 9: Submersible pump cables ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 10: SIM800L GSM Module ......................................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 11: Blynk application.................................................................................................................................................. 29
Figure 12: Creating new project ........................................................................................................................................... 29
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ABSTRACT
Agriculture is the major source of income for the largest population in India and is major contributor to Indian
economy. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology where in a mobile device can be used to monitor the
function of a device. Internet of Things (IoT) is a type of network technology, which senses the information from
different sensors and makes anything to join the Internet to exchange information. This will be done employing
a higher communication device like a Wi-Fi module. The data processed by the sensors is converted to
meaningful data and relayed to the user. The user can view the data with the help of a handheld device such as
a mobile phone or a tablet. This project helps the farmers to irrigate the farmland in an efficient manner with
automated irrigation system based on soil moisture. The proposed system has been designed to overcome the
unnecessary water flow into the agricultural lands. Temperature, moisture and humidity numerical values are
always being continuously monitored by using temperature, moisture and humidity sensor and send these
values to the assigned mobile. Android application continuously collects the data from that assigned IP address.
Once the soil moisture values are exceeded the particular limit then the relay, which is connected to the Arduino
microcontroller controls the Automation of irrigation system using IoT 79 motor. The motor status indicates the
current status of the pump. Then required water is supplied to the crop.
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CHAPTER 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
IOT was at first created by Kevin Ashton in mid-2000‟s. It was created by connecting RFID data to
Internet, which was utilized for business reason. This was bolstered by Proctor and Gamble organization for
their business. The idea was basic yet incredible. On the off chance that all articles in day by day life were
furnished with identifiers and remote network, these items could speak with one another and be overseen by
PCs. IOT portrays about interfacing the physical gadgets with the sensors to the Internet, through wired or
remote systems. These sensors can utilize different sorts of neighborhood like RFID, NFC, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and
ZigBee. Sensors can likewise have wide zone availability, for example, GSM, GPRS, 3G, and LTE. The three C's of
IOT Communication: The principle of IOT is to give a corresponding among the all physical gadgets, frameworks
and etc. Every single space has to be trading of data in a single manner or the other. For instance, the medicinal
area the data about the patients, at times the basic data must be sent, with the goal that a quick move could
be made. The basic data as circulatory strain or the beat rate could be estimated with the help of sensors. If
there should arise an occurrence of transport area a vehicle can be followed, which requires the empowering
of the area of the gadget. In every one of these cases the correspondence assumes a significant job. Control
and Automation: In the associated world, the business and the client have a choice to control the gadgets, to
be straightforwardly . For instance, a customer can utilize an IoT to open their vehicle or start the clothes
washer. Likewise, IOT can be utilized to verify the development of each individuals in a specific territory. It very
well may be finished by designing a sensor which can recognize the developments and this should be done as
possible remotely i.e. consequently, by sitting in some other spot. Cost of an IOT is refreshing for computerizing
the things and this would lessen the expense of the general task. With new sensor data, IOT can enable an
organization to set aside cash by limiting gear disappointment and enabling the business to perform arranged
support. Sensors can likewise quantify the driving conduct, way of life parameters, which can be utilized to
lessen the expense of fuel use and propose for a superior living. Structure of IOT In this quickly paced of world,
that requires for security based frameworks has been expand within time. Shrewd frameworks works
consequently without human obstruction have discovered appeal.
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Such savvy frameworks can be made within the help of an IOT innovation.
Figure 1: Layout of IOT
As we realize that the rate at which electric vitality is moved by an electric circuit is called control. Power is a
significant electrical amount and all things in our present reality relies upon having the ability to keep them
running. It is necessary for a power designer to know how a lot of the measure of intensity a power plant
creates and furthermore the use by the client over some undefined time frame. It helps in calculation of
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transmission misfortunes between the age dissemination and conveyance buyer contraption. This estimatef
helps in control burglary location and thus lessens the transmission misfortunes. Estimation of electrical power
might be done to gauge electrical parameters of a framework. Contingent on the necessity of exactness, and
the idea of the circuit there is a decision for technique and instrument to be utilized in some random instance
of estimation. In the current power utility set up, customers are given use data just once every month with
their bill. The time between refresh about power used is unreasonably long for a shopper to know a changed
conduct's impact on control an utilization.
Uses of IOT:
A portion of the uses of IOT can be given as:
➢ Smart Parking Monitoring of parking spots accessibility in the city.
➢ Structural wellbeing Monitoring vibrations and material conditions in structures, spans and authentic
landmarks.
➢ Noise Urban Maps Sound observing in bar territories and driven zones progressively. Cell phone
