FC5462OPERATI

NGSYSTEM

Gov
ernmentPol
ytechni
c,Amr
avat
i.
(
AnAut
onomousI
nst
it
uteofGov
t.ofMahar
asht
ra)
Depar
tmentofI
nfor
mat
ionTechnol
ogy
.

Certi
fi
cate
NameofDepart
ment:Inf
or mationtechnol
ogyDepartmentThi
sistocer
tif
ythat
Name:
SaiA.Sonkhaskar.Identi
tycode18IF055hascomplet
edthepracti
cal
workofthecour seFC5462Oper ati
ngSyst
em
duri
ngtheacademi c
year2020-2021

Signat
ureoft
eacherwho Pr
of.Dr
.P.P.Karde
Dat
e- taughtt
heexaminee HeadOfDepart
ment
04/
02/
2021
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Vi
sion

 Toensureexcel
lenteducati
onenvi
ronmentwit
hthet echnical
capabil
it
yint
hef i
eldofITengi
neer
ingtoser
vev i
brantIndustr
y&
Societ
y.

Mi
ssi
on

Faci
li
tat
eSt
udent
stol
ear
nthebasi
csofI
TEngi
neer
ingent
ail
ing
t
het
echni
calgai
n.

 Tr
ainSt
udent
swi
tht
echni
calski
ll
swi
thr
ati
onalcapaci
tyt
omeet
t
her
equi
rement
sofi
ndust
rywi
tht
echnol
ogi
cal
aspect
.

 Mot
ivat
ethest
udent
sforanadv
anceknowl
edgei
nITengi
neer
ing
andot
herv
alueaddedpr
ogr
amsf
ort
hei
rhol
ist
icdev
elopment
.

I
mpar
ti
ngEt
hicalv
alues,
leader
shi
pandSoci
alv
aluei
nSt
udent
s
whi
cht
ransf
ormt
hem i
ntogoodhumanbei
ng.

 Pr
ovi
deanacademi
cenv
ironmentandconsul
tancyser
vicest
othe
i
ndust
ryandsoci
etyi
nthear
eaofI
T&Comput
erengi
neer
ing.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Sr NameofExper iment Pag

No e
. No.
1 I
nst allandconf igur eLi nux( oralike)oper ati
ngsy st em. 1
2 Ex ecute gener alpur pose commands dat e,t ime,cal ,clear,5
banner ,tt
y,script ,man.
3 Wor kwi thmul tiplelinuxt erminal sandbasi ccommands:who, 7
whoam I ,
logi n, passwd, su,pwd.
4 a)UseOper atingser vices(Edi t
or ,
GUI ,Fi
lehandl i
ng.) 10
b)Runcommandst ost art,
stop, andr estartthespeci fi
ed
ser vi
cei nLi nux .
5 Ex ecutepr ocesscommands-ps, wait,sl
eep, exit
,kill
. 15
6 Wr iteapr ogram t ocal culatetotalwai t
ingandt urnaroundt ime 16
ofnpr ocesseswi thFi rstComeFi rstSer veCPU schedul i
ng
algor i
thm.
7 Wr ite a ' C' pr ogr am t o impl ement FI FO page 19
replacemental gor it
hm.
8 Ex ecutef il
eanddi rector ymani pulat i
oncommands—l s,rm, my , 21
cp,j oin,split,cat( fil
esav i
ngandr edirecti
onoper ator),head,
tail,touch,
9 Ex ecutef i
le and di rector y mani pulati
on commands — di ff, 26
comm. ,pr,chmod,mkdi r,rmdir,cd,pwd,di r,cmp.( Usewi ld
car dchar acter).
10 Wr ite and execut e Shel lScriptby usi ng f ollowing Cont rol 30
stat ement sfeat ur es-"if'statement
11 Wr iteandex ecut e Shel lScr ipt by usi ng f oll
owi ng Cont rol 31
stat ement sfeat ur es-"for"st at
ement ,exit,
break, continue.
12 Wr iteShel lscr iptt of indoutwhet her- Fil
ehasr ead,wr ite,and 34
execut eper mi ssi ons?
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

COURSEOUTCOMES(
COs)

Att
heendoft
hiscour
se,
studentwi
l
lbeabl
eto:
-

1)I
nstalloper
at i
ngsy st
em andconf i
gureit.
2)Useoper at
ingsy st
em toolstoperformv ar
iousfunct
ions.
3)Execute pr ocess commands f or performi
ng pr ocess management
operati
ons.
4)Applyschedul ing al
gori
thmst o cal
culat
et ur
naround ti
meand av er
age
waiti
ngtime.
5)Calcul
ateeffici
encyofdiffer
entmemor ymanagementt echni
ques.
6)Applyfil
emanagementt echniques.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Pr
act
ical1:
Ai
m:Inst
all
andconf
igur
eLi
nux(
oral
i
ke)oper
ati
ngsy
stem.

