4 Over All Internship Experiance

Final internship semester report 2011
Brief history of MH engineering plc
MH engineering is an Ethiopian engineering consultancy head quartered In Addis Ababa

established in 1997. It specializes in consultancy service for contract administration, building roads
and public works with 170 employees. It is one of the leading engineering firms in the country. And
its main objective is providing multi-disciplinary consulting service to the public as well as private
firms engaged in the development of the various types of economical and social infrastructures and
buildings. The firm has the capacity to undertake such tasks feasibility and engineering management
studies, engineering services including design, supervision and contract administration of buildings,
roads and other related works.
In the UCBP MH engineering coordinates and supervises architectural and engineering

consultants for each construction site. The company is also responsible for the design of four building
types in phase one. That means in UCBP MH engineering is responsible for the master plane,
building and infrastructure network design of the university campus.GIZ (the former GTZ)
international service coordinates every steps of this process from definition of the room programs
with regard to client demands to the final design for all trades.
University Capacity Building Program(UCBP)
The University Capacity Building Program (UCBP) is a large-scale capacity development and
construction project conceived, steered and fully funded by the Ethiopian Ministry of Education and
Ministry of Capacity Building
GIZ INTERNATIONAL SERVICE
GIZ international service is non-profit German development cooperation agency is contracted

by ministry of education to design plan and manage the execution of the project and coordinate and
supervise local contractor selected to construct to universities. In accordance with stipulation in
contract and collaboration with ministry of education and capacity building, GIZ will select local
contractor and commission the construction of the universities
One fundamental element of the planning process in the UCBP is to apply and improve the cost
efficient design (CED) methodology, developed and defined in the context of Ethio-German
cooperation. The methodology is established as standards in all UCBP universities buildings. The
CED
 Saves money by reducing both construction time and material wastage

 Allows a rapid construction without compromising quality
 Streamlines established principles in construction efficiency
Here is a typical cost efficiently designed building in one of the 13 new university in UCBP
Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 1

MH engineering works with four consultants to carry out its responsibilities within UCBP these
partners are
- Fasil giorgis
- Gertta consultants
- Bet consultants
- Abba architects
In March 2008 MH engineering has received its iso 9001-2000 certificate. After 18 months of
hard work and as one of the first company in the Ethiopian construction sector. MH engineering has
been officially awarded for their success for the implementation of the quality management standard

The main products or its service
Since the main work and service of our hosting company MH engineering plc is design and
supervision, it provides so many design and supervision works such as
 Design and supervision of cost efficient house for house development agency
e.g. - condominium houses
 Design and supervision of low cost building in UCBP
e.g. - in 13 new universities
 Design and supervision of multi-purpose buildings
e.g. - multi-purpose building for athlete Seleshi Sihin and Derartu Tulu
 Design and supervision of hotels and monuments
e.g. - 3 star hotel and shopping mall at Adama for Elemo Quiltu plc
-Oromo martyrs monument and related building at Adama
 Design and supervision of offices and business complex buildings
e.g. - ministry of foreign affairs office building at A.A
-Biftu Adugna business complex at Adama
 Design and supervision of hospitals

e.g. - Yetebon hospital at butajira for mercy project
 Design and supervision of roads
e.g. – some road projects in A.A
- In u8niversities under UCBP
 Design and supervision of stadiums
e.g.- Bahir dar stadium
-Awassa modern stadium
- Nekemt multi-purpose stadium
 Design of real stats
e.g. - for sunshine real state at A.A
- For COD plc at legetafo
The main customers or end users of MH engineering plc
From the fact that MH engineering plc is a design and supervision office it gets in its hand in so many
sectors the clients widely varied from private investors to higher government offices, from single
business mans to huge contractors as well as nongovernmental organizations (NGO’S)

Its over all organization and work flow
Resident engineer
These days the technology of construction industry has been improved very much.
Consequently modern design new construction techniques and material usage is in practice. This has
greatly required the improvement of the work methodology. As a result the supervision work shall
also be improved.It is clear that the supervisor has a big role to improve the time quality and cost
controlling in the construction industry. To implement these parameters (time, cost and quality) the
experience of the supervisor shall be carefully determined by the consultant depending on the size and
complexity of the project.
The main duty of the resident engineer is SUPERVISION AND CONTROL OF THE PROJEC
This includes:-
1. Quality control
2. Quantity and cost control
3. Program(time) control- (working schedule)
Quality control
 Quality control is an essential need to ensure that the works are executed in
accordance to the specified standards
 The contract document define the requirement for the quality if the material
 Quality can be achieved through continuous inspection and checking of quality
material and workmanship. For every activity there is a check list for work permit
(inspection format). From sub structure excavation up to super structure finishing
work will be checked and inspection certificate will be issued to the contactor such
as:-
 Earth work
 Concrete work
 Masonry work etc...
Types of quality control
a) Field test(e.g. Visual inspection)
b) Laboratory testing
1. Quantity (cost) control
One of the key elements to be controlled during supervision is to ensure that the project is
completed within the budget (original contract amount) this requires checking of the following
- Contract bill of quantities

- Drawings
If there are any changes further report the matter to the head office with possible
recommendation to keep the over all cost within the budget
Price escalation
Most of the time the bill of quantity is designed or prepared for ± six months from the day of signing
the agreement. now a days due to variation construction materials cost the contractor is forced to ask
price adjustment (better price than that specified on the contract document) the authorized body for
the price adjustment receive this request and by considering deferent condition which are necessary
and appropriate for the price adjustment (e.g. current price of construction materials, current price of

transportation, etc..), he provide the new price which he assume it is enough for the current market.
This is what we call it price escalation
Here is the procedure, let say the contractor faced some variation (increase) in the costs of
construction materials then he apply his price adjustment request to the supervisor first at the site
level then if the supervisor believes that there is variation in the cost of construction materials by
checking it he transferred the request to the head office level and the price adjustment or price
escalation is done there at the head office level not at the site level.
2. Progress (time) control

The progress of the project has to be regularly controlled by comparing the actual progress against
the scheduled progress
If there are any delays analyse the cause and advise the contractor in writing to make remedial
measures where the delay is inevitable and not the fault of the contractor advise the client and head
office how to minimize the effect.
It has to be noted that recording the causes of delays is very important to settle claims amicably.
Delay from the promised schedule may be occurred due to the following reasons
Due to natural cases
There may be heavy rain or harsh environment like it may be too hot or too cold to
execute the work. At this time there may be delay
Due to client case
There may be problem in funding money for the executed items of work at this case
there may be delay
Due to contractor case
There may be miss management in the contractor office and works are not executed
in time so there may be problem in delivering the project in time
Due to shortage of construction materials in the market
This is the major case now a day in the most construction sites. That is due to
shortage of materials in the market the contractor is forced to stop the work
as u know the delay is occurred due to the above mentioned cases but time claim is not allowed for
the delay caused on the contractor side. But for the other cases the contracture has the right to ask
time claim for the delay he faced due to the cases other than his personal case.
Work pieces we have been executing
The works or the tasks that we are being executing during this four month internship program
are divided into two major parts
1 office work
2 and site work or site supervision buildings
3 site supervision of construction materials
1 office work

the office works we are being executing were new for us because we didn’t take any theoretical
courses of such things. But it is not difficult for us when we were practicing, since it is not that much
effort needing.
The things that we were executing in the office are

- general office management
- preparing take off
- a little bit quantity surveying unit price analysis
- preparing payment
- a little bit official lettering
2 site work or site supervision buildings
as we previously tried to mention that the work of the hosting company is design, consulting and
supervision and we are only participate on the supervision because most of the design aspects of the
work are decided and finished at the head office level and the only thing that is left is whether the
work is executed correctly or not or in short supervision. Even though that is the case, but we tried to
ask all the supervisors near us that means we also aware of some design aspect of a building which we
don’t know before. One thing we want to notify is that we are not lucky to see the substructure that
means all the building in the site we assigned are in the superstructure stage. From the fact that there
are five contracting companies there in our site that means Dilla UCBP site so we had also the
opportunity to work with the contractor that means by being on their side. And some of the tasks we
were being executing are:-
 Supervision:- we did some supervision of different items of superstructure works.

