Mathematics Notes Quarter 3

Mathematical System

Undefined Terms – In geometry we come across with terms which cannot be pricely defined. In modern
mathematics we do accept cenratin undefined terms by description. { Point, Line Plane}

Defined Terms- unlike undefined terms (which do not have a formal definition) these therms have a
formal definition. They are used to define more terms. { Collinear Points, Coplanar Points, Non collinear
and noncoplanar points & Subset of Line}

Axioms/ Postulates – a statement which is accepted as true without proof. These statements can be
used as reasons in proving some mathematical statements. {Axioms & Postulates}

Theorems- A theorem is a statement that can be proven. Once a theorem I proven. It can also be used as
a reason in proving other statements. (Theromes}

Formula

Line -> Line Segment -> Two points determine a line -> The shortest segment from a point not on a line
to the line is the perpendicular statement.

Undefined Terms

Point

 A position in space. It has only location but no dimension, length, width, thickness and does not
occupy an area.
 A point is named using a CAPITAL LETTER and it can be modeled by a dot.
 All other geometric figures are made up of a collection of points.

Example Objects: seasame seed, corner of a box, tip of a pen

Line

 A straight, continues arrangements of infinitely many points, arrowheads define infinity. It’s
length is infinite, It extends infinitely in two directions. It has no thickness.
 It is named by a single lower case scrip letter or by any two point on like ( two CAPITAL LETTERS)
 Two points determine a line.

Example: Objects: edge of a table, rope, pencil

Plane

 a flat surface that extends infinetly along its length, width it’s like an “ifinite sheets of paper”. It
has length and width but no thickness.
 It is named by a single sript CAPITAL LETER
 Atleast three noncollinear

Example Object: board, carpet and notepad

Defined Terms

Collinear Points & Non Collinear Points

Collinear Points- that on the same line

Non Collinear, lines that do not lie on the same line

Coplaner Points- points that line in the same plane

Non Coplanar- points that doesn’t lie in the same place.

Subsets of a line

3 subsets of line

Line Segment – is a part of a line consisting two endpoints and all points in between

- The line segmenst call be called, AB OR BA. Line Is with end points, but line segments haven’t
had points.

Ray- with one endpoint, and extending in only one direction

- A ray is named with its endpoint first, followed by another point of the ray. Dili pwede mag AB.
Copy the figure., read as “RAY AB”

Opposite Rays- are rays with a common endpoint ut extending in opposite direction.

Common Endpoint B

Opposite rays: BA AND BC B is between point A and C

Parallel- same direction

Axioms / Postulates

Postulates 1: A line contains atleast two points

Postulate 2: A plane contains at least three non-collinear points

Postulates 3: Through any two points, there is exactly one line. ( Two points determine a line)

Postulates 4: Through any three non-collinear points, there is exactly one plane. ( Through point A, B
and C, there is exactly one plane, plane D)

Postulates 5: If two points lie in the plane, then the line joining them lies in that plane. (AB lies in PlaneC

Postulates 6: If two plates intersect, then their intersects is a line (Plane C and D intersect at AB, the
intersection is a line)

Theorems
Theorems 1: If two lines intersect, then they intersect in exactly one point ( AC intersect BD at point E.
point E is the point of intersection.)

Theorems 2: If a point lies outside a line, then exactly one plane contains both the line and the point

Plane C contains AB and point D

Theorems 3: If two lines intersect, then exactly one plane contains both lines.

The intersection of line A and B contains in plane C