Software&HardwareRequi
rement:
-mi
nimum 4gbr
am,
512gbhddor256ssd,
i3
8thgenorhi
gherpr
ocesserr
equi
red.

Pr
ocedur
e:
St
epstoi
nst
all
li
nux
:

I
nst
all
LinuxUsi
ngCD-
ROM orUSBSt
ick

Downl
oad.i
soort
heISOfil
esonacomputerfr
om thei
nter
netandst
oreiti
nthe
CD-
ROM orUSBst
ickaf
termaki
ngitboot
ableusi
ngPenDriveLi
nuxand
UNet
Booti
n

1.Booti
ntot
heUSBSt
ick

Youneedtorest artyourcomput erafteratt

achingCD–ROM orpendr i
veintothe
computer
.Pressent eratthetimeofboot ,heresel
ecttheCD-ROM orpendr ive
opt
iontostar
tt hef urt
herbootpr ocess.Tryforamanual bootsett
ingbyholding
F12keytostartthebootpr ocess.Thi swill
all
owy outoselectfr
om vari
ousboot
opt
ionsbefor
est art
ingthesy stem.Al ltheopti
onseit
heritisUSBorCDROM or
numberof 
operat ingsystems  y
ouwi l
lgetal i
stfr
om whichyouneedt oselectone.

Note:
-
Youwill
seeanewscr
eenwheny
ourcomput
erboot
supcal
l
ed“
GNUGRUB”
,a
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

bootl
oaderthathandlesi
nst
all
ati
onsforLi
nux.Thi
sscr
eenwi
l
lonl
yappeari
n
caset
hereismor ethanoneoperat
ingsyst
em.

 Sett
hekeyboardl
ayout.
 Nowy ouwi
llbeaskedWhatappswouldyoul
i
ketoinst
all
t ostar
twit
hLi
nux?
Thetwoopti
onsare‘Normal
inst
all
ati
on’
and‘
Mini
mal i
nstall
ati
on’
.

2.Der
iveSel
ect
ion

Selectt
hedr i
veforinst
all
ati
onofOStobecomplet
ed.Sel
ect“
EraseDisk
and i
nstall
Ubuntu”incaseyouwanttorepl
acet
heexi
sti
ngOSot her
wisesel
ect
“Somethingelse”opti
onandcli
ckINSTALLNOW.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

3.St
artI
nstal
lat
ion
 As mall
panelwil
laskforconfi
rmati
on.Cl
ickCont
inueincaseyoudon’
t
wanttochangeanyinf
ormat i
onprovi
ded.Sel
ecty
ourlocati
ononthemap
andinst
allLi
nux.
 Provi
dethelogi
ndetai
l
s.

4.Compl
etet
hei
nst
all
ati
onpr
ocess

Af
tert
hei
nst
all
ati
oni
scompl
etey
ouwi
l
lseeapr
omptt
orest
artt
hecomput
er.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Youcanalsodownl oaddriv
ersofyourchoicethroughtheSy st
em Setti
ngsmenu.
Justfol
lowthesesteps:
Addit
ionalDr
ivers>selectt
hegraphi
csdr i
verfrom thel
ist.
Manyusefuldriv
erswillbeavai
l
ableinthelist
,suchasWi -Fidri
vers.
Therearemanyot heropti
onsalsoavai
labl
et ouseandi nstal
lLinux

Resul
t:ThusIhav
einst
all
edandconf
igur
eLi
nux(
ubunt
u)OSbyusi
ngDual
-Boot
method.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Practical2:
Aim: Executegener
alpurposecommandsdate,
time,
cal
,cl
ear
,banner
,tt
y,scr
ipt
,
man.
Softwar eRequi
rements:
-LinuxOS,
Terminal
.
Procedur e:
-