Detection Detect iPhone and Android gadgets and when all is said in done any gadget which works with
Wi-Fi or Bluetooth interfaces.
➢ Electromagnetic Field Levels Measurement of the vitality emanated by cell stations and Wi-Fi switches.
Traffic Congestion Monitoring of vehicles and passerby levels to advance driving and strolling courses.
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1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW
All Essentially examined is done under an accompanying stages, for example, Understanding the present
methodologies, by knowing the necessities, starting up a dynamic for the framework. In this project, soil
dampness sensor, temperature and stickiness sensors kept in root zone of plant and transmitd information to
android application. Edge testing of soil dampness sensor that was a modified into a microcontroller to control
water amount. Temperature, mugginess and soil dampness esteems are shown on the android application. This
paper on "Programming Irrigation System on Sensing Soil Moisture level Content" is proposed to make a
computerized water system instrumentation which turns into the siphoning engine ON and OFF on identifying
the soddenness substance of the earth surface. In this project just like soil dampness is considered however
proposed task gave augmentation to this existed undertaking by including temperature and moistness esteems.
In this project we are sending information through SMS yet proposed framework sends the quality to use able
application.[5] This proposed project is an Arduino based remote water system framework created for the
farming manor, which is kept at the remote area and required water accommodates estate when the stickiness
of the dirt goes under the set-point esteem. Be that as it may, in this we didn't mindful about the dirt dampness
level so to conquer this non use les proposed framework included with additionally element soil dampness
worth and temperature detection which showed on the rancher versatile application [6]. "Water system
Control System Using Android for Efficient Use of Water and Power" this framework utilized GSM to controller
to the framework which may cost all the more so to beat that proposed framework utilized Arduino yun board
which as of now comprise of in fabricate Wi-Fi device[13]. "Microcontroller based Controlled Irrigation System
for Plantation" In this project old age with low memory microcontroller is utilized to control the framework
however proposed framework utilized Arduino yun board which is an easy to understand and it will put the
projects easily.[15] "A remote use of trickle water system robotization bolstered by soil dampness sensors" in
this smart water system is completed utilizing soil dampness esteems yet stretch out to this proposed
framework shows temperature and moistness values.[18] By alluding every above paper it is discovered that
no such frameworks are existed with every single incorporated component yet proposed framework
incorporates these all highlights, for example, showing temperature, stickiness and soil dampness esteems and
furthermore programmed turning on and off of engine by considering soil dampness values. In India,
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agribusiness assumes a significant job for improvement in nourishment generation. In our nation, farming are
relies upon the rainstorm which isn't adequate wellspring of water. So the water system is utilized in farming
field [1], [7]. In Irrigation framework, contingent on the dirt sort, water is given to plant [1], [2]. In ordinary
Automatic water system framework dependent on ARMs and RF module. All the framework will be
arrangement utilizing ARM and RF module [1], [2]. The most significant factor of this framework is RF module
which is utilized to send and getting the message to the controller. This framework utilized three hubs which
convey one another and inundate paddy field naturally [1]. The customary Automatic water system framework
is to modernizing horticulture innovation by programming parts and assembled the fundamental segment for
the framework. The framework is ongoing based and extricates the careful state of paddy field [5]. There is one
focal hub utilized which to control other hub [1]. The primary capacity of RF module is to pass the message to
the hub and work the framework. In [2] ARM Based Agricultural Field Monitoring System utilizing GSM is for
the most part centered around modernizing the water system innovation in agribusiness and furthermore to
give satisfactory water system specifically region [6]. The set up comprises of primarily ARM7TDMI center and
GSM. GSM works through SMS and is a connection between ARM processor and brought together unit [2].
ARM7TDMI is a propelled chip and structures the core of the framework. This task targets modernizing the
agrarian innovation by programming the parts and building the essential equipment to mechanize cultivating
[13].
This undertaking is mostly used to distinguish the careful field condition just as climate conditions continuously.
The data is given on client demand as SMS. GSM modem is controlled with the assistance of standard
arrangement of AT (Attention) directions. These directions are utilized to control greater part of the elements
of GSM modem. In the structure of a model a water system framework dependent on remote sensor organize
(WSN). The client controller gave data from the collector board (ace) that transmits the detected information
(as present parameter of the plant) through the transmitter board (slave) [3], [10]. The recipient board AT89C51
used to a PC screen by means of sequential association and framing a database for future employments. Mat
lab/Simulink and Neural Network utilized for the control framework to improve the presentation [14]. In the
model structure of microcontroller based programmed water system framework which will enable water
system to the in areas ,where watering is requirements, while by passing areas where satisfactory soil wetness
it is shown [4], [11]. In [4], [5] it was proposed for home nursery robotization framework utilizing raspberry pi,
Arduino and xbee modules. Data given by the client through mail by python programming language. Raspberry
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pi, Xbee used to control the framework remotely for short separation. The water can be trickled to the roots