Those are:-
 supervision of elevation column
 supervision of intermediate and top tie beam
 supervision of suspended slab
 elements of structure stair case
 supervision of block works
 finishing work
 roofing work
3 site supervision and quality of construction materials
in this context construction materials are the constituent of every building item of work such as slabs,
beams, roofs, etc.... for the good quality of such item of work, the constituent material that means the
construction materials should be inspected and supervised for quality.
We also dome project on the production of HCB, pre-cast, louver, man hall, etc...
How we get in to the company
First of all we would like to thank our industrial linkage office for helping us get the company
easily without any bureaucracy by directly contacting to our hosting company that means MH

engineering plc by themselves. We are pretty lucky that our hosting company is located in our locality
and it helps us to save money and resources since we were living with our parents.
We did not want to west any time after we reach here in Dilla so we immediately apply to the
hosting company that means MH engineering plc Dilla UCBP site office. first they were not kind
since they did not receive any confirmation letter or oral order from the head office so the resident
engineer reject our application and advised as to inform our supervisor to do as he said. We call our
supervisor and told him as the resident engineer told us. then our supervisor inform us that he did us
we told him. When we went on the next day, the resident engineer proof that he had just received the
fax from the head office. After that moment we start the our work even though the first days are
simply a period of introduction with the stuffs it was not that much difficult for us since we know
most of them before.
Here in Dilla UCBP site there are five actively participating contracting companies such as
 Teodrose Abera G.C

 Kassu
 Faver
 Medrok foundation
 Genale
So we get the chance to work with all the above companies since all the work they were being
executing were under the consultancy and supervision of MH engineering plc.
And one thing that i want to mention is that there are more than 20 buildings under progress here in
our site with different stage of progress which helps us to see most of the items of work in a given
building work except the substructure element.

Procedures while performing our tasks
As we tried to mention previously the tasks we are being executing are being grouped in to
two major groups
1. Office work
2. Site work or site supervision
1 office work
From the fact that we didn’t take any theoretical lessons about the office works it is new for
us. But this didn’t stops us from working it we tried by our self. We got it not that much difficult.
Since it is not that much effort taking and not hard to understand.
The procedure we used while we have been executing the office work are not difficult and
sophisticated. Here in our site we were familiar with the stuffs so that we didn’t west any time to
communicate wit them. When we begin the office work they give us orientation about the work. Since
orientation is very important for every work because it create awareness about the work to the person
who oriented to execute the work. The orientation includes
I. General guidelines of office work

- Office discipline
- Office management
- Official lettering
II. Civil engineering office works
- Preparation of take off sheet
- Preparation of payment certificate
- Preparation of Quantity surveying
- Preparation of site diary and related letters
And then they told us how to execute what they oriented us before.
I. General guidelines of office work
Office discipline:- punctuality, responsibility, ethics ...
Office management:- about arrangement of your stuffs and related thing in order to make
your working environment good for work
Official lettering:- how to write official letters between different offices
II Civil engineering office works

Since we got some information at the orientation we weren’t new for the thing. They first let
us to observe the executed work and then they tell us how to execute it. After that they gave us works
to exercise it. Then finally they give us some big assignment as a project and they prove how much
we are good. One thing that we want mention here is that they let us to do what they supposed to do to
build our confidence and now by this chance we would like mansion how mach than full we are. By
this procedure we execute most of the civil engineering office work such as
Take off sheet:-it is a chart used to determine the quantity of the particular item executed. It
Needs a personal skill of describing the item of work for one, to understand easily.
The chart consists of four rows with timing, quantity, result and description
respectively.
Below is a typical take off sheet
Payment certificate: - it is the certificate in which the body who executed the quantity of the
Work on the take off sheet gets paid. It includes all the taxes and related
things.

Here is a typical certificate below
Quantity surveying:- this is the prediction of the materials required for a particular item of
Work
E.g. the quantities of the materials required for executing a single m 2 of slab
of known thickness are: -
x3 of sand
Y3 of aggregate
z3 (n bag) of cement)...etc
Site diary and related letters:-is a paper containing the daily life story of the site or the
project. It includes executed works, used materials, challenges etc...
2 Site work or supervision

Since there are different contractors in the site, our hosting company assigned us at different
building with different contractors so we had the chance to supervise more than one building with
different stage of progress. So we can say that we were lucky. And We would like to describe the site
supervision work what we are being executing plus how to execute them by classifying them in
terms of the items of work executed such as:-
 Methodology and supervision of elevation column

 Methodology and supervision of intermediate and top tie beam
 Methodology and supervision of suspended slab
 Methodology and supervision of elements of structure stair
case
 Methodology and supervision of block works
 Methodology and supervision of finishing work
 Methodology and supervision of roofing work
Elements of structure: elevation column
Since it is a concrete structural element the necessary inspection for quality of the concrete
and the way it is being executed.
Methodology
 The reinforcement with the correct height, size and arrangement as per the design
are assembled.
 Then the formwork fixed in position around the assembled column reinforcement
with specified clear cover as per the design
 After that it will be filled with concrete ( in simple word it is casted)
Supervision
A. before casting
B. during casting
C. after casting
A. before casting
 stirrup spacing should be cheeked it depends on the design (but in our case 5cm
from the floor and every 15cm up to the overlap end after that at every 20cm)
 reinforcement diameter and overlap length(40 times diameter of the
reinforcement ) should be cheeked
 the quality of formwork (cleanliness, smoothens and treatment with release agent
for the surface of formwork )
 conformity of the formwork with the approved formwork design

 grout tightness and sufficiency of rigidity to prevent disturbance due to pressure

of concrete, effect of vibrator and other load
 provision of spacer with the required dimension
 provision of opening for maintaining pouring height of concrete without
segregation
 the vertical and the horizontal alignment of the columns should be checked by
any method approved by the engineer (here in our case with ligna and tumbi )
 column height should be checked
 column spacing should be cheeked
 stock balance should be checked (that means the quality and quantity of the
materials required to execute the required concrete volume )
Here I Would like to show you a typical elevation column before it is casted and
after the formwork is prepared
B. during casting
 cheek the availability of enough man power and machineries
 the appropriate use of vibrator
 cheek the mix ratio(1:2:3) and the mix itself
 Way of the execution of the work (way of mixing, way of placing, distance the
concrete travel from the mixing station to the casting station etc... )
C. after casting
 cheek the time frame for the removal of formwork (16 hr)
 proper curing (7days)
 cheek if there is segregation
Element of structure: intermediate beam
Methodology
 check the proceeding work acceptance