Sr
. Commands Meani
ng
No.
1 date I
tdisplayssystem dateandt i
me
2 cal Displ
ayscalendarf orcurr
entmont
h
3 cl
ear Clear
st hescreen
4 banner Displ
aysanar gumentst ri
ngasapost
erwi
thmaxof
10char sperli
ne
5 tt
y Namet hetermi nal
6 scri
pt Recordloginsession
7 man I
tgivesmanual hel
pf oranycommand

1)$date
Output
:TueFeb215:
20:
21I
ST2021

2)$cal
Output
:
Feb2021
SuMoTuWeThFrSa
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 111213
14 1516 17 181920
21 2223 24 252627
28

3)
$clear
-
The 
clear
 commandi
susedt
ocl
eart
het
ermi
nal
scr
een.

4)
$bannerI
T
Output
:
### #######
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

### #

5)
$t t
y
Output
:/dev
/pt
s/1

6)
$scri
ptmyfi
l
e.txt
-
Scri
ptst
art
ed,f
il
eismy
fil
e.t
xt

7)
$man
-sy
ntax:$man[OPTI
ON]
..
.[COMMANDNAME]
..
.
$manpr i
ntf
Output
:

Resul
t:ThusIhav
eExecut
egener
alpur
posecommands.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Practi
cal3:
Aim: Workwit
hmulti
pleLi
nuxter
minalandbasi
ccommands:
who,
whoam i
,l
ogi
n,
passwd,su,pwd.
SoftwareRequir
ements:
-Li
nuxOS, Ter
minal
.

Procedure:
Followi
ngarebasi
cUni
xCommands:
1.who
2.whoam i
3.pwd
4.login
5.passwd
6.su

Tabl
e1:Char
act
er Sy
ntax Expl anation
Who $Who Displ aysthenamesof
alluser swhoar e
cur r
ent l
yloggedi n
whoam i $whoam i Displ aysthenameof
cur r
entuser
Pwd $Pwd Displ aysthef ul
lpat h
nameoft hecur rent
direct or
y
Logi
n $Logi
n[name] Itisusedwhen
signi ngontoa
syst em.Itcanal sobe
usedt oswi t
chf rom
oneusert oanot herat
anyt i
me
Passwd $Passwd Changet hecur rent
user ’spasswor d.The
commandpr omptf or
thenewpasswor d.
Su $Su Itisusedt oruna
commandasa
differentuser .
Examples:
1.who

Thiscommanddi
spl
ayst
hei
nfor
mat
ionofuser
swhoar
ecur
rent
lyl
oggedi
n.
Syntax:$who
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Exampl
e:

2.whoam i

Thiscommanddispl
ayst
hei
nfor
mat
ionoft
heuserwhoi
scur
rent
lyl
oggedi
n.
Syntax:$whoam i
Example:

3.pwd(
pri
ntwor
kingdi
rect
ory
)

Thiscommanddi
spl
ayst
heabsol
utepat
hoft
hecur
rentwor
kingdi
rect
ory
.
Syntax:$pwd
Example:

4.l
ogi
n

Tologintothesy st
em asuserabc,ent
erthef
oll
owingattheloginprompt
Syntax:$l
ogin:abc
I
fapasswor disdefined,
thepasswordpromptappear
s.Enteryourpasswor
dat
thi
sprompt.

5.passwd

Thiscommandchangest heol
dpasswor
doft
hecur
rentusert
othenewone.
Syntax:$passwd
Changi ngpasswordfortheuserpr
amod.
Changi ngpasswordforpramod
(Current)UNIXpassword:
Newpasswor d:
Retypenewpasswor d:
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

$
Exampl
e:

6.su
Thesu( shor tforsubst i
tuteorswi tchuser )util
i
tyall
owsy outoruncommands
withanot heruser ’
spr i
vil
eges, bydef aul
tther ootuser.
Usingsui sthesimpl estwayt oswi tchtot headmi ni
str
ati
v eaccountinthecurr
ent
l
oginsessi on.Thisisespeci all
yhandywhent herootuserisnotall
owedt ologin
tothesy stem throughorusi ngt heGUIdi splaymanager
Wheni nv okedwi thoutanyopt ion,thedef aultbehavi
ourofsui storunan
i
nteracti
v eshel l
asr oot:
Syntax: $su
Youwi llbepr ompt edtoent ert herootpasswor d,andifauthenti
cated,t
heuser
runningthecommandt empor ari
lybecomesr oot.
Toconf i
r mt hattheuseri schanged, usethewhoam i command:
Syntax:$whoam i
Exampl e:

Thecommandwi
l
lpr
intt
henameoft
heuserr
unni
ngt
hecur
rentshel
lsessi
on:
root
.

