Advancement in Mechanical Engineering and Technology

Volume 3 Issue 1

Design and Fabrication of Semi-Automatic Garbage Cleaner

Machine

Asst/Prof. A. Manivannan1,A.H. Mohamed Marwan2, R. Rabin3, N. Mohamed

Noorudeen4,
1
Assistant Professor,Department of mechanical engineering,Krishnasamy College of
Engineering and Technology, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India
234
UG scholars, Department of mechanical engineering,Krishnasamy College of Engineering
and Technology, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India

*Corresponding Author
E-Mail Id:
mohamedmarwan53@gmail.com,mohammednoorudeen0@gmail.com,rabinjos2000@gmail
.com,amanivannan57@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
To cleaning the beach properly, we are come up with new project, this project is not only
clean the garbage but also separate the garbage by density difference so it is easy to dispose
the waste in proper manner. Here the motor is plays a major role, In this motor, it consist
have high torque low power motor and conveyor belt with strainer is connect with its motor
chain This motor is responsible full driving mechanism, when the motor rotate it take the
wastage from the sand and it transferred to the storage bucket. Thus the waste from the
bucket is shifted to the recycling process hence pollution can be minimised and also beach
should cleaned.

Keyword: conveyor belt;strainer, recycle, chain

INTRODUCTION mechanism and conveyor with strainer is

In this era of world, beach is the best
attractive tourism place so attract the
tourist, Beach cleaning is play a major role
for this purpose we should need some
machine to clean the beach properly. On
this way, our project plays a vital role in
cleaning process and very helpful to
segregation of waste material. In this 21th
century people were moving toward
digitalization and automation so most of
the peoples were attracted through this
type of “smart work”. This machine
consist of motor, It drives a whole
connect with motor chain so when motor
rotate the conveyor is also rotate hence the
waste from the beach is taken away
through strainer and it was transferred to
the wastage container. In our final year
project we are planned to implement the
waste recycling machine so it may be
useful to make such thing by recycled
material, we are hopefully that our project
is should be eco friendly, Pollution free
and it might be very helpful for labour who
are all involved in cleaning work.

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 Advancement in Mechanical Engineering and Technology
Fig. 1: Front View.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
This machine is placed in beach, So that
floating wastage on beach sand can be
taken through strainer and transferred to
storage container. When motor is started it
drive the shaft it connect through the belt
and then the sprocket in the shaft is also
rotate so that chain is moving around the
sprocket while moving it takes the dust
from sand by strainer and it transfer to
storage tank. Finally wastages is
segregated by density difference, In future
the waste material is shifted to recycling
machine for recycling process, it helps to
keep plastics out of the oceans and reduce
the amount of plastic in circulation.
Fig. 2: Pulley Belt Mechanism.
TYPES OF BEACH CLEANING
 Manual method
 Automatic method
 Raking technology
 Shifting technology Combined
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Volume 3 Issue 1
raking and shifting technology
Ranking Method
This machine is used in dry and wet sand,
it has “n” number of strainer on the
conveyor, this method removes waste from
smaller size like pebbles, shards of glass,
and cigarette butts to larger debris, like
seaweed and driftwood. It only remove the
debris on the sand and it travel at high
speed
Shifting Technology
This method is mostly used in dry sand
and soft surface, it collect sand and waste
through the pick-up blade onto the
vibration screening belt of the vehicle,
sand is leaved at behind of the vehicle and
waste is gathered at collecting tray then it
shifted to the back side of the vehicle, size
of the waste is was predicted by the size of
hole in installed screen.
Combined Ranking and Shifting
Technology
It is the combination of both ranking and
shifting technology both are same as
Normal method, It have has rotating tines
to carry sand and waste onto the screening
belt, Instead of using pick up blade, By
adjusting the position of tines to more
effectively guide waste material
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 Advancement in Mechanical Engineering and Technology
Volume 3 Issue 1

METHODOLOGY

DESIGN CALCULATION below formula,

Motor Specification α =360/z,
Voltage 230 V where, z=16 (no.of.teeth)
=360/16 α=22.5°
Rated speed 1440 rpm Dia of roller, dr=(5/8)*(p),(pitch=1.5cm)
Controlled speed 700 rpm =(5/8)*1.5
dr=0. 937 cm
Velocity of chain, v=Z*p*N/60
Current 2 Amp =(16*0.0156*700)/60
Phase 1 v= 2.9 m/s lp=2(a/p)+((z1+z2)/2)+((z2-
Frequency 50 Hz z1)/2π)2
Power 187 w =52
Length of chain,L= lp*p l p –No of link,
Torque of motor is calculated by using p-chain pitch
below formula, Length of chain = 52*3
P=2πNT/60 187=(2*π*700*T)/60 T=2.55 =156 cm
N-m, A =e+ 2-8M /4) *p
=(36+ (362))/4 *1.5
Chain Calculation =67.1 cm,
The below formula`s were referred from Belt Calculation
‘DTS’ book Nominal pitch length of the B
2
Pitch angle of chain is calculated by using elt,L={2C+(π/2)(D+d)+{((D-d) /4C)}}

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 Advancement in Mechanical Engineering and Technology
Volume 3 Issue 1