through cylinders and solenoid valves. Raspberry pi fills in as a pocket PC with Linux working framework. In
ordinary technique it includes the individual to start the procedure through email by making an email account
as inundate for "X minutes". Furthermore, this message is passed to the Arduino through raspberry pi. From
Arduino the data goes to transfer. In light of the data given from the client the transfer initiates siphon to turn
on and off condition. Through solenoid valve water from the tank is passed to the underlying foundations of
the plants.
1.3 METHODOLOGY
The Methodology of this project is to provide a water delivering schedule to the crops to make sure all the crops
have enough water for his or her healthy growth, to scale back the quantity of water wasted in irrigation, and
to attenuate the economic cost for the users. The main objective of this project is to provide an automatic
irrigation system thereby saving time, money & power of the farmer. The traditional farm-land irrigation
techniques require manual intervention. With the automated technology of irrigation the human intervention
can be minimized.
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CHAPTER 2
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
ESP8266
IoT
Module
Figure 2: Proposed Block Diagram
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2.2 EXPLANATION OF THE BLOCK DIAGRAM
This Figure 2.1 is a general square chart of Arduino based ESP8266 IoT module, programmed water system
framework which comprise of three sensors which are associated with controller and detected qualities from
these sensors are send to the portable application. Figure 3.1 shows the square graph of keen water system
framework with IoT. Ranchers begin to use different observing and controlled framework so as to expand the
yield with assistance of mechanization of a rural parameter like temperature, mugginess and soil dampness are
checked and control the framework which can assist the ranchers with improving the yield. This proposed work
incorporates an implanted framework for programmed control of water system. This undertaking has remote
sensor arrange for continuous detecting of a water system framework. This framework gives uniform and
required degree of water for the Automation of water system framework utilizing IoT rural homestead and it
maintains a strategic distance from water wastage. At the point when the dampness level in the dirt reaches
underneath limit esteem then framework naturally switch ON the engine. At the point when the water level
arrives at ordinary level the engine naturally switch OFF. The detected parameters and current status of the
engine will be shown on client's android application.
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CHAPTER 3
3.1 HARDWARE DESIGN
Figure 4.1 speaks to the arrangement of the equipment model where every one of the sensors are
associated with the control unit which is an IoT module. As appeared, the ESP8266 takes data and control every
one of the sensors and capacities in it. At the point when the dirt dampness sensor is distinguished, the engine
is witched ON to siphon the water to the fields. In the event that the temperature and the stickiness sensors
are identified, the water is again siphoned to the fields. This data is exhibited in the IoT on the web. IoT makes
it simple to follow the condition and the horticulture framework by the rancher anyplace. It encourages them
in lessening the manual activity. This framework is a robotized framework which requires no manual
intercession. Point by point part list utilized for the model have been referenced beneath.
3.1.1 ATMEGA328
Arduino is an open device prototyping stage dependency on adaptable, easy to utilize equipment’s and
programming. It's planned for specialists, creators, specialists, and any one keen on making intelligent items or
situations. Arduino can detect the earth by getting contribution from an assortment of sensors and can
influence its surroundings by controlling lights, engines, and different actuators. The microcontroller on the
board is modifiedutilizing using the Arduino programming language and the Arduino advancement condition.
Arduino undertakings can remain solitary or they can communicate with programming running a PC (for
example Streak, Processing,). The Arduino Uno is the microcontroller board dependent on the ATmega328
(datasheet). It has14 advanced information/yield pins of which 6 can be utilized as PWM yields, 6 simple data
sources, a16 MHz precious stone oscillator, a USB association, a power jackr and a reset catch. It contains
everything expected to help the microcontroller; essentially interface it to a PC with a USB connection or power
it with an AC-to-DC connector.
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Figure 3: Arduino ATmega328
Power: The Arduino Uno can be fueled by the USB association or inside an outside force gracefully. The force
source is chosen via naturally itself.
Outside force can come either from an AC-to-DC connector (divider mole) or battery. The connectors are
frequently associated by stopping a 2.1mm focus positive fitting into the board's capacity jack. Leads from A
battery are frequently embedded inside the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the office connector. The board can
work an outer flexibly of 6 to twenty volts. Whenever outfitted with less than7V, be that as it may, the 5V pin
could give yet five volts and accordingly the board could likewise be flimsy. In the case of utilizing very 12V, the
transformer may overheat and harm the board. The prescribed range is 7 to 12 volts. The force pins are as per
the following:
• VIN: The information voltage to the Arduino board when it's continually utilizing an outside force source. We
can gracefully voltage through this pin, or, if providing voltage by means of the office jack, get to it through this
pin.
• 5V: This is pin yields a managed 5V from the controller on the board. The board are frequently utilized outfitted
with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12) voltage, the USB connector (5V), inside the VIN pin of the
board (7-12V). Providing voltage by means of the5V or 3.3V pins sidesteps the controller, and may harm your
board.
• 3V3: A 3.3 volt gracefully created by the on-board controller. Most extreme current draw is 50mA for circuit.
• GND: Ground pins.
Memory: The ATmega328 has 32kb call Anand. It additionally has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM
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Info and yield: Each of the 14 computerized nails to the Uno are frequently utilized as an information or yield,
utilizing pin mode, digital compose, advanced read capacities. They work at 5 volts. Each pin can give or get a
limit of 40 mA and has an inside draw up resistor (separated by default) of 20-50 KOhms. Likewise, a few pins
have specific capacities:
• Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX): Used to the get (RX) and it transmit (TX) TTL sequential information. These pins are
consistently associated with the comparing pins of the ATmega8U2USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
Outside Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins are frequently designed to trigger a hinder on an espresso esteem, a
rising or falling edge, or an adjustment in esteem.
PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Furnish 8-piece PWM yield with the simple compose work.
Driven: 13. There is a worked in LED associated with computerized pin 13. At the point when the pin is HIGH
worth, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, its off.
The Uno has 6 simple data sources, marked A0 through A5, every one of which give 10 bits of goals. As a matter
of course they measure from ground to five volts, however is it conceivable to fluctuate the upper finish of their
range utilizing the AREF pin and accordingly the simple reference work. There are couple of different pins on
the board:
• AREF: Reference voltage for the simple data sources. Utilized with simple reference.
• Reset: Bring this line LOW catch for reset the microcontroller. This is utilized to add are set catch to shields
which hinder the one on the board.in circuit.
3.1.2 ESP8266
The chip originally went to the consideration of modern creators in August 2014 with the ESP-01 module, made
by an outsider maker named Ai-Thinker. This little module enables microcontrollers to associate within a Wi-
Fi system and make basic TCP/IP associations utilizing Hayes-style directions. Be that as it may, from the outset
there was no English-language documentation on the chip and the directions it acknowledged. The low cost
and the way that there were not all many outside parts on the module, which recommended that it could in
the end be modest in volume, pulled in numerous programmers to investigate the module, chip, and the
product on it, just as to interpret the documentation. The ESP8285 is an ESP8266 with 1 MiB of implicit glimmer,
taking into account single-chip gadgets fit for interfacing with.
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Figure 4: ESP8266 Chip
Features: -
• Processor: L106 32-piece RISC microchip center dependent on the Tensilica Xtensa Diamond Standard
106Micro running at 80 MH.
• Memory: o 32 KiB guidance RAM o 32 KiB guidance store RAM o 80 KiB client information RAM o 16 KiB
ETS framework information RAM.
• External QSPI streak: up to 16 MiB is bolstered (512 KiB to 4 MiB commonly included)
• IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi o Integrated TR switch, balun, LNA, control speaker and coordinating system o WEP
or WPA/WPA2 verification, or open systems.
• 16 of GPIO pins
• SPI
• I²C of programming execution
• I²S interfaced with DMA (offering pins to GPIO)
• UART on committed pins, in addition to a transmit-no one but UART can be empowered on
GPIO2
• 10-bit ADC (progressive guess ADC)
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Pinout of ESP-01
Figure 5: ESP8266 Chip diagram
3.1.3 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR
This DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor includes an aligned computerized signal yield with the
temperature and dampness sensor capacity. It is coordinated with a superior 8-piece microcontroller. Its
innovation guarantees the high dependability and great long haul security. It has superb qualities, fast reaction,
hostile to obstructioncapacity and elite. Each DHT11 sensors includes amazingly exact adjustment of moistness
alignment chamber. The adjustment coefficients put away in the OTP program memory, inside sensors
distinguish flag all the while, we should call these alignment coefficients. The single-wiring in sequential
interfaced framework is incorporated to turn out to be brisk and simple. Small size, less power, signal
transmission separation up to 20 meters, empowering an assortment of utilizations and even the most
requestiones. The item is 4-pin single line pin bundle. Helpful association, unique bundles can be given by
clients need.
Specification
 Supply of Voltage: +5 V
 Temperature of range :0-50 °C error of ± 2 °C
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 Humidity :20-90% RH ± 5% RH error
 Interface: Digital system.
 Low cost
 3 to 5V power and I/O
 2.5mA max current use during conversion (while requesting data)
 Good for 20-80% humidity readings with 5% accuracy
 Good for 0-50°C temperature readings ±2°C accuracy No more than 1 Hz sampling rate (once
every second)
 Body size 15.5mm x 12mm x 5.5mm
4 pins with 0.1" spacing
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Figure 6: Flow chart for the Temperature and humidity sensor
3.1.4 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
Soil Moisture sensors is helpful in measuring the water contiain in the soil. Since the straight gravimetric
examining of the soil dampness requires expelling, drying, and weighing of an example, soil dampness sensors
measures the volume of water content by implication by utilizing some other property of the dirt, for example,
electrical opposition, dielectric steady, or collaboration with neutrons, as an intermediary for the dampness
content. The connection between the deliberate property and soil dampness must be aligned and may differ
contingent upon ecological factors, for example, soil type, temperature, or electric conductivity. Reflected
microwave radiation is influenced by the dirt dampness and is utilized for remote detecting in hydrology and
horticulture. Compact test instruments can be utilized by ranchers or cultivators.
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Soil dampness sensors normally allude to sensors that gauge volumetric water content.
Figure 7: Soil Moisture Sensor
3.1.5 1 CHANNEL 5V RELAY MODULE
A transfer is an electrical worked device. It has a control of all the framework and controlled framework
(likewise called yield circuit or yield contentertainer). It is much of the time utilizes in programmed control