Resul
t:ThusIhav
eexecut
edbasi
ccommandi
nter
minal
ofl
i
nux.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Pr
act
ical4:

Aim: a)UseOper ati

ngser vi
ces( Editor,
GUI ,
FileHandli
ng.)
b)Runcommandst ostart
,stopandr estar
tthespecialser
viceinLi
nux.
Theor y
:
a)UseOper ati
ngser v
icesEdi t
or:
SoftwareRequi rement s:-Li
nuxOS, Terminal.
Procedur e:
Therear emanyway stoeditfil
esi nUni xorLinux.Theseedit
orsenableyout
oedit
l
inesincont extwi thotherli
nesint hef i
le.Youcanal sousetheseedit
orstoj
ust
readat extfil
e.
Animpr ov edversionoft hevieditor,VIM( ViIMproved)isavail
abl
enow.
ViEditor:
Studythecommandsandexecut ethesame.
i
)InputmodeCommands

Command Function
i Insert
st exttoleftofcur sor
l Insert
st extatbegi nningof
cursor
a Appendst exttorightofcur sor
A Appendst extatendofl i
ne
o Opensl i
nebel ow
O Opensl i
neabov e
r
ch Replacessi nglechar acterunder
cursorwi t
hchar act er
R Replacest extfrom cur sorto
right
s Replacessi nglechar acterunder
sursorwi t
hanynumberof
characters
S Replacesent ir
el i
ne

i
i
)Pagi
ngFunct
ions

Command Funct
ion
<cont
rol
-f
> Scrol
l
sfull
page
for
ward
<cont
rol
-b> Scrol
l
sfull
page
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

backward
<cont
rol
-d> Scrol
lshal
fpage
downwards
<cont
rol
-u> Scrol
lshal
fpage
upwards
<cont
rol
-l
> Redrawspagescreen

i
i
i)Cur
sorMov
ementCommands

Command Funct i
on
Horbackspace Mov escursorleft
j Mov escursordown
k Mov escursorup
l Mov escursorright
$ Mov escursortoendof
l
ine
b Mov escursorbackt o
beginningofwor d
e Mov escursorforwardto
endofwor d
w Mov escursorforwardto
beginningofwor d
^ Mov escursortobeginni
ng
offirstwordofline
0orl Mov escursortobeginni
ng
ofline
iv. Commandsf
orDel
eti
on, changingandYanking

Command

Function
D$orD Deletesf r
om cursorto
endofl ine
5dd Deletesf i
veli
nes
d30G Deletesf r
om cursorup
toli
nenumber30
co Changesf r
om cursorto
beginningofline
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

c$orC Changesf rom cursorto

endofli
ne
3cworc3w Changest hreewor ds
cc Changescur rentli
ne
cG Changesf rom cursorto
endofli
ne
y
$orY Yanksfrom cur sorto
endoffil
e
3y
wory
3w Yanksthreewor dsfr
om
cur
sorposi ti
on
5y
y Yanksfi
v elines

v
)Yanki
ng(
copy
ingt
ext
)usi
ngy
y

yycommandy anksacopyofcur r
entlinei nt
oabuffer
P commandput sl i
neinbufferaftercursor
pcommandput slineinbuff
erbef orecur sor
“r
egYYyanksal i
nei nt
obufferregisterreg.
n”r
egYYyanksnlinesintobufferregisterreg.
“r
egPput
st hecontentsofregisterregaf tercur
sor
.