 Then prepare the reinforcement as per the design (length, type, diameter, and cut,
bent...)
 prepare the formwork and assemble them around the beam with the required clear
cover by providing spacer of the right thickness
 place the prepared reinforcement on their position as per the design

 then it is ready to be casted after u check the alignment and it is ok
Supervision
- Before casting
- During casting
- After casting
Before casting
 conformity of the formwork with approved formwork design

 cleanliness, smoothness and treatment with release agent for the surface of formwork
 conformity with the approved formwork design i.e. dimension, shape, strength,
method of fixing, rigidity, bracing detail and method of removing the formwork
 reinforcement diameter, number and overlap length(40 times diameter of the
reinforcement) should be cheeked
 position of overlap of reinforcement as per the design
 stirrup spacing should be cheeked
 check provision of spacer(type, shape, dimension, spacing and method of fixing it to
maintain the required concrete cover)
 check stock balance(volume of the required material for the required concrete volume
)
 man power
 equipment
During casting
D. cheek the availability of enough man power and machineries

E. the appropriate use of vibrator
F. cheek the mix ratio(1:2:3) and the mix itself
G. Way of the execution of the work (way of mixing, way of placing, distance the concrete
travel...)
After casting
 cheek the time frame for the removal of formwork(16 hr)

 proper curing (7days)
 cheek if there is segregation
 check if there is bulging of the beam
 maintenance and handling of executed works
For top tie beans it is the same to that of the above. But here I want to give attention for some the
inspection procedures such as
 it should be level
 it should be align and straight
 provision of connection mechanism between the beam and the roof
truss (that means provision of plates and J dolts for steel truss and
provision of stirrups at every 1.2m or at every horizontal chord )

Element of structure: suspended slab
here in our site there are two deferent types of slab: slid slab and ribbed slab( the
latest pre-cast technology). And we use solid slab only at the location where water tightness is
needed that means at bathes and toilets the rest of the building part is the new pre-cast
technology.
Methodology
 the vertical wooden supports for the beam (the labour calls it cristi) and for pre-cast
(the labours call it modini) assembled in place with sufficient spacing (0.5-1m)
 place the pre-cast in place with the spacing as per the design make sure that to
consider the cambering effect for the pre-cast slab that means 2cm up the central
support of the pre-cast (about the production of pre-cast beam see appendix 2)
 Put the HCB between the pre-casts. Since the main purpose of ribbed slab is to
save economy by reducing the amount of concrete consumption. So the HCB at the
edges should be blinded to prevent the concrete from entering to the HCB halls
 put the reinforcement (meshes and the main beam reinforcement as per the design)
 Execute the necessary works such as sanitary, electric, etc... works
 then we can cast the slab with thickness as per the design
Here is a typical ribbed slab with the latest precast technology
Supervision:
A. before casting
B. during casting
C. after casting
Before casting
 submittal of form work design
 conformity with approved formwork design i.e dimension, shape, strength, method
of fixing, rigidity, bracing detail, detail for false work, method of removing the form
of detail at joints (slab thickness waist)

 submittals of shop drawing showing diameter, spacing, number, lengths, method of

tying and bending dimension of main reinforcement bar in accordance with the
drawing
 cleanliness of all reinforcement bars(free from dirt, paint, oil, rust and other foreign
substance)
 reinforcement over lap location and length to be as shown in the drawing
 attention for position of the reinforcement in cantilever section (presence of bar fixer
during placing of concrete for correction and positioning of reinforcement during
placing of concrete )
 approval of toilet seat fixer so that the exact position for the outlet can be identified
 provision of PVC pipes on the outlet position of the toilet seats to avoid further
chiselling
 Proper provision and fixing of electrical conduits and sanitary pipes. approve the
work permit above before placing concrete
 type of material to be used for form work
 method used to treat the formwork to prevent adherence of concrete(coating with oil
or any other release agent)
 cheek whether or not the effect of cambering is considered
 Check the entire sanitary, electrical etc... works that are executed in that particular
slab
During casting
H. cheek the availability of enough man power and machineries

I. the appropriate use of vibrator
J. Cheek the mix ratio (1:2:3) and the mix itself (way of mixing, way of placing ....)
K. Way of the execution of the work (way of mixing, way of placing, distance the concrete
travel...)
After casting
 -cheek the time frame for the removal of formwork (after 28 days for bottom supports
and after 16hr for side supports)
 -proper curing (7days)
 -cheek if there is segregation
 Check the way of handling the executed works
Elements of structure: stair case
Here in this site (dial USBP), there are two types of stair cases
- Stair case from steel

- Stair case from RC
STAIR CASES FROM STEEL
Methodology

The steels with full accessories of the stair cases are fixed or welded by the skilled
workman as per the drawing
Supervision
 Qualification of the manufacturers/onsite production
 Location of the items/actual position checking
 Checking of the physical appearance with deliveries
 Characteristics of material
 Section of steel angle frame/ curbing
 Type of weld thickness selected type of paint /appropriateness /antirust
 Size of section
 Projection over the level of the open mesh
 Type of weld and connection details
 Foundation of stand/ embedment depth footing
 Vertical clearance between successive treads
STAIR CASE FROM RC
Methodology
The workman fix the riser and trade formwork as per the
design(drawing)that means the dimension of the trade and riser
Supervision
Since the RC stair case is one of the main structural element which need a great
follow up so we need to take care of its supervision and as before the supervision is divided
in to three as:-
- Supervision before the concrete is casted

- Supervision during concrete casting
- Supervision after concrete casting
Supervision before concrete casting
 Pattern of contract trade /landing /riser including their dimension

 The reinforcement(size, length, arrangement, length and position of
arrangement )
 Provision of spacer
 The stock balance(the quantity and quality of the materials required
to execute the required volume of concrete)
Supervision during casting
 The same to other structural elements

 The way they execute the work and closely follow up where they
have to stop the work if they needed to stop the work before
completing the work
Super vision after casting
 The same to other concrete structural elements
Block work

Methodology
 Concrete blocks shall be obtained from an approved supplier or may be manufactured on site.
Samples and test results shall be submitted for approval by the engineer before any blocks are
delivered or used in the construction of the work
 First of all the workman adjust the thickness of the mortar by relating the area to be covered
with the number of blocks it consume. This is to avoid the use half or broken HCB
 Then by lying the block one over the other, we can execute any block works (external wall,
partition wall, elevated wall...)
 A maximum of 5 course is allowed to execute once
Some important points
A. All block work shall be solidly bedded, jointed and pointed in mortar. Where wall faces will
be plastered or rendered or pointed , the joints shall be raked out to form a key. Blocks shall
be butt jointed and laid with nominal joint of 10mm in cement mortar
B. Concrete block walls shall be carried up in uniform manner with no adjoining portion raised
more than one meter above another, the open ends being racked up and not toothed, all
perrpends and quoins shall be strictly plumb square and in line.
C. During hot or dry weather and when absorption is excessive blocks shall be wetted with
clean water before laying
D. Newly and partial erected block walls shall be protected from drying out too rapidly by the
suns heat and they shall be kept well-watered for at least three days
E. Finished walling shall be protected from damage by subsequent operation ad where exposed
surface is specified in the drawing any mortar on the surface of wall shall be cleaned out
before setting of the mortar has occurred
F. All block work walls which are not rendered are to be fair faced. if required by the engineer, a
specimen panel of fair faced block work shall be erected for approval by the engineer
Supervision
 Quality of the HCB block (about the production of HCB block see appendix-3 )
 Maximum allowable height
 Provision of stiffing column /beam
 Bondage of masonry
 Uniformity of colour, texture, size etc of the wall
 Embedment of electrical and sanitary items
 W/C ratio of mortar joint thickness

