CHECKLIST

CHECKLIST TO ASSESS THE HISTORY OF FEEDING PRACTICES

Instructions: Please mark tick(Ö) in appropriate column for each step.

Each correct step carries 1 mark.

Name of student: Class:

Roll No: Name of supervisor:

STEPS YES NO REMARKS

1. Did your child receive colostrum?

2. Did the child receive any

prelacteal feed?
3. Did you breastfeed/are you
breastfeeding your child?
4. Did/do you clean your breast
before breastfeeding?
5. Did you initiate breastfeeding
within first half an hour(in
normal delivery) /four hours(in
caesarean section)
6. Did you give/ are you giving
exclusive breastfeeding to your
child?
7. Did you breastfeed your child
when he/she is sick?
8. Did you start complementary
feeding before 6 months of age?
9. Did you give cow/buffalo’s milk
to your child during first 6
months of life?
10. Did you give formula milk to
your child during first 6 months
of life despite of sufficient milk
secretion?

REMARKS:-............................................................

SCORING:-
10- 15 – GOOD
9-5 – AVERAGE
<5 – POOR
................................. .....................................
Signature of student signature of supervior
 SOCIOMETRY
DEFINITIONS:

 It is a method of discovering, describing and evaluating social status, structure and

development through measuring extent of acceptance or rejection between
individuals in a groups.

 Franz defines sociometry as a method used for the discovery and manipulation of
social configuration by measuring the attractions and repulsions between individuals
in a group.

SOCIOMETRY TEST:

 The basic test in sociometry is the sociometric test. This is the test under which
each member of a group is asked to choose from all other members of a group
with whom he prefer to associated in a specific situation. The situation must be
real one to the group under study e.g. group study, play classroom seating

EXAMPLE

Suppose we desire to find out the likings and disliking of persons in a work group
consisting of 8 persons. Each person is asked to select 3 person’s in order of
preference with whom he would like to work on a group assignment. The levels of
choices are designated as the first choice by the no. 1, the second by 2, and the third
by 3.

THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SOCIOMETRIC TEST ARE :

 The limits of the group should be indicated to the subjects.

 The no. of choice allowed should be specific and it depends on the size of the
group tested.
 Each subject is permitted to make his choices and rejections privately without the
presence of the other members of the group.
 A specific criteria for choice should be used, with reference to the functional
activity of the group.
 Different levels of preferences should be designed for each choice.

TYPES OF CHOICE:

Sociometric choice means “choice of persons” choice of lines of communication or

choice of lines of influence.

Scoring sociometric choices

  One method is to count the no of times an individual is chosen, disregarding the
order of choice. This is the most simple method and is widely used.
 The main drawback of this method is that it is insensitive for it does not
distinguish between first and third choice.

2ND METHOD:

Another method is to score the order of choices, say 3 points to first choice, two to second
choice and one point to third choice. the weakness of this scoring plan is that it treats the
difference between a third choice and as identical to the difference between first and
second and third choices.

3RD METHOD:

A third plan is to use rating scale. Each subject may be asked to rate each one of the other
members in five point scale 4,3,2,1,0. In this 4 means “would like to work with him very
much,” and 0 means “ would not want to work with him .

Methods of analysis of sociometric data

There are three important methods:

 SOCIOMETRIC MATRIX

 SOCIOGRAM

 SOCIOMETRIC INDEX

1. Sociometric matrix

A matrix is rectangular array of number of other symbols. Socio matrix is a square or n x n

matrix n being the no. of persons in the group

EXAMPLE

 Suppose a group of six members responds to a sociometric questions, with whom

would you like to work on such and such a projects during the next 3 months? Choose
any 3 individuals. The responses are choices. If a member choose any other member
the choice is denoted by one. If a member does not choose another, the non choice is
denoted by 0.(if rejection has been called for -1 would be used).

Example of sociometry performed in MSc (N) 1ST year

Q: - With which of your friend would you like to go on trip?