vi
)ColonModeCommands
Savi
ngtextandqui
ti
ngv
i

Commands Acti
ons
:
w Savesfi
lesandremainsin
edi
tingmode
:
x Savesfi
lesandquit
sediti
ng
mode
:
wq Savesfi
lesandquit
sediti
ng
mode
:
q Quit
sediti
ngmodewhenno
changesaremadet ofi
le
:
sh Escapetotheunixshel
l

vi
i)Setoptionsusedbyv
i i
ncol
onmode/exmode
Option Abbr
evi
ati
on Signi
fi
cance
Autoindent ai Nextli
nestart
satthe
previ
ousindent
ed
I
gnor ecase i
c Ignor
ecasewhi l
e
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

searchi ngf orpat ter

ns
Magi
c magi
c Treatst hechar acters
ofther egular
expressi onsetspeci al
whilesear chingfor
patterns
Number nu Display sl i
nenumber
onscr een
Showmode showmode Display scur rentmode
Showmatch sm Showsamoment ari
ly
themat cht oa)and}
Tabstop t
s Setst abf ordisplay
wrapscan ws Count ingpat tern
searchbymov ingt o
theot herendofaf i
le

i
)Abbr eviat
ionsusi ngabbrcommand: Theabbrcommandi susedt oexpand
shortstri
ngst ol ongwor ds.Theabbrcommandi nthecolonmodemapst hefirst
argumentt ot hef ollowingstring.
Forexampl e:
:abbrGPAGov er nmentPol y t
echnicAmr avat
iThi
sindicat
esthatwheny ouent er
thewor dGPAf ollowedbyakeywhi chisneit
heral
phanumericnortheunder score
character,t
hewor ds“Gov ernmentPol y
technicAmravati
”wouldbesubst itut
edi n
placeofthest r
ing.
i
i)Mapcommand: Mapcommandi scolonmodecommandusedt oassi gn
undefinedkey sorr eassigndef i
nedonessot hatwhensuchakeyi spr essed, i
t
expandsi ttoacommandsequence.I tisparti
cul
arl
yusefult
oconver tasequence
ofkeystrokesi ntoamacr o.Intheexmode( :mode),
themapcommandi s
foll
owedbyt hekeywhi chneedsmappi ngandthekeysequencewhi chismapped.

GUI :
Linuxsyst
em pr
ovidesbotht
heint
erfacethatisGUIandCLI.Asperthe
requir
ementyoucandecidewhenyoushoul duseLinuxcommandlineint
erf
ace
(CLI)andwhenyoushoulduseagraphicaluseri
nterf
ace(GUI
).

Fi
leHandl
i
ng:

AlldatainLinuxi sorganizedintofil
es.Allf
ilesareorganizedint
odi rectori
es.
Thesedi r
ect ori
esar eorganizedint
oat ree-
likestruct
urecall
edt hef i
lesystem.
Wheny ouwor kwi t
hLi nux,onewayoranot her ,
youspendmostofy ourti
me
wor ki
ngwi thfil
es.
I
nLi nux,therearet hreebasictypesoffil
es−
OrdinaryFil
es−Anor dinaryfi
leisafil
eont hesy stem t
hatcontainsdat a,tex
t,or
program instructi
ons.Int hi
stutori
al,
youlookatwor ki
ngwi t
hor dinaryfil
es.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Dir
ectori
es−Direct
ori
esstorebothspeci al
andordinaryf
il
es.Forusersfamil
iar
withWindowsorMacOS, Linuxdirectori
esareequival
enttofol
ders.
Special
Fil
es−Somespeci alfi
l
espr ovideaccesstohardwaresuchashar ddriv
es,
CD-ROM dri
ves,modems,andEt hernetadapter
s.Otherspeci
alfi
lesaresimil
arto
al
iasesorshort
cutsandenableyout oaccessasinglefil
eusingdiff
erentnames.

b)Runcommandst ostart
,st
opandr est
artt
hespeci
al ser
vicei
nLi
nux.
Foll
owi
ngaretheprocesscommands:
Commandt oaddandr emoveser
vicesinyoursy
stem star
t-
up:
Usechkconfi
g
.
Torest
artservi
ce–
sudoserv
iceapache2rest
art

Tostoptheservi
ce–
sudoser
viceapache2st
op

Tostar
ttheservi
ce–
sudoser
viceapache2st
art
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

PracticalNo5:
Aim: Executeprocesscommands-ps, wai
t,sl
eep,
exi
t,ki
l
l.
Softwar eRequirements:-Li
nuxOS,Ter
minal.
Procedur e:
-
Steps:-
1.Startthepc/laptopandbootint
oLinuxOS.
2.Opent er
minal f
orexecuti
onofcommands.