circuit. Basically, it is a programmes change to controls a high-current circuit with a less-current sign.
The upsides of a hand-off lie in its lower idleness of the moving, dependability, long haul unwavering quality
and little volume. It is broadly received in gadgets of intensity security, mechanization innovation, sport, remote
control, surveillance and correspondence, just as in gadgets of electro mechanics and power hardware. As a
rule, a transfer contains an enlistment part which can reflect input variable like current, voltage, control,
obstruction, recurrence, temperature, weight, speed and light and so forth. It likewise contains an actuator
module (yield) which can invigorate or de-empower the association of controlled circuit. There is a delegate
part between input part and yield part that is accustomed to coupling and detach input current, just as activate
the yield. At the point when the appraised estimation of info (voltage, current and temperature and so forth.)
is over the basic worth, the controlled yield circuit of transfer will be empowered or dissimulated. A kind of
transfer that can deal with the high power required to straightforwardly control an electric engine or different
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burdens is known as a contactor. Transfers with adjusted working qualities and at times different working curls
are utilized to shield electrical circuits from over-burden or blames; in present day electric power frameworks
these capacities are performed by computerized instruments still called "defensive transfers". Attractive
locking transfers require one beat of loop capacity to move their contacts a single way, and another, diverted
heartbeat to move them back. Rehashed beats from a similar information have no impact. Attractive locking
transfers are valuable in applications where interfered with power ought not influence the circuits that the
hand-off is controlling. Attractive hooking transfers can have either single or double loops. On a solitary curl
gadget, the hand-off will work one way when power is applied with one extremity, and will reset when the
extremity is switched. On a double loop gadget, when energized voltage is applied to the reset curl the contacts
will progress. Air conditioning controlled attractive lock transfers have single curls that utilize guiding diodes to
separate among work and reset directions. It was utilized in long separation broadcast circuits, rehashing the
sign rolling in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another.
4 Channel 5V Relay Module is perfect for single chip microcontroller and family apparatus control
applications.
1 Channel 5V Relay Module has triode drive which builds transfer curl and high impedance controller pins. The
module's draw down circuit maintains a strategic distance from glitch and there are control supply and control
pointer LEDs on the board
The highlights of 1-Channel Relay module are:
• Good in security. In control framework and high voltage framework, the lower current can
control the higher one.
• 1-channel high voltage framework yield, addressing the necessities of single channel control.
• Wide scope of controllable voltage.
BE (EEE) Page 24
• Being ready to control high load current, which can arrive at 240V, 10A.
• With a typically open (NO) contact and an ordinarily shut (NC) contacts.
Figure 8: Relay module
3.1.6 SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
A submersible siphon (or sub siphon, electric submersible siphon (ESP)) is a gadget which has a hermetically
fixed engine close-coupled to the siphon body. The entire gathering is submerged in the liquid to be siphoned.
The principle bit of leeway of this kind of siphon is that it avoids siphon cavitation, an issue related with a high
height distinction among siphon and the liquid surface. Submersible siphons push liquid to the surface instead
of stream siphons pulling liquids.
Submersibles are more proficient than stream siphons.
Cables
SIM800L is a small scale cell module. Minimal effort and little impression and quad band recurrence
bolster make this module ideal answer for any undertaking that require long range network. In the
BE (EEE) Page 25
wake of associating power module boots up, looks for cell organize and login naturally. On board LED
shows association express (no system inclusion - quick flickering, signed in - slow squinting).
This module have two receiving wires included. First is made of wire (which fastens legitimately to NET pin on
PCB) - extremely valuable in restricted spots. Second - PCB receiving wire - with twofold sided tape and
appended braid link with IPX connector. This one have better execution and permits to put your module inside
a metal case - as long the reception apparatus is outside.
Figure 9: Submersible pump cables
BE (EEE) Page 26
Figure 10: SIM800L GSM Module
BE (EEE) Page 27
3.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS
BLYNK APPLICATION :
Paval Baiborodin is a founder of Blynk application. The main aim of this application is to help businesses and
innovators to build their own connected products and provide faster along with it an easier services to their
clients. Around five lakhs of people use Blynk application, the most user-friendly IOT platform. Blynk app is not
only user-friendly, but also flexible for people who wants to different innovations in IOT platform.
Internet of Things is made to look simple for businesses by Blynk application. The developer’s applications that
includes data, people and various other things combines with cloud platform through Blynk. It’s a hardware-
agnostic Internet Of Things platform which includes mobile applications for both IOS as well as android, private
clouds, a process of data analytics will also takes place, device managements and machine learning.
Architecture of Blynk:
Application for IOS and android
Blynk server
Hardware libraries
Application for IOS and android:
It allows the developer to build his/her application depending on the needs using the various widgets available
on Blynk application. Widgets are predefined sets of drag and droppable modules and further configuration on
these are allowed.
(Widget box picture)
How to create Blynk account:
BE (EEE) Page 28
Figure 11: Blynk application
After installing Blynk application go to CREATE NEW ACCOUNT which will direct to the other page with requires
sign in through email.
How to create new project:
Figure 12: Creating new project