Finishing work
Provided cement, lime, aggregate, labour equipment, and tools for plaster and pointing as
required for the satisfactory installation of the works
Pavers and plasterers shall be skilled workman who are thoroughly trained and
experienced in the necessary crafts.
Raw Materials(typically used in our site)
 Aggregate:- The first step in making good mortar is obviously to see that the
aggregates are satisfactory. And so that it should be
 Clean- Clay, mud or silt present in the aggregate will produce lower
strength mortar
 Water content should be limited- The amount of water in the aggregate is
very important because it wiil affect the total amount of water in the mix
 Storage- Aggregates need careful storing. It is no good making sure they
are clean when they arrive if you let them get dirty on the site.
 Cement:- The type or types of cement to be used on the contract will normally
have been decided by the engineer or architect. It should be stored separately
from other items and protected from damp raised due to weather or ground
condition
 Water:- All water used shall be cleaned, free from earthly vegetable or organic
Material and from acid and alkaline substance in suspension or solution or in
short it should be protected from contamination
 Tiles:- it is most of the times from factories with approved quality
We would like to group the finishing work in to four groups( which are applied here in our site)
1. Plastering, pointing and screeding

2. Tiling
3. Painting
Plastering
Plastering by definition is coating which may apply by thin successive layers on a

vertical supports of masonry or concrete with a decorative and/or protection aim or to
standardize a surface need to support another coating (paint for example). And plastering
worker is a worker who works the mortar covering on walls and usually builds work where
the cement or the lime is one of the main constituent
 Plastering shall be applied after chases for service have been cut service
installed chesses made good
 Surface to plastered shall be thoroughly washed with clean water before
plastering is commenced
 Where joints exist between two surfaces of deferent material characteristics,
the engineer may direct the fitting wire mesh reinforcing the plastering or the
plaster shall be raked to a minimum of 10mm depth and the joins finished
and pointed cement mortar
 Both external and internal plastering shall require the running of rules before
commencing the first coat and all plastering shall be plumped
 Dumping out to make up uneven surface of walling shall be done before the
first coat of plaster is applied
Inspection
 Qualification of the plasterer

 Chiselling state of concrete surface
 Quality of HCB, aggregate, water...
 Levelling and plumping state of erected wall
 Duration between first , second and third coat (minimum)
 Mix proportion of plaster is uniform from start to end
 Curing state of plastering
 Linearity of plastered walls
 Etc...
Pointing
Pointing is by definition to stuff mortar in to joints of a masonry using a pointer in or to bond

courses between them correctly
 Joints of masonry surface to receive pointing shall be racked out to a

depth specified by the engineer and all mortar shall be removed
 The joints shall be well wetted before the application of pointing
 Any irregularities of joints shall be chased and made good

Inspection
 The quality of the workman

 A pointed surface shall be well plane showing horizontal and vertical
pointing perfectly even and symmetrical
 Cleanliness of the pointed wall surface
 Proper curing
Screeding
 Concrete floors to receive cement screed shall be cleaned thoroughly
with clean water
 The surface of concrete shall be kept damp at least for 48 hours
 The prepared surface shall be kept clean and free after application of the
final coat
Inspection
 Qualification of the mason

 Completion of preceding work(ceiling /plastering)
 Checking of F.FL FROM nearby rooms (important)
 Levelling state of floor to be screed
 Adopting method of levelling source
 Quality of fine aggregate, water etc...
 Method of mixing of mortar
 Nature of labour tools thickness of designed screed smooth nature of
finished surface
 Curing of screed surface
 Protection measure of finished surface From damage
Tiling
Provide cement, sand, aggregate, tiles, admixtures, and other finishing material labour and
tools for the satisfactory completion of the work and polishing at the end of the work. Pavers shall be
skilled workman who is thoroughly trained and skilled as well as experienced in the necessary craft.
The qualities of the constituent materials that means aggregate cement is as that of plastering
Inspection
 Qualification of tiller/ methodology

 Readiness of floor W.R.T other works / level
 Level of floor(each room)
 Material approval
 Nature of adhesives (approved with new deliveries )
 Duration from screed to tile placing
 Presence of tile spacer
 Method of stabilization tiled surfaces
 Protection measure for unnecessary surface spread of adhesive cleaning area of finished
surfaces
 Curing period

Roofing work
General
For building with concrete roofing , the roof is designed with the required treatment.
Corrugated roof sheet or roof tiles may be used as alternatives if required by the engineer.
The work included is that provision of liquid members patching roof material, labour and tools and
perform waterproofing as shown on drawing as specified herein and as required for a complete and
satisfactory installation of the work.
In the qualification of the work, use adequate number of skilled workman who are thoroughly
trained and experienced on the necessary crafts and are thoroughly familiar with the specified
requirements and methods needed for the proper performance of the work in this section
Inspection
FOR ROOF COVERING
 For roofing Qualification of workman

 Type of roofing
 Approval of roofing material
 Protective cost to respective and purline members
 Levelness of purlin
 Length of each plain sheet accessories
 Overlap length (side and end lap) of the roofing
 Galvanization nature of the roofing
 Fixing material quality weight per ml of EGA roof
 Thickness of the roofing proposed access to roof precedence of fascia and
gutter fixing
For gutter work
 Qualification of workman
 Types of gutter
 Material approval
 Thickness, width, and length of the brackets
 Nature of the material, (it’s galvanization and the like)
 Type of lead material
 Number of joints and type of connectors (for U PVC down pipes)
 Sufficiency of overlap lengths
 Presence of fascia board /final plastering
 Slop of gutter
 Spacing of straps
 Means of fixing
For down pipes

 Qualification of workman
 Type of down pipe material approval slip and samples
 Thickness, width and length of the brackets
 Nature of the material (its galvanization and the like)
 Type of lead materials
 Number of joints and types of connection (for U PVC down pipe)
 Sufficiency of fascia board/ final plastering
 Slope of straps
 Means off fixing
Here is a typical section of roof in our site
Supervision and inspection of construction materials
We got the chance to supervise the constituent materials of reinforced concrete. Most of the buildings
use reinforced concrete as the building material. It is the heart of every structure so it need to be
inspected and supervised for quality carefully more than any items of work.It is composed of both
concrete and reinforcement bars. And the concrete is composed of aggregate (fine and course
aggregate), cement, and water and some times admixtures . So the constituent material of the
reinforced concrete are :-
1. Aggregate(fine and course aggregate)