1)PS:
-Thiscommandst andsfor'Pr
ocessStat
us'
.I
tissi
mil
artothe"Task
Manager"thatpop-
upsi
naWi ndowsMachinewhenweuseCnt r
l+Al
t+Del
.This
commandi ssimil
arto'
top'commandbuttheinfor
mati
ondispl
ayedisdif
fer
ent.

2)
Wait:
-wai
tisabui
l
t-i
ncommandofLi
nuxt
hatwai
tsf
orcompl
eti
nganyr
unni
ng
pr
ocess.

3)Sleep:-Sleepcommandisusedtodelayf
orafixedamountofti
meduringthe
executionofanyscri
pt
4)Exit:
-exitcommandinli
nuxisusedtoexi
ttheshell
whereiti
scurr
ent
lyrunni
ng
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

5)Ki
ll
:-ki
llcommandinLinux(l
ocat
edin/
bin/
kil
l
),i
sabui
l
t-i
ncommandwhi
chi
s
usedtoterminat
eprocessesmanual
ly
.

Resul
t:
-ThusIhav
eexecut
edpr
ocesscommands-ps,
wai
t,sl
eep,
exi
t,ki
l
lonl
i
nux
ter
minal
.

Practi
calNo.6:
Aim: Wri
teapr ogr am t
ocalculat
et otalwaiti
ngandt urnaroundti
meofn
processeswithFi rstComeFi r
stSer v
eCPUschedul i
ngalgorit
hm.
SoftwareRequi rements:Li
nuxOS, Termi nal
,edit
or,GCC+.
Procedure:
-
Steps:-
1.Startt
hepc/ laptopandbooti ntoLinuxOS.
2.Opent er
mi nal f
orexecut
ionofpr ogr am
3.Openedi t
orandwr it
ecodeandsav einto.
cext ensi
on.
4.Compi l
ewi thgccosos. ccommandont erminal
5.Runbyusi ng. /oscommandont erminal.
6.Outputwillbedi spl
ayont er
mi nal

Code:
#include<stdio.
h>
voidf i
ndWai t
ingTi
me(intpr
ocesses[
],i
ntn,
i
ntbt []
,intwt[]
)
{
wt[0]=0;
for(i
nti =1; i<n;i++)
wt[i
]=bt [
i-
1]+wt [
i-
1];
}
voidf i
ndTurnAroundTi
me(intprocesses[
],
intn,
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

i
ntbt []
,intwt [],i
ntt at[])
{
for(inti =0; i <n; i++)
tat
[i]=bt [i]+wt [i]
;
}
voidf i
ndav gTi me(i ntpr ocesses[],intn,i
ntbt[
])
{
i
ntwt [
n], tat[n] ,total_wt=0, total
_tat=0;
fi
ndWai ti
ngTi me( processes, n,bt
, wt);
fi
ndTur nAr oundTi me( processes, n,bt,wt,t
at)
;
pri
nt f(
"Pr ocessesBur stt i
meWai tingtimeTurnaroundt
ime\
n")
;
for(inti=0; i
<n; i++)
{
total_wt=t ot al _wt+wt [i]
;
total_t
at=t ot al_tat+t at[i
];
pri
nt f(
"%d" ,(i+1) )
;
pri
nt f(
"%d" , bt [
i]);
pri
nt f(
"%d" ,wt [
i]);
pri
nt f(
"%d\ n" ,tat[i
]) ;
}
i
nts=( float )tot al_wt/( float)n;
i
ntt =(fl
oat )
t ot al_t
at/( float)n;
pri
nt f(
"Av er agewai ti
ngt ime=%d" ,
s);
pri
nt f(
"\n" );
pri
nt f(
"Av er aget urnar oundt i
me=%d" ,t
);
}
i
ntmai n()
{
i
ntpr ocesses[ ]={1, 2, 3};
i
ntn=si zeofpr ocesses/si zeofprocesses[0]
;
i
ntbur st _time[ ]={ 10, 5, 8};
fi
ndav gTi me( processes, n,burst_ti
me) ;
ret
ur n0;
}