BE (EEE) Page 29
Once account is being created a develop can start building an applications by choosing the hardware device
that is being used and the connection type. The creation of new project will be done once the user gets an
Authentication token to his/her email mentioned while creating this account.
List of microcontrollers that can be used to couple with Blynk :
Arduino: Arduino MRK1000, Arduino UNO, Arduino MRKZero, Arduino Yun, Arduino 101,Arduino Zero, Arduino
MO, Arduino MO Pro, Arduino MO Pro mini, Arduino Nano, Arduino due, Arduino Leonardo, Arduino Mega
2560, Arduino Mega 1280, Arduino Mega ADK, Arduino Micro, Arduino Pro micro, Arduino Mini, Arduino Pro
Mini, Arduino Fio, Arduino Decimilia, Arduino Ethernet etc.
Espressif: ESP8266, ESP32, NodeMCU, WeMos D1, Adafruit HUZZAH, SparkFun Blynk Board, SparkFun ESP8266
Thing.
Raspberry Pi: Raspberry Pi 2/A/A+/B+, Raspberry Pi 3B, Raspberry Pi A/B (Rev2), Raspberry Pi B (Rev1).
Particles: Particle core, particle photon, particle electron.
Connection Type: To establish a connection between the microcontroller board with the Blynk Cloud and Blynk
personal server.
Ethernet
Wi-Fi
Bluetooth
Cellular
Serial
However, in our project we used Wi-Fi connectivity type to establish connection between the microcontroller
board with Blynk Cloud and Bylnk personal server.
Few Blynk ecosystems that cover electronic components, manufacturing of it and its data plans are
Intel IoT Alliance
SparkFun Electronics
Espressif
Adruino
Texas instruments
BE (EEE) Page 30
Holograms
Particle
Wicked device
ThingSpeak.com
Codebender
TinyCircuits
RedBearLab
Blynk Server:
When the user develops an application through Blynk various messages would be forwarded between the
application and the type of microcontroller used in developing the project. This is made possible by an open-
source Netty based java server that is known as Blynk server, where Netty is a NIO client server framework that
helps in enabling quick and easy way to develop network apps. It streamlines Transmission Control Protocol and
User Datagram Protocol.
Blynk libraries:
The data exchange between the hardware component, Bylnk cloud and the user created project and all the
connection routines is ensured and handled by Blynk libraries. This ensures the connectivity between the user
developed application and the hardware component.
BE (EEE) Page 31
3.3 HARWARE RESULT
The microcontroller Arduino is associated with temperature sensor, soil dampness sensor, stickiness sensor,
hand-off and engine. These sensors sense the different parameter of the dirt; engine is utilized to give water
to the land. What's more, hand-off is utilized control the engine.
The fundamental working guideline behind this framework is in interfacing the dirt dampness sensor, which
was recently inserted into the plant, to the Arduino microcontroller (ESP8266), which is likewise associated
with other electronic parts.
Estimation of soil dampness is finished by the sensor which advances the data and parameters with respect to
the dirt dampness to the microcontroller, which controls the siphon. In the event that the degree of soil
dampness dips under a specific worth, the microcontroller sends the sign to the transfer module which at that
point runs a siphon and certain measure of water is conveyed to the plant.
When the enough water is conveyed, the siphon quits doing its work. Power supply has an undertaking to
control the total framework and the prescribed voltage should regard the information supply go for the
microcontroller, that is, from 7V to 12V. Hand-off module is a straightforward circuit comprising of a solitary
transistor, a few resistors, diodes and a transfer and it is controlled carefully by microcontroller. Since the total
framework ought to be implanted in a little box,
ESP8266 is an ideal microcontroller for this reason in light of its measurements and its work execution. Soil
dampness module is comprising of the two sections: speaker circuit and tests. The limit is set by potentiometer.
Simple yield gives the constant data in regards to the dampness in the plant and this yield is utilized in the
framework.
Water siphon is associated with the hand-off module and it possibly works when the transfer module gets an
order from the microcontroller.
The circuit contains an ESP8266board, a dirt dampness sensor, LCD show an engine, a 12V water siphon and an
engine driver IC to run the water siphon.
BE (EEE) Page 32
You can control the ESP8266 utilizing a 7V to 12V divider mole or module connector or sun based board. A.
Shrewd Irrigation System in real life A programmed plant watering framework utilizing Arduino microcontroller
UNO R3 is customized with the end goal that it gives the intrude on sign to the engine through the engine driver
module.
Soil sensor is associated with the advanced pin to the ESP8266 board which detects the dampness content
present in the dirt. At whatever point the dirt dampness content qualities goes down, the sensor detects the
mugginess change, offering sign to the microcontroller with the goal that the siphon (engine) can be actuated.
This idea can be utilized for programmed plant watering framework. The circuit contains an ESP8266 board, a
dirt dampness sensor, a 5V engine siphon, run the water siphon.
You can control the Arduino board utilizing a 5V to 9V divider mole or module connector or sun oriented board.
You need a different 5V to 9v battery for the siphon engine.
BE (EEE) Page 33
CHAPTER 4
4.1 CODE
#include <DHT.h>
#include <SimpleTimer.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial // Comment this out to disable prints and save space
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
char auth[] = "JObUM44JRIopYUkplN3XNyT0vcw6F50B"; //Enter the Auth code which was send by Blink
DRY_SOIL = 100
// Your WiFi credentials.
char ssid[] = "ACTFIBERNET"; //Enter your WIFI Name
char pass[] = "1234567"; //Enter your WIFI Password
#define DHTPIN 2 // Digital pin 4
#define SOIL_MOIST_1_PIN A0 //Analog pin A0
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
SimpleTimer timer;
void sendSensor()
float h = dht.readHumidity();
BE (EEE) Page 34
float t = dht.readTemperature(); // or dht.readTemperature(true) for Fahrenheit
if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
return;
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, h); //V5 is for Humidity
Blynk.virtualWrite(V6, t); //V6 is for Temperature
void getsoilmoist(void)
int i=0;
int soilmoist=0;
for (i=0;i<100;i++)
