CHIRAYU COLLEGE OF NURSING

BHOPAL
SESSION: 2018-2019

SUBJECT – NURSING EDUCATION

TOPIC ON - SOCIOMETRY

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

Mr. BAIJU . S Mrs. SEEMA VARGHESE

M.Sc. (N) I YEAR PROFESSOR

CCON, BHOPAL CCON, BHOPAL

Submitted on : 03.09.2019
 SOCIOMETRY
INTRODUCTION:
It is a means for studying the choice, communication and interaction patterns of individuals
in a group. It is concerned with attraction and repulsions between individuals in a group. In
this method, a person is asked to choose one or more persons according to specified criteria
in order to find out the persons or persons with whom he will like to associate.
Sociometry is a method of discovering, describing, and evaluating social statues, structure
and development through measuring extent of acceptance or rejection between individuals in
groups.

DEFINITION:
Franz defined “Sociometry as a method used for the discovery & manipulation of social
configuration by measuring the attraction and repulsions between individuals in a group”.

SOCIOMETRY TEST:
The basic technique in sociometry is the sociometric test. This is a test under which each
member of a group is asked to choose from all other members those whom he prefers to
associate in a specific situation. The situation must be re al one to the group under study. E.g.
group study, class room seating.
E.g. Suppose we desire to find out the likings and disliking of persons in a work group
consisting of 10 members, each person is asked to select 5 persons in order or preference with
whom he like to work on a group assignment. The level of choices are designated as the first
choice by the number 1, the second by 2, and the third by 3

Requirements of sociometric test are:

1. The number of choice allowed should be specific & depend on size of the group tested.
2. The limit of group should be indicated to the subject.
3. A specific criterion for choice should be used with reference to the functional activity of
group.
4. Each subject should be permitted to make his choices and rejections privately without the
presence of other members in the group.
5. Different levels of preference should be designed for each choice.

USES OF SOCIOMETRY:
J.L Moreno developed the sociometric technique to study the interaction of students.

 It enables the teacher to get a comprehensive picture of the structure of social relationship
in the class by means of certain instrument and methods of interpreting and applying the
result obtained.
 It is a special method of obtaining information through oral questions written responses
and applying It is a special method of obtaining information
 It is a technique where by each member is asked to state the kind of relationships, which
he holds towards other members.
 It is a method of obtaining information through oral questions written responses and
analyzing the records in studying the group.
 It is technique where by each member is asked to state the kind of relationships, which he
holds towards other members
 It is method to determine the degree to which individuals are accepted or rejected in a
group and group structure, subdivisions of the group/based on sex, age, caste, family
 This technique is used and speedy in administration.
 The sociometric status, his relationship with other members in a group, perception of
other members etc. Will be revealed in sociometry.

Scoring sociometric choice:

 One method is to count the member of times an individual is chosen, disregarding the
order of choice, this is the most simple method
 Another method is to score the order of choices, for eg. 3 points to first choice, 2 to
second and one point to third choice.
 Third plan is to use a rating scale, each subject may be asked to rate each one of the other
member in a five point scale. Each subject may be asked to rate each one of the other
member in a five point scale 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 for eg means- would like to work with him very
much, and o means would not want to work with him at all.

METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF SOCIOMETRIC DATA:

There are 3 important methods of sociometric:

1. Sociometric matrix:
A matrix is a rectangular array (arrangement) of number of other symbols; sociometric matrix
is a square or n xn matrix.
Eg. A group of 6 members respond to Sociometric questions with whom would you like to
work on such & such projects during the next 3 months? Choose any 3 individuals. The
responses made are choices of a member choose another member, choice is denoted by 1. If a
member doesn’t choose another, non-choice is denoted by 0.
A B C D E F

A 0 1 0 1 0 1

B 1 0 0 0 1 1

C 0 0 0 1 1 1

D 0 1 0 0 1 1

E 1 O 0 1 0 1

F 0 1 0 1 1 0

TOTAL 02 03 00 04 04 05

INTERPRETATION – From the above table it is clear that candidate F is highly accepted
by maximum number of people in the group and candidate C is rejected by all the members
in the group.

ADVATAGES OF SOCIOMETRIC MATRIX:

a. It is inclusive i.e. relationship between every single pair is specifically recorded.
b. Joint relationships among pairs are recorded
c. Matrices may be combined and compared.

SHORT COMINGS OF MATRIX:

a. It is not suitable for a large group
b. It is a poor graphic device
c. It is a poor tool for detecting mutual choices and other aspects of group structure.
Eg the student is asked to nominate the persons with whom he would like to work, sit,
study or play. It provides data relevant to the existing social relationships in the
class.With this technique, we are interested in who made the nomination as well as who
has nominated. Reciprocal relationships are booked.

2. Sociogram:
It is a graphic representation of the sociometric/choices relations of a group.

A B
MALE

F FEMALE
E

MUTUAL
C
D

ONEWAY

STAR

The symbols of those chosen most often are placed nearest to the centre of the diagram and
those chosen less often are placed progressively outward.

Advantages:
1. Sociogram is a superior to the matrix as a graphic device
2. It give a birds eye view of all aspects of group structure.

3. Socimetric index:
Socimetric choices or other relations are also measured by indices. Large members of medics
are possible.

 Choice state index: CSA = ∑CA (n-1) is used because one cannot chose oneself
n-1
 Where CSA = choice state of person A, ∑CA= sum of choices in common A, n=
member of individual in the group.

For example- CSA = 2/5

= 0.4
Hence the sociometric index for candidate A is 0.4.

 Group cohesiveness index:

GC= ∑ (MC) Where GC = group cohesiveness
n (n-1) where ∑MC = sum of mutual choice or pairs
2 n = the member of individual in the
group
Group cohesiveness index is the proportion of mutual choices to the total member of possible
pans.
For example – in the group we find 4 mutual choices hence
GC = 4/6X5/2
= 4/15
= 0.26.
The cohesiveness for the group is 0.26.

 Social intensity index = ∑acceptance +∑rejections

(n-1)
Choice- rejection status: the member of choices minis the member of rejections received.
Eg. ∑C - ∑R.

CONCLUSION:
Thus sociometric techniques are highly useful in identifying leadership small group
behaviour, prejudices, attitudes and values. They are useful in classifying individuals and
group.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. Basavanthappa BT, nursing education; Jaypee Brother publishers, P508-9.

2. Basheer Shebeer P. “Textbook of Nursing Education”, 1st edition, Published by EMMESS

Medical Publisher, P.238-241.

3. Elakkuvana Bhaskar Raj. D, Nima Bhaskar, “Text Book oh Nursing Education,” 1st
edition, published by EMMESS medial publisher, p 266-269.

4. Neeraja KP, Text book of Nursing Education Jaypee Brothers Publishers; New Delhi, p-
438-39.

5. Sodhi Jaspreet Kaur, “Comprehensive Textbook of Nursing Education” 1 st Edition,

published by JAYPEE, P 237-239.