Out
put
:
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Result:ThusIhav
eexecutedthepr
ogr
am tocal
cul
atet
otalwai
ti
ngand
turnar
oundt i
meofnprocesseswit
hFi
rstComeFir
stServ
eCPUscheduli
ng
algori
thm.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Practi
calNo.7:
Aim: Wri
tea'C' program t
oimplementFI FOpager epl
acemental
gor
it
hm.
SoftwareRequi rements:Li
nuxOS, Terminal
,edit
or,GCC+.
Procedure:
-
Steps:-
1.Startt
hepc/ laptopandbootintoLinuxOS.
2.Opent er
mi nal f
orexecuti
onofprogram
3.Openedi t
orandwr it
ecodeandsav einto.cextensi
on.
4.Compi l
ewi thgccosos. ccommandont erminal
5.Runbyusi ng. /oscommandont er
mi nal
.
6.Outputwillbedi spl
ayonterminal

Code:
#include<stdio.h>
i
ntmai n()
{
i
ntr eference_string[10],
page_fault
s=0, m,n,s,
pages,
frames;
printf
("\nEnterTot alNumberofPages: \t
");
scanf (
"%d" ,
&pages) ;
printf
("\nEnterval uesofRef er
enceStr
ing:\
n")
;
for(m =0; m <pages; m++)
{
printf
("ValueNo.[ %d]:
\t"
,m +1) ;
scanf (
"%d" ,
&refer ence_str
ing[
m]);
}
printf
("\nEnterTot alNumberofFr ames:\t"
);
}
scanf (
"%d" ,
&frames) ;
}
i
ntt emp[ fr
ames] ;
for(m =0; m <f rames; m++)
{
temp[ m]=- 1;
}
for(m =0; m <pages; m++)
{s=0;
for(n=0; n<f rames; n++)
{
i
f(reference_stri
ng[ m]==t emp[n])
{
s++;
page_ fault
s--;
}
}
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

page_fault
s++;
i
f((page_f
ault
s<=f r
ames)&&( s==0))
{
temp[m]=r ef
erence_st
ri
ng[m];
}
elseif(
s==0)
{
temp[(page_f
ault
s-1)%f rames]=r
efer
ence_
str
ing[
m];
}
print
f("
\n")
;

for
(n=0; n<f rames;n++)
{
pri
ntf
("%d\t"
,temp[n]
);
}
}
pri
ntf
("\nTot
al PageFault
s:\
t%d\
n",
page_
faul
ts)
;
ret
urn0;
}
Output:

Resul
t:ThusIhav
eexecut
eda'
C'pr
ogr
am t
oimpl
ementFI
FOpager
epl
acement
al
gori
thm.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

PracticalNo.8:
Aim: Executefi
leanddi r
ector
ymanipul
ationcommands—l s,r
m,my
,cp,
joi
n,spl
i
t
,cat( fi
lesavi
ngandr edir
ecti
onoperat
or),head,
tai
l
,touch.
Softwar eRequirements:Li
nuxOS,Terminal.
Procedur e:
-
Steps:-
1.Startthepc/laptopandbootint
oLinuxOS.
2.Opent er
minal f
orexecuti
onofcommands.

1)
Ls:Thi
scommanduset
oli
stofal
li
temspr
esenti
nthecur
rentdi
rect
ory
.

2)
Rm:
Thi
scommanduset
oremov
efi
l
eint
hecur
rentdi
rect
ory
.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

3)
Mv:Thi
scommanduset
omov efi
l
esinonedi
rect
oryt
oanotherone.
4)
Cp:Thi
scommanduset
ocopysel
ect
edfil
edatai
ntoanot
herfi
le.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

5)Join:Thi
scommandusetojoinonefi
l
edatatoanotheronel
ikeonef
il
econtent
1,2,
3,4andanot
heronecont
ainsABC,BCD, CDEthenthi
scommandassignthe
value1,
2,3,
4toABC,BCD,CDE,CDE,r
espect
ivel
yandsavedinanot
herf
il
e.

6)
Spl
it
:Thi
scommanduset
ospl
i
tthef
il
esi
nxaaf
il
eaut
omat
ical
l
y.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

7)
Cat
:Thi
scommanddi
spl
aysal
lpr
esentv
aluesi
nsel
ect
edf
il
eont
ermi
nal
.

8)Head:Thi
scommanddi
spl
ayst
hepr
esentv
aluesi
nfi
l
esupt
oindex10i
n
sequent
ial
ly
.

9)Tai
l:Thiscommanddi
spl
ayst
hepr
esentv
aluesi
nfi
l
esupt
oindex10i
n
descendingorder
.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

10)
Touch:
Thi
scommanduset
ocr
eat
enewf
il
esi
ndi
rect
ory
.