soilmoist +=analogRead(SOIL_MOIST_1_PIN);
delay(20);
soilmoist = soilmoist / (i);
soilmoist = map(soilmoist, 1023, 0, 0, 1000);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V7,soilmoist);
}
BE (EEE) Page 35
void turnPumpOn()
pumpStatus = 1;
aplyCmd();
delay (TIME_PUMP_ON*1000);
pumpStatus = 0;
aplyCmd();
void turnPumpOff()
pumpStatus = 0;
void relaymode(void)
if (soilMoister < DRY_SOIL)
turnPumpOn();
else
turnPumpOff();
void setup()
BE (EEE) Page 36
Serial.begin(9600); // See the connection status in Serial Monitor
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
dht.begin();
timer.setInterval(1000L, sendSensor);
timer.setInterval(1000L, getsoilmoist);
Timer.setInterval(1000L,relay);
void loop()
Blynk.run(); // Initiates Blynk
timer.run(); // Initiates SimpleTimer
BE (EEE) Page 37
CHAPTER 5
5.1 BENEFITS
Benefits of agriculture system are:
A. INCREASE OF PRODUCTION
As every step that we follow by using this technology is very much accurate like accurate planting, watering
and harvesting then the production of the crop increases.
B. CONSERVATION OF WATER
With the use of automated and accurate details of crops and the amount of water needed also the sensors of
moisture and humidity the water is used whenever it is required. Hence the water wastage won’t be a
problem and water will be conserved.
C. LOWERED OPERATION COST
With the use of automated machines and the database containing complete information about the crops
there won’t be any human errors hence there won’t be any excess cost for the operations which reality
without accuracy errors occur and have to spend excess cost to cover it up.
D. QUALITY OF PRODUCTION
With the help of accurate results, the quality of the crop is increased because the pests, bacteria in soil, etc.
will be minimized automatically once they are detected and the quality of soil is improved which also improves
the quality of the crop.
E. IMPROVED LIVESTOCK FARMING
With the usage of sensors and robot the health and the reproduction of animals are monitored and the
necessary steps are taken automatically which improves livestock management.
F. REMOTE AND EQUIPMENT MONITORING
Hence every machine is interlinked the user can use the machines manually or pre-programmed algorithms
(automation) can also be used.
BE (EEE) Page 38
5.2 FUTURE SCOPE
This project are often made further more innovative by adding -controlling and monitoring the sprinkles,
checking the faults in the irrigation network and correcting them remotely and Watching the live working of
integrated system in field area by pc/mobile. Also the longer term plan aspects of this model are always made
into an intelligent system, where in the system predicts user actions, rainfall pattern, time to reap and much of
more features which may make the system not to depend on human operation. All the system can be also
updated to Real Time systems, such that users receive real time updates and standing of condition of the sector.
Thereby, enabling the user to require immediate action just in case of any problems. By measuring variations
within a field and adapting the strategy accordingly, farmers can greatly increase the effectiveness of pesticides
and fertilizers and use them more selectively. Future the system can be included with more number of sensors
like metal and sound sensors in order to make the agricultural field intrusion free. In future the same system
can also be developed to sense the amount of nutrients required and to supply the same in correct quantities.
A detailed study of effect of foliage surrounding plants on scattering of the wireless signals can be carried out
so as to decrease the number of extra nodes.
BE (EEE) Page 39
5.3 CONCLUSION
The utilization of horticulture organizing innovation is need of the advanced rural improvement, yet additionally
a significant image of things to come level of rural improvement; it will be the future heading of agrarian
advancement. In the wake of building the rural water system framework equipment and breaking down and
inquiring about the system chain of importance highlights, usefulness and the comparing programming design
of accuracy agribusiness water system frameworks, really applying the web of things to the profoundly viable
and safe rural creation significantly affects guaranteeing the effective utilization of water assets just as
guaranteeing the productivity and strength of the horticultural generation. With greater headway in the field
of IoT expected in the coming years, these frameworks can be increasingly productive, a lot quicker and less
costly. In the Future, this framework can be made as a savvy framework, where in the framework predicts client
activities, precipitation design, time to collect, creature interloper in the field and conveying the data through
trend setting innovation like IoMT can be actualized with the goal that rural framework can be made free of
human activity and thus quality and colossal amount yield can be acquired.
BE (EEE) Page 40
5.4 REFERENCE
[1] Anurag D, Siuli Roy and SomprakashBandyopadhyay, “Agro-Sense: Precision Agriculture using Sensor-based
Wireless Mesh Networks”, ITU-T “Innovation in NGN”, Kaleidoscope Conference, Geneva 12-13 May 2008.
[2] C. Arun, K. Lakshmi Sudha “Agricultural Management using Wireless Sensor Networks – A Survey”2nd
International Conference on Environment Science and Biotechnology IPCBEE vol.48 (2012) © (2012) IACSIT
Press, Singapore 2012.
[3] Bogena H R, Huisman J A, OberdÊrster C, etal. Evaluation of a low cost soil water content sensor for wireless
network applications [J].Journal of Hydrology, 2007.
[4] R.Hussain, J.Sehgal, A.Gangwar, M.Riyag“ Control of irrigation automatically by using wireless sensor
network” International journal of soft computing and engineering, vol.3, issue 1, march 2013.
[5] Izzatdin Abdul Aziz, MohdHilmiHasan, Mohd Jimmy Ismail, MazlinaMehat, NazleeniSamihaHaron, “Remote
Monitoring in Agricultural Greenhouse Using Wireless Sensor and Short Message Service (SMS)”, 2008.
[6] Jeonghwan Hwang, Changsun Shin, and Hyun Yoe “Study on an Agricultural Environment Monitoring Server
System using Wireless Sensor Networks”, 2010.
[7] Ning Wang, Naiqian Zhang, Maohua Wang, “Wireless sensors in agriculture and food industry—Recent
development and future perspective”, published in Automation of irrigation system using IoT 87 Computers and
Electronics in Agriculture 2006.
[8] Pepper Agro, “M-Drip Kit” Internet: www.pepperagro.i/mdripkitmanual.htmlSiuli Roy,