2. Cement
3. Water
4. admixtures(if any)
5. Reinforcement bares
Aggregate (both fine and course aggregate)

The importance of using the right type and quality of aggregate, both fine and course, can’t be
overstressed since the stone and sand together make about three-quarter of the concrete. The first step
in making good concrete is obviously to see that the aggregates are satisfactory .Since such will affect
the concrete, it is your job to ensure that unsatisfactory aggregates are not tipped at the back of the
mixer or on to the stockpiles and used subsequently in concrete.
Cleanliness
Clay, mud or silt present in the aggregate will produce lower strength concrete. Equally
rubbished should not be allowed to contaminate stalk piles.One way of checking of such quality at the
site is by hand test. Rub some sand from the pile between the hands. If the sands leaves stain it may
be too dirty to use and must be given a further test. If the hands stay clean the sand is probably all
right. As you see in the figure below
Grading
The proportion or amounts of the varies sizes of particles making up the aggregate are found
by sieving and the result is known as the grading. if the amounts of the various sizes differ from batch
to batch of the concrete mix the workability of the concrete and its strength will also vary from batch
to batch
Water content
The amount of water in the aggregate is very important because it will affect the total amount
of water in the mix. A wet batch of aggregate will make the concrete mix wetter, too wet a mix makes
a weak concrete. The mixer driver can control the amount of water in the mix to some extent to allow
for over wet or over dry aggregate but this is easier said than done and it is much better if the mixer
driver does not have to make frequent changes in the amount of added water.Another point here is
that if the water in the mix is not kept constant the workability. As well as the strength will vary from
mix to mix
1.4 Storage
Aggregates need careful storing. It is no good making sure they are clean when they
arrive if you then let them get dirty on the site
1.5 Inspection
The type and quality of the aggregate to be used on the job will have been specified
by the engineer and before concreting begins a preliminary inspection of locally available
aggregate will normally have been made by the engineer and approval given to the user if
found satisfactory
coarse aggregate should be inspected for:
- Specific gravity(at the site by judging its weight

with our hands)
- Clay coating(visualy)

- The grading(visually and sieve analysis if

necessary)
- Particle shape(visualy)
Fine aggregate should be inspected for:
- Gradation(visually and siev analysis if necessary)

- Organic impurity(visualy)
- Silt content(by taking jar test)
One thing we want to be noted here is that the inspection methodology we listed above are those
which we were using at the site
Cement
The type or types of cement to be used on the contract will normally have been decided by the
engineer or architect.
Cement storing
Everybody knows that cement must be kept dry, but it is not always realized that damp air do
as much harm as direct moisture. The length of time cement can be stored and then used satisfactorily
depends mainly on the storage container and climatic conditions. Cement delivered in bags should be
inspected as it is placed in the store.
2.2 Supervision
 Fulfilment of quality test

 Type of cement (ordinary Portland pozolana, sulphate resistance, etc...)
 Stored separately from other items
 Protected from damp raised due to weather or ground condition
 Stored so that the cement will be used on the same order as it is delivered
 Free from dampness and partial setting
 Age of cement
3 Water
All water used shall be cleaned, free from earthly vegetable or organic material and from acid
and alkaline substance in suspension or solution. Water shall be stored and distributed about the site
in containers, vessels, and through pip work which shall not contaminate it.
3.1 Supervision
 Protected from contamination
3. Admixtures
Admixtures are those things which are added to concrete mixes in order to improve the
quality of the concrete that means to improve there ability to withstand different environments.
Then the above four constituent materials are binded to form what we call it concrete. The good
quality of the constituent materials only cant ensure the good quality of the concrete work such as

beam, slab and so on. The next question is how to mix them and how to place the concrete. If u need
unswer to this challenge u can see appendix 1 execution of concrete
Reinforcement
The success of a reinforced concrete job depends to a larger extent on the reinforcement being
correctly fixed in the concrete with the right cover. If it is not fixed properly, and moves during
concreting the member will not be as strong as it should be. Such weakening could lead to failer under
load in addition if the cover is not enough the reinforcement will rust, expand and eventually spall the
concrete which again will weaken the structure as well as spoil its appearance
Bar types and identification
There are two main grades of steel used for bar reinforcement, one is mild steel and the other
is high-yield steel (previously known as high-tensile steel).with material properties as shown on the
table below
Material Minimum Yield Point Ultimate Stress Minimum

Elongation
It
Unit 2 2 %
kg/cm kg/cm
Mild Steel 2400 3700 20
High yield Steel 4200 5000 18
is important to be aware of the different types of reinforcing steel, how to identify them and where to
use them.
. Storage of reinforcement
Bars for site cutting and bending if not already bundled and labelled, have to be stored into
sizes and lengths. Make arrangements for storing the bars until they are required by the bar
cutter/bender, So that they are conveniently handled. Stack the bars so that the different types, lengths
and sizes can be quickly and easily identified. One method is to make division by driving wooden
posts or large bars in to the ground so they stick out by about 0.5m to 1m and are about 0.5m to 1m
apart. Depending on the quantity to be stored, this method makes it easy to drop the bars in or to take
them out. If you have the ends of the bars butted against a timber stop at one end. You can easily
measure the length
The main points with storage are, first, to have the bars laid so that the correct size and length
are readily available without the need for any double handling. And second to ensure that they do not
become contaminated by such things as mud, oil and grease. U can see a good practice of handling
reinforcement bars at the site with that of bad handling below.
The reinforcement bars are inspected for:
- Ultimate tensile stress

- Yield point stress
- Elongation

But most of the time this inspection is done at head office level because this testing machines are not
available at the site easily.
Our performance
as we told you before we were eager to know each and every thing and to be practically rich.
There were around 20 buildings under progress with deferent stages that’s why we get the chance to
see many things within this short time. In this case making us practically rich is not negotiable, so that
they evaluate us whenever they thick it is necessary. The evaluations are;-
- By preparing test sheets

- Giving projects
- Giving assignment
- Site oral examination
Test sheet: - after a month after we started the work they prepare them with test sheet of 12
test questions. Most of them are cases and which are practically being applied at the site now
a day’s including in our site. So we found it interesting. As I told you before in this section
we were eager to know everything so the test was not that much difficult for us and the
evaluation was pretty good
Project:-then next they give us a project on the production of construction materials which
have being execute in our site. Such us:-
- HCB
- Pre-cast beam
- Louver
- Man halls
This is important for one engineer to specifically inspect the quality of materials he is
going to use and we made it well from their raw materials to their inspection and how to
install them in one building. One thing here in our site is there is no efficiently working
printer machine. So most of the work we done are in soft copies in including this project
Assignment:- they also gave us assignment on office works that means preparing take of
sheet of a particular building located in the site named with central library
Site oral examination:- we also orally evaluated at the site with procedures and picking
default in the work with its possible recommendation
Challenges
When we work didn’t faced with that much challenges both inn quantities and their
difficulties that means they were not beyond our scope the challenges were:-
- Communication challenges
- Work challenges as:-

o Typical words used at the site

o Segregation
o Cracking of finished wall surface fghfghgfjhj
Measures to overcame the challenges
Communication challenge
This challenge makes us not to have healthy communication with the site communities such
as; site engineer, ‘Forman’, ‘kabo’, daily labour etc.... from the fact that we come from the
supervision site that means we were in the consultant side and they were from the contractor side,
there is a trend that the two are looking each other as a cat and rat. So they consider us a watch dog
for our office so they don’t even talk with us. But through time we let them to know our work and
objective that we are here not as a snitch, rather to learn from them. And we told them that can’t let
happened without them. But one thing to be noted here is that when we see any default at any
building in our site we don’t pass without reminding them and thanks to them they respect every
suggestion we recommend to them. So we can say that we were lucky of having this types of
relationship
The other thing is that most of the workmen are afraid to tell us what we asked. Because they
think we know everything and now we are joking. In order to overcome this problem we ask
everything even we know. This is to build their confidence and to let them to know we know little and
they know better. At this time they are willing to talk.
Common words used at the site, this are the site words which we don’t know before when we
were at the school. such as:- table showing this words from kiwi this are also challenges because in
the early period of our internship we get difficulties of communicating with the labours. And the first
thing that we did before we go to the site is studying this words and familiar with them because we
need to know them to communicate with most of the site communities
Work challenges
This is challenges that we face when we are at our tasks and they need our suggestion and we did it.
And we would like to mention in the following section. These are:-
Segregation:- this is a phenomena when the reinforcement bars are exposed to the external
environment gets contact to air. This makes it to get rest corrode and this let it to reduce its strength
Segregation can be happened due to:-poor vibrator usage during casting