The sociometry is performed on six students of MSc (N) 1 st year to know which the most
preferred friend to go on trip is. The friend taken as choice include:-
  Aarti
 Amandeep
 Jaspreet
 Sehajpreet
 Rachna
 Manveet

The results of this sociometry are as follows:-

SOCIOMETRY CHOICE INDEX

CHOOSER CHOSEN
Aarti amandeep Jaspreet sehajpree Simarpreet Madhu
t
Aarti + + +
Amandeep + + +
Jaspreet + +
Sehajpreet +
Simarpreet + +
Madhu + + + +
CHOICES 4 1 3 2 2 3
RECIEVED

TOTAL 4 1 3 2 2 3
CHOICES

+ sign indicates preferred friend

The most preferred friend is aarti which receives 4 choices while amandeep is least preferred
which receives 1 choice.
 preference
4.5

3.5

2.5 preference

1.5

0.5

0
aarti amandeep jaspreet sehajpreet simarpreet madhu

SOCIOGRAM:
It is a graphic representation of the sociometric choice relations of the group. A graph of
the data shown in table.

DIAGRAM REPRESENTING SOCIOMETRY:-

CHOOSER CHOSEN

AARTI
AARTI

AMANDEEP
AMANDEEP

JASPREET
JASPREET

SEHAJPREET
SEHAJPREET

SIMARPREET
SIMARPREET

MADHU
MADHU
Lines represent the first preference is to aarti. It is clear from the sociometry that the most
preferred friend isaarti while amandeep is the least preferred.

SOCIOMETRIC INDICES

a. Choice status index

b. Group cohesiveness index
c. Social intensity indeed
d.choice rejection status

criswell in her study of race cleavages suggests the index of sell preferences, based
on the actual ratio between in group and out group choices and the expected ratio
based on the total no in the each group.

Choice status index

∑CSA
1. - CS(A ) = ---------
n-1

2. Where CSA= the choice status of the person

3. A;∑CA = T he sum of choices in column A
4. and n = no. of individuals in the group,
5. (n-1) is used, because one cannot choose oneself.
6. In CS(A)= 2/5= 0.4;CS(F)= 5/5 =1.0. how well or how poorly chosen in individuals is
revealed by his choice status index.

Group cohesiveness index

∑(MC)
GC = n(n-1)
2
o Where GC =group cohesiveness ;
o ∑MC=sum of mutual choices or pairs, no of individuals in the group.
o GC index is the proportion of mutual choices to the total no. of possible pairs.

EXAMPLE

o In six member group the total no. of possible pairs is 6(6-1)/2=15,

if an unlimited choice situation, there were three mutual choices, then GC= 3/15 = .20 a
low degree of cohesiveness.

o In the case of limited choice, the formula is

(MC)
GC ∑-----------
dn/2
o Where , d= no of choices each individual is permitted
5
GC = ------------ = 0.67
3 X (5/2)
 0.67, a high degree of cohesiveness

∑acceptance+∑rejection
Social intensity indeed= --------------
n-1

o Choice rejection status = ∑C-∑R.

The no. of choices minus the no. of rejections received

o Sociometric studies of communities, schools, college student bodies, camps armed

forces, and factories have been made.
o With matrix methods one can discover cliques in groups, communication and
influence channels, patterns of cohesiveness, connectedness and so on

QUESTIONS USED IN SOCIOMETRIC

 Who is the best nurse in the unit ?

 Which nurse are the most effective ? name three
 Which three nurses you like working with the best
RATING SCALE
RATING SCALE TO ASSESS WHETHER PERSON IS ANXIOUS OR RELAXED:-

A LITTLE SOME OF GOOD PART MOST OF

STATEMENT OF THE THE TIME OF THE THE TIME
TIME (3) TIME (1)
(4) (2)
1. I feel more nervous and
anxious than usual.
2. I feel afraid for no reason
at all.
3. I get upset easily or feel
panicky.
4. I feel like I’m falling apart
and going to pieces.
5. I feel that everything is all
right and nothing bad will
happen.
6. My arms and legs shake
and tremble.
7. I am bothered by
headaches neck and back
pain.
8. I feel weak and get tired
easily.
9. I feel calm and can sit still
easily.
10. I can feel my heart
beating fast.
11. I can breathe in and out
easily.
12. I get numbness and
tingling in my fingers and
toes.
13. My hands are usually dry
and warm.
14. My face gets hot and
blushes.
15. I fall asleep easily and get
a good night’s rest.

CRITERION MEASURES

50-60:- ANXIOUS
49- 39:- NORMAL
39 or below: - RELAXED