=(2*42.5)+(π/2)((606-6)2/(4*42.5)) L=85 ACT

2
cm, =A+ -B)
By referring data book pg no:7.53
Ks=1(rolling mill) Calculation of total load on the driving
By referring data book pg:7.68 kα=180°- side of the chain(pt),
{(D-d)/C}*60 {total load on driving side}={tangential
=180-((6.6-6)/42.5)*60 B=0.045 cm CACT=32.59 cm2
=180-0.84 kα=179.16 Design power=(rated power*load
kd=0.7(it differ according to pulley dia) correction factor)/(arc of contact
Design power=(187*1)/(179.16*0.7) factor*small pulley factor)
=1.49W force due to power
transmission}+{centrifugal tension due to
Sprocket aped of the chain}+{tension due to chain
Pitch circle dia,D=P/(Sin(180/z) ) sagging}
D=1.5/(Sin(180/16)) PT= Pt +PC+PS
D=7.68 cm To find tangential force(Pt),
Roller seating Pt=1020N/v,
N=Transmitted power in KW=9.5kw
radius,ri(max)=0.505dr+0.0693 V=Velocity of chain in m/s,
Pt=1020*9.5/(2.8)
=(0.505*0.937)+(0.0693 =3460.71N
=0.54 cm 1) Centrifugal tension(Pc)=mv2.
Ri(min)=0.505dr M=mass of chain/metre=1.01 kgf
=0.473 Pc=(1.01)*(2.9)2
Outer dia,D0 =D+0.8dr =8.4941N
= 8.43 cm
Root dia,Df =D-2ri Tension due to sagging(ps),
=7.68-(2*0.54) Ps=k.w.a,
Root dia = 6.6cm K=2 (for more than 40°) (ref psg databook
Roller seating angle,αmax =[120°-90°/z] pg no:7.78)
=[120°-90°/16] W=m.g=1.01*9.81=9.9081N
= 114.37° a=0.671m Ps=2*9.9081*0.671 Ps=13.29N
α min=[140°-90°/z]
=[140°-90°/16] Total load(PT)=Pt+Pc+Ps
=134.4° PT=3460.71+8.4941+13.29
Tooth height above pitch polygon, h a =3482.49N
=0.625p-0.5dr+0.8p/z
=0.625*(1.5)-(0.5*0.937)+(0.8*1.5 /16) COMPONENTS
=0.544cm Sprocket and Chain
Tooth side relief,ba=0.15p Sprocket and chains are used to transfer
= 0.15*1.5 power from one end to other end, here we
=0.225cm have linked conveyor with chain so it carry
Actual centre distance,C A=L/4-π[(D+d)/8] waste from sand and shifted to the beside
A=16.3 cm2 of the vehicle (storage tank)
B=(D-d)2/8

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 Advancement in Mechanical Engineering and Technology
Volume 3 Issue 1

Fig. 3: Sprocket and Chain.

Shaft attop of the frame and bottom, there are

Shaft is made up of mild steel and it is four type of shaft,1)Transmission Shaft,
solid circular rod here which is used to 2)Counter Shaft, 3)Line Shaft, 4)Over
transfer power from motor to chain and Head Shaft.
sprocket .There are two shaft are used

Fig. 4: Shaft.

Pulley Fig. 5: V-Pulley.

Pulley is used transmit power from motor
to the shaft by means of using pulley
through belt, here we preferred v-Belt
pulley for the purpose of transfer high
power and minimize the loss occurs during
power transfer and also slippage can be
reduced.
Plummer Block
used plummer block as the support of the
Plummer block is used to support of the
shaft and it provide smooth rotation of
shaft, this plummer block are made up cast
iron and cast steels also available. Here we
shaft, there four plummer blocks are used.
Self-aligning ball bearing plummer block
is used for this machine.

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 Advancement in Mechanical Engineering and Technology
Fig. 6: Plummer Block.
PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEW
CONCLUSION
This machine helps us to clean the beach
and save the ocean lives from pollution, it
does not need more number of labours.
There is no direct contact with wastage so
that It secured the human health from
hazards things .This system helpful to
make green world with this kind of easy
way, It is low in cost and production
materials are available at local shops so
fabrication process are very simplified,
Working times is low when compared with
conventional method.
REFERENCE
1. Smith D., Pearson H. Farm machinery
and equipment. Tata McGraw-Hill,
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Volume 3 Issue 1
India. 1955, 519p.
2. Hunt D. Farm Power and Machinery
Management. Laboratory Manual
and Workbook, 7th Ed., Iowa State
University: AMES IOWA. 2002.
3. Joseph C.K. Dibble sticks Donkeys
and Diesels. International Rice
Research Institute, Philippines. 1990.
4. Suravej K. RNAM Test Codes&
Procedures for Farm Machinery.
Technical Series No 12 Economic and
Social Commission for Asia and the
Pacific Regional Network for
Agriculture. 2005. Farm machinery
and crop production management. Co
opthai printing, Bangkok.
5. Donald K. US Patent number
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 Advancement in Mechanical Engineering and Technology
Volume 3 Issue 1

4241792: Ground sweeper. 1979. 1976. Available Source:

Available Source: http://www.google.com/pat
6. http://www.google.com/patents/US ents/USPAT405 0518. December
4241792. December 2012. 2012\.
7. Prakobkarn K., Saitthiti B., 9. American Society of Agricultural
Intaravichai S. Design and Engineers, Standards. Agricultural
Construction of Beach Cleaning Machinery Management. 2000.
Trailer by Finite Element Method. Int 10. Daryl L.L. A first course in the Finite
Trans J Eng Manag Sci Tech. Element Method. Third Edition
2012.3(2). Available Source: Brooks/Cole, United States of
http://www.TuEngr.com/V03/111- America. 2002
123.pdf, February 2012.
8. Richard G. US Patent number
4050518: A beach cleaning apparatus.

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