-placing concrete from height greater than 2.5m
-miss use of spacer
We didn’t let that happen by taking the above reasons but if it does the only thing that we can
do is covering the exposed reinforcement with mortar if it is not that much affect the design strength.
Cracking of finished wall surface:- this the phenomena when the wall gets cracked. This is
due to
Improper curing:-as we know the finished (plastered) wall surface should be kept wet for 7 days by
pouring water on it for at least 3 times a day. So in order to prevent this we recommend them to cure
it carefully

Direct contact with the high sunshine;- this makes the wall to dry too rapidly even if we are curing
well. in most sites this may not happen because the sunshine is not that much significant. But here in
our site since the climate is to hot recommend them to make the wall under shad by any means they
can.
Over all benefits
Internship program is a method of letting the students to assume themselves as a potentially

responsible workman for a particular work by assigning them to actively participating construction as
well as consulting companies. And such trends helps us to have valuable work experience. Internship
programs are also potentially valuable to company. Unfortunately, some companies continue to
regard interns as little more than a free source of labour to catch up on filing and other tedious office
tasks. But many business owners and managers realize that internship programs can provide them
with an early opportunity to gauge the talents of a new generation of workers and, in many cases, sell
themselves as a quality place for students to begin their careers after they graduate.
In this internship that means within this four months we can observe what the outside
construction world looks like more than we know when we were at school. When we were at the
school we learned or take many theoretical lessons even difficult to understand theoretically. So in
this internship we get good opportunity to solve these difficulties. Because those things which were
theoretically difficult to understand, were not hard to understand when we learned practically.
The overall benefits of the intern ship are not limited to the practical skill only. We would like
to group the overall benefits in terms of different categories such as:-
 In terms of improving our practical skill
 In terms of upgrading our theoretical knowledge
 In terms of improving our interpersonal communication skill
 In terms of improving our team playing skill
 In terms of improving our leadership skill
 In terms of understanding about work ethics related issues
 In terms of entrepreneurship skill
In terms improving our practical skill
In this context practical skill is that we gain by applying different type of construction
method, and we can improve our skill by relating the different construction methods with the
theoretical lessons that we learned at school. In this internship we have exposed our self to different
practical skill and ask to learn more. As we tried to mention above there are around five contracting
companies under the supervision of MH engineering plc here in our site so we gat the chance to work
with all of them that means we gat also the opportunity to work in the contractor side to.
Some of the practical skills that i gained or learned during the internship program are:-
 General office works as:-

 Preparation of take off sheet
 Preparation of payment certificate
 Quantity surveying
 Supervision of different super structure items as:-

 Supervision of elevation column

 Supervision of intermediate and top tie beams
 Supervision of suspended slab
 Supervision of HCB walls etc...
 Production and supervision of different construction materials such as:-
 HCB
 Pre-cast beams
 Louver
 Man halls
 Field test of concrete such as:-
 Cube test- compressive strength test
 Slump test- workability test
 Creativity of construction methodology for executing deferent items of work
 Creativity and expression of idea in solving problems
 The ability to read complex blueprints and point out some design defects
Theoretical knowledge
Thanks to this program we got the chance to apply our theoretical knowledge in the real
construction world. And this builds our confidence in theoretical knowledge. In order to illustrate this
we would like to list some of them
 In arrangement and curtailing of reinforcement bars

 Moment zero condition (that means one third rule) etc...
As we know Almost all the courses we took were focused on theoretical part, thanks to this
internship program; we are now able to upgrade our theoretical knowledge by practice. So we can say
that our knowledge is upgraded by the practical things we have seen at the site.
Interpersonal communication skill
Interpersonal communication is usually defined by communication scholars in numerous

ways, usually describing participants who are dependent upon one another and have a shared history.
It can involve one on one conversations or individuals interacting with many people within a society.
It helps us understand how and why people behave and communicate in different ways to construct
and negotiate a social reality. While interpersonal communication can be defined as its own area of
study, it also occurs within other contexts like groups and organizations.
For any person communication is an important way of learning, which can be defined
formally as the act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skills. Cool communication is
important in the real constructions world and it can appear in different forms as speaking, writing, and
listening.
During our internship we have improved my communication skill by communicating starting

from daily labour to project manager learning different type of construction term
Construction is team work, team work is work performed by not only by one person rather
than cooperation with other. This success couldn’t be achieved without developing good
communication skill.

Project that we have been involved has different people with various back ground came
together. They are vary in educational level, economic situations, cultural backgrounds and etc. Since
the aim of the project is to accomplish the work in good way, we need to have good communicative
skills .
During our internship I have improved my communication skill by communicating starting from daily
labour to project manager learning different type of construction term which are listed in the
following table
Site words Rough meaninng

solata slab
muzra spaceer
tumbi plumbo
fundo Soffit
musheleit Is a timber material used to join
two timbers
ponte T shape like scaffold for slab
Stanga to keep stand the
formworks
Kerebat Timber material used to keep the
column formwork fixed.
Squadrato keep some area rectangle or make
each angle 90
Fero reinforcement bar
Stafa stirrup
Team playing skills
At times, when different individuals come together to work for common goals of the company
for increasing productivity, The most important point is just reaching an agreement from different
points on the work to be done. There are some key point which describe what team playing skill ,
some of them are below relating to internship.
Demonstrates reliability
You can count on a reliable team member who gets work done and does his fair share to work
hard and meet commitments. He or she follows through on assignments. Consistency is key. You can
count on him or her to deliver good performance all the time, not just some of the time. We have been
reliable for the works that they gave during the internship program .that means since we are three we
onestly deliver our effert to the group work that is given. this encourage our involvement in team
playing skill .

Shares openly and willingly

Good team players share. They're willing to share information, knowledge, and experience.
They take the initiative to keep other team members informed.
Much of the communication within teams takes place informally. Beyond discussion at
organized meetings, team members need to feel comfortable talking with one another and passing
along important news and information day-to-day. Good team players are active in this informal
sharing. They keep other team members in the loop with information and expertise that helps get the
job done and prevents surprises.
In our period of internship the company staff member share information and we also share
information or knowledge that we gain to one another since we are three and we were assigned in
three different groups of building. this helps us to know what activity was going on in all three
categories of buildings each day and improve our team playing skill
Works as a problem-solver
Teams, of course, deal with problems. Sometimes, it appears, that's the whole reason why a
team is created is to address problems. Good team players are willing to deal with all kinds of
problems in a solutions-oriented manner. They're problem-solvers, not problem-dwellers, problem-
blamers, or problem-avoiders. They don't simply rehash a problem the way problem-dwellers do.
They don't look for others to fault, as the blamers do. And they don't put off dealing with issues, the
way avoiders do.
In construction project problem often arise with different reason , we have seen some
technical problem encountered during executing a particular item of work and design defaults at this
time they let us involved in the problem solving procedure and we also put our effort proudly without
any fear. There also dispute arises between the contractor and consultant but they have solved
problem easily this helped me to improve my team player skill.
Leadership skill
A manager is the person in charge of commanding and running a business or a project.
Leadership deals with the interpersonal relations. Managing means planning, developing and
organizing. In the contemporary society leadership qualities along with managing abilities are a must.
In our internship we have done some tasks which were related more of with leadership and
management. we were responsible to control and supervise some activity. A leader is basic for the
whole project to be hindered well. Leadership stated from planning. This helps to know the progress
of the work to be done and the required goal to be achieved. After having a good plan by organizing
the team and creating best strategies we could achieve our goal. By doing so and getting more
leadership experiences from the site supervisor we could improved our leading ability.
Work ethics
Work ethics include not only how one feels about their job, career or vocation, but also how
one does his/her job or responsibilities. This involves attitude, behavior, respect, communication, and
interaction; how one gets along with others. Work ethics demonstrate many things about whom and
how a person is.