SomprakashBandyopadhyay, “A Test-bed on Real-time Monitoring of Agricultural Parameters using Wireless
Sensor Networks for Precision Agriculture” 2007.
BE (EEE) Page 41

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Bellandur Main Rd, Kaverappa Layout, Near, Marathahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka – 560103

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

“SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IOT”

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

VIJAY YADAV A M 1NH16EE757

Under the guidance of:

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Name & Signature of the

Prof. JOSHUA DANIEL RAJ Dr.S.RAMKUMAR Dr.MANJUNATHA

SEMESTER END EXAMINATION

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Engineering in Electrical and Electronics Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum.

occasion by any student.

VIJAY YADAV A M 1NH16EE757

Figure 1: Layout of IOT ........................................................................................................................................................... 9

Figure 1: Layout of IOT

A portion of the uses of IOT can be given as:

➢ Smart Parking Monitoring of parking spots accessibility in the city.

1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 2: Proposed Block Diagram

2.2 EXPLANATION OF THE BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 3: Arduino ATmega328

• GND: Ground pins.

Figure 4: ESP8266 Chip

• I²C of programming execution

• I²S interfaced with DMA (offering pins to GPIO)

• 10-bit ADC (progressive guess ADC)

Figure 5: ESP8266 Chip diagram

3.1.3 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR

 Temperature of range :0-50 °C error of ± 2 °C

 Humidity :20-90% RH ± 5% RH error

 Interface: Digital system.

 3 to 5V power and I/O

 2.5mA max current use during conversion (while requesting data)

 Good for 20-80% humidity readings with 5% accuracy

 Body size 15.5mm x 12mm x 5.5mm

4 pins with 0.1" spacing

Figure 6: Flow chart for the Temperature and humidity sensor

3.1.4 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

Figure 7: Soil Moisture Sensor

3.1.5 1 CHANNEL 5V RELAY MODULE

The highlights of 1-Channel Relay module are:

• Wide scope of controllable voltage.

Figure 8: Relay module

3.1.6 SUBMERSIBLE PUMP

Figure 9: Submersible pump cables

Figure 10: SIM800L GSM Module

3.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS

Application for IOS and android

Application for IOS and android:

(Widget box picture)

How to create Blynk account:

Figure 11: Blynk application

How to create new project:

Figure 12: Creating new project

List of microcontrollers that can be used to couple with Blynk :

Particles: Particle core, particle photon, particle electron.

Intel IoT Alliance

3.3 HARWARE RESULT

// Your WiFi credentials.

char ssid[] = "ACTFIBERNET"; //Enter your WIFI Name

char pass[] = "1234567"; //Enter your WIFI Password