Work ethics involve such characteristics as honesty and accountability. Essentially, work
ethics break down to what one does or would do in a particular situation. The begging question in a
situation involves what is right and acceptable, and above board, versus what is wrong, underhanded,
and under the table
In our period of internship we understand what work ethics, one of ethics is punctuality. To
be punctual is duties of every worker so that they could achieve there task with the time given and we
have been punctual .
Other work ethics is to be anti corruption which not taking thing that benefited us in illegal
way .other work ethics
 Punctuality- means keeping the companies work beginning and ending time and to complete a
given task within the given period. That was challenging to become punctual for the 1 st days
of work. But gradually I began to start and end my tasks on time.
 Office disciplines- in work place you don’t have to disturb the working atmosphere. For
example abstain from opening loud voice, loud music, songs and things which disturb other
workers’ working mood.
 Reliability- The worker should be qualified for the part he is supposed to be
performing . He/she must have appropriate skill and knowledge for the task assigned .
 Honesty- Regarding this value each worker regardless of its status should abstain from
bad behaviors such as cheating , bias , corruption etc..
 Cooperation- Each worker should interact and cooperate with each other while working
. That is because it is through such system problems could be easily solved .
 Avoiding potential or apparent conflict of interests
Entrepreneurship skill
Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth and job creation. It provides many
people with career opportunities that better fit their preferences than waged employment.
After the completion of internship , we are more motivated to look forward in construction
business and to start taking sub contract with different technique.

Appendixes
Appendix 1-Execution of concrete
Mix proportions.
The concrete mix shall be designed to have the minimum cement content and the grading
between the limits shown for course and fine aggregate shall be such as to produce a workable and
dense concrete with appropriate water-cement ratio
Mixing of concrete
The concrete shall be mixed in an efficient automatic mechanical mixer of an approved type
and of sufficient capacity. The speed of the drum is to be not more than twenty and not less than
fourteen revolution per minutes. Hand mixing will not be permitted.
The fine and coarse aggregate and the cement are to be placed in the drum and are to be mixed in a
dry state for at least ten turns of the drum.
The mixing operation shall continue until the cement is thoroughly distributed throughout the mass
and shall last at least 2 minutes or forty turns of the drum after the whole of the water has been added
Concrete as above shall not be modified by the addition of water or otherwise in order to facilitate
handling or for any other purpose.
No concrete mix shall be discharged from the machine unless it is properly mixed having uniform
colour and consistency
Additives to concrete
The agreed quantities of the additives must be strictly adhere to as specified by the engineer
and/or manufacturer of the additives
Transportation of concrete
Concrete is to be transferred from the place of mixing to the place of final deposit as rapidly
as possible to avoid re-handling and flowing and by methods whish will prevent segregation or lose of
ingredients. If there is long distance of traffic jam between the batching plant and the construction
site, special admixtures (retarders) should be used up on approval by the engineer
Placing of concrete
Concrete shall be placed before setting has commenced and in any case within 30 minutes
from the time that the water is added in the mixer
Concrete shall not be discharged during placing from a height in excess of 2.5m meter according to
EBCS. All methods of placing the concrete are to be such as not to cause any disturbance or
movement of the formwork or location of the reinforcement or embed fixtures
Compaction of concrete
All concrete shall be thoroughly compacted during the operation of placing so as to form a
dense homogenous mass properly worked around embedded fixtures, reinforcement and into the
corners of the formwork. Unless otherwise specified pr directed all concrete shall be compacted by
mechanical vibration as specified hereinafter.
Lean concrete.

All ground to carry reinforced column bases and grounded beams shall be covered with a
minimum 50 mm blinding layer of grade 150kg concrete as previously specified
curing and protection of concrete

All concrete shall be properly cured and protected until it has set and hardened and acquired
the required strength.Care must be taken that no concrete is allowed to become prematurely dry and
the fresh concrete must be carefully protected from the rain , sun and wind for a period of at least
seven days by applying water on building paper, sacking, sand, sawdust, or other approved means
Concrete in foundation and other underground work shall be protected from admixtures with falling
earth or similar during and after placing
Inspection of concrete mix
Inspection of mix (in general the concrete prepared by taking good care of the above things should be
inspected for the following points)
 size of gauging box for measuring aggregate

 required duration to mix the cement and aggregate thoroughly/check manufacturers
instruction of the mixer
 loading capacity of the mixer
 cleanliness of the mixer
 availability of aggregate , cement and equipment for production of the required
volume of concrete
 aware of mix proportion
 check maximum size of aggregate allowed in the mix
 moisture content of aggregates
 temperature of aggregate
 check slump and water/cement ratio of freshly mixed concrete
 workability of concrete for insuring proper placing and handling of concrete without
segregation /low, medium, high/
 weather/care during heavy rain hot weather/
Testing of concrete
Most of the time the concrete spacemen from the site are tested for quality (workability,
compressive strength...). The specimens will be tested on site or if so directed by an independent
testing laboratory.
From the result of this test definite weight of each material for batching shall be ascertained
and agreed with the engineer
Work test specimens (WTS), cubs or cylinders, are to be made throughout the period of
contract from concrete drawn from newly laid concrete about to be placed in position. Such work test
specimens shall be made when directed by the engineer in his presence of the engineer, any of the

results of the specified tests of concrete or materials be unsatisfactory, the engineer may order the
work to be stopped pending his further instruction
Purpose Maximum minimum
Rc foundation 7.5 3.0
Rc columns, beams and slabs 10.0 5.0
Executed works for which the test results are unsatisfactory shall be liable to rejection and if
so directed by the engineer, the work represented by the test shall be cut out and re-executed.
In the case of 7 days WTS proving unsatisfactory the work may be stopped, but shall not be
liable to rejection until the result of the 28 days test is known
In the event of the result of 28 days WTS proving unsatisfactory, the work represented shall
be immediately liable to rejection.

Appendix 2-Production of pre- cast beams

A. Equipment required for the production of pre-cast beams :- these materials are vibrating table,
moulds, concrete mixer and reinforcement bending tables
B. Raw materials and mix ratio:- these are cement, aggregate of good quality(both fine and
course ), reinforcement
C. Procedure of production of pre-cast beams
First of all the production should be well prepared that means it should be both clean and wide
enough to produce the pre-cast beam without obstruction
It should be wide enough for the production (including reinforcement)

It should be wide enough for the storage of materials and
It should be wide enough for the storage of produced beams with the available
space of shade
Prepare all the equipments which are necessary for the production activity including adequate skilled
and unskilled man power should be prepared and should get ready
Prepare the moulds; the moulds should be good enough to execute the required quality of pre-cast
beams
The moulds should be straight
The moulds should be clean
They should be treated with release agent (painting or greasing)
Prepare the reinforcement: as we know the reinforcement are one of the main part of the concrete
structure (for PB too) so they should be prepared with great care i.e. all it’s dimensions, length,
arrangement and shapes, number of bars, etc..., Should be as per the design.
the plate form should be well prepared for easy and fast production
the stirrups need to be welded to the top of the main bare of the pre-cast
Bending of the reinforcement (both the stirrup and the main bars ) should be as
per the specification. i.e. bending diameter=4*bar diameter
Concrete casting: if all the above procedures are fulfilled and the reinforcements are placed in their
position inside the mould on the vibrator table the next step is concrete casting
covers should be kept properly in all position

fresh concrete with the slump of not less than 5cm can be used
to prevent honey combing and segregation the fresh concrete should be casted
in layers
 Sand should be clean(it should not has more than 5% silt)
 Concrete shall not be dry
 It should be vibrated well (not much not less). Vibration of
concrete should be carried out for 10-20 seconds
depending on the capacity of the table vibrator
Mould dismantling and curing: after cleaning of the excess concrete and smoothening of the edge
while the concrete is fresh and transporting to the level surface the moulds should be dismantled and
cured properly

Moulds can be dismantled after 24hr for PPC and after 12hr for OPC
Watering and curing will be done for 7 days under shade a minimum of 3 times a
day at least for seven days(to ensure non sudden dehydration of concrete for the
proper achievements of its strength i.e. the concrete)
Handling procedure after production

Since the structure is a pre-casted structure it should handled very well attain its intended purpose
when it is install at the place where it is intended to be used
The ground should be stable and flat

Maximum of 4 rows are allowed
PB shall be stored by type
Pre-cast beams should be supported at three points and the center support should
be 2 cm higher than the other end supports. this is to compensate the sagging
effect that will occur when it is used as a structural part in the building
Transporting, loading and unloading of pre-cast beams
Flat beds tracks should be used and it should be driven slowly if the
road is rough
Loading and unloading should be done holding the beam at three
places

Inspection
The inspection of any work is very important for proper and smooth progress of the project
and its quality also improved
 Control quality
 Avoid reputedly done mistakes
And when we come to the pre-cast beam in particular the inspection includes
Geometry and quality of pre-cast beams (both absence of cracks and absence of bends and
twists)
Temporary supports (horizontal and vertical supports as well as base of temporary supports )
Types and length of pre-cast beams
Spacing of pre-cast beams
Bearing length of pre-cast=t beams
Quality of slab HCB
Proper placing of slab HCB
Steel reinforcement :-
 Grade
 Size(diameter and length)
 Concrete cover
 Cleanliness
 Stability of fixed steel

Appendix 3- HCB block production
Concrete blocks shall be obtained from an approval supplier or may be manufactured on site.
Equipments:-mixer and compacting machine with mould within it
Raw materials:-cement, aggeregate and pumice with no fine volcanic dust
Procedure of HCB
Site preparation
As always, the production site should be well prepared first both in quality and wideness
It should be wide enough for the production

It should be wide enough for the storage of materials and
It should be wide enough for the storage of produced HCB with the available
space of shade
Prepare the equipments
The equipments which are necessary for the production of HCB should be
prepared such as:-mixer and the compacting machine
Concrete casting
After the machine which compact the mix in the mould within itself the workmen transport the mix
from the mix to that of the compacting machine then the machine produce the HCB with the required
size
Handling procedure after production
a. Blocks shall be produced under shade on suitable smooth floor

b. Blocks shall remain under shade for a minimum of 7 days after casting
c. They need to be treated with water (wetted with water) 3 times a day at least for 7
days
Transporting, loading and unloading
a. Where concrete blocks are transported across or to site by truck trailer or similar
devices, they shall be properly stacked on the vehicle and loaded and unloaded on
a proper manner
b. Blocks shall be loaded and unloaded in manner to prevent chipping and other
damage rendering the material useable for the intended purpose . Blocks shall be
stacked on the clean and dry level. Hared standing and shall protected against
contamination
c. All care shall be taken to ensure that blocks are not damaged during loading and
unloading procedure and any broken or cracked block shall not be permitted for
use except where appropriately required for bonding.

Construction methodology
Placing of HCB
a) All block work shall be solidly placed. Jointed and pointed in mortar. where wall faces
are plastered or rendered or pointed , the joints shall be racked out to form a key. Blocks
shall be butt , jointed and laid with nominal joint of 10m in cement mortar
b) Concrete block walls shall be carried up in a uniform manner with no adjoining portion
raised more than meter above one another , the open ends being racked up and not
toothed . all perpends and quoins shall be strictly plumbed square and in line
c) During hot or dry weather and when absorption is excessive , blocks shall be wetted
with clean water before lying
d) Newly and partially erected block walls shall be protected from drying out too rapidly
by the suns heat and they shall be kept well watered for for at least three days
e) Finished walling shall be protected from damage by subsequent operations and where
exposed surface is specified in the drawings , any presence of mortar on the surface of
wall shall be cleaned out before setting of the mortar has occurred .
f) All block work walls which are not rendered or plastered are to be faire faced. If
required by the engineer, a specimen panel of fair faced block work shall be erected
approval by the engineer.
Inspection
 Blocks shall be manufactured from cement and aggregate . the main question is the
quality these constituent material
 Blocks shall be produced under shade on suitable smooth floor
 Blocks shall be uniform in texture, shape, size with sharp arises and free from any
cracks of defects
 Blocks shall remain under shade and wet cured for a minimum of 7 days after casting

4 Over All Internship Experiance

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4 Over All Internship Experiance

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Final internship semester report 2011

Brief history of MH engineering plc

MH engineering is an Ethiopian engineering consultancy head quartered In Addis Ababa

In the UCBP MH engineering coordinates and supervises architectural and engineering

University Capacity Building Program(UCBP)

GIZ INTERNATIONAL SERVICE

GIZ international service is non-profit German development cooperation agency is contracted

 Saves money by reducing both construction time and material wastage

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 1

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 2

The main products or its service

e.g. - ministry of foreign affairs office building at A.A

-Biftu Adugna business complex at Adama

 Design and supervision of hospitals

The main customers or end users of MH engineering plc

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 3

Its over all organization and work flow

- Contract bill of quantities

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 4

2. Progress (time) control

Work pieces we have been executing

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 5

The things that we were executing in the office are

2 site work or site supervision buildings

 Supervision:- we did some supervision of different items of superstructure works.

How we get in to the company

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 6

 Teodrose Abera G.C

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 7

Procedures while performing our tasks

I. General guidelines of office work

I. General guidelines of office work

Office discipline:- punctuality, responsibility, ethics ...

Official lettering:- how to write official letters between different offices

II Civil engineering office works

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 8

Below is a typical take off sheet

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 9

Here is a typical certificate below

2 Site work or supervision

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 10

 Methodology and supervision of elevation column

Elements of structure: elevation column

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 11

 grout tightness and sufficiency of rigidity to prevent disturbance due to pressure

Element of structure: intermediate beam

 check the proceeding work acceptance

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 12

 then it is ready to be casted after u check the alignment and it is ok

 conformity of the formwork with approved formwork design

D. cheek the availability of enough man power and machineries

 cheek the time frame for the removal of formwork(16 hr)

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 13

Element of structure: suspended slab

Here is a typical ribbed slab with the latest precast technology

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 14

 submittals of shop drawing showing diameter, spacing, number, lengths, method of

H. cheek the availability of enough man power and machineries

Elements of structure: stair case

- Stair case from steel

STAIR CASES FROM STEEL

Jimma university, Jimma institute of technology-JIT Page 15

STAIR CASE FROM RC