Result
:ThusIhaveexecut
eddir
ectorymanipul
ati
oncommands—l s,r
m,my
,cp,
j
oin,spl
it
,cat(
fi
lesav
ingandr
edirect
ionoperat
or)
,head,
tai
l
,touch.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

PracticalNo.9:
Aim: Executefil
eanddi r
ect
orymani pul
ationcommands—di
ff
,comm.
,pr
,chmod,
mkdir, r
mdir,cd,pwd,dir
,cmp.(Usewi l
dcar dchar
act
er)
.
Softwar eRequirements:Li
nuxOS, Terminal.
Procedur e:
-
Steps:-
1.Startthepc/ l
aptopandbootintoLinuxOS.
2.Opent er
minal f
orexecut
ionofcommands.

1)
Dif
f:Thi
scommanduset
ofi
nddi
ff
erencebet
weeni
nfi
l
es.

2)
Comm:
Thi
scommanduset
ofi
ndcommonv
aluepr
esenti
nfi
l
es.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

3)
Pr:Thi
scommanduset
odef
inev
aluesi
nthef
il
esi
nrows.

4)
Chmod:
Thi
scommanduset
ochanget
heper
missi
onoff
il
e.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

5)
Mkdi
r:Thi
scommanduset
omakef
olderi
ncur
rentdi
rect
ory
.

6)
Rmdi
r:Thi
scommanduset
odel
etef
olderi
ncur
rentdi
rect
ory
.

7)
Cd:Thi
scommanduset
ogobackt
orootf
olderf
orm cur
rentdi
rect
ory
.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

8)
Dir
:Thi
scommanddi
spl
ayal
ldi
rect
oryandf
il
escont
ainsi
ncur
rentl
ocat
ion.

9)
Cmp:Thi
scommanduset
ocompar
ethef
il
esi
nby
te.

Resul
t:Ihav
eex ecut
eddir
ect
orymani
pul
ati
oncommands—di f
f,comm.
,pr
,
chmod,mkdir,
rmdir,
cd,pwd,
dir,
cmp.(
Usewil
dcar
dcharact
er).
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Practi
calNo10:
Aim: Wr i
teandex ecut eShellScri
ptbyusingf ol
l
owingContr
olstat
ements
feat
ures-" i
f'statement ”.
Softwar eRequi rement s:LinuxOS, Terminal,
Edit
or.
Procedur e:
-
Steps:-
1.Startthepc/ lapt opandbooti ntoLinuxOS.
2.Opent er
mi nal forexecutionofcommands.
3.Openedi torcr eat efi
lewith.shExtension.
4.Wr i
teacodei nf i
le.
5.Savei t
6.Opent er
mi nal andt ypebash-ffil
ename. shandpressent
erbutt
onfor
execution.
7.Outputdi splayont erminal.

Code:
a=10
b=20
i
f[$a==$b]
then
echo“ai
sequalt
ob”
fi
i
f[$a!=$b]
then
echo“ai
snotequal
tob”
fi
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Out
put
:-

Result
:Ihaveexecut
edShel
lScr
iptbyusi
ngf
oll
owi
ngCont
rol
stat
ement
s
feat
ures-"
if
'st
atement”
.

Practi
calNo11:
Aim: Wr i
teandex ecut eShellScri
ptbyusingf ol
l
owingContr
olstat
ements
feat
ures-" f
or"st atement ,exit
,br
eak,continue.
Softwar eRequi rement s:LinuxOS, Terminal,
Edit
or.
Procedur e:
-
Steps:-
1.Startthepc/ lapt opandbooti ntoLinuxOS.
2.Opent er
mi nal forexecutionofcommands.
3.Openedi torcr eat efi
lewith.shExtension.
4.Wr i
teacodei nf i
le.
5.Savei t
6.Opent er
mi nal andt ypebash-ffil
ename. shandpressent
erbutt
onfor
execution.
7.Outputdi splayont erminal.

Code:
1)Forl
oop:

forii
n{1..5}
;
do
echo“Number :
$i”
done
echo“AlldonebyAnandKal
e”
Output:
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

2)Breakst at
ement:Thi
sst
atementuset
obr
eakt
hel
oopaf
tercondi
ti
oni
str
ue.
Code:
forii
n{1..10}
;
do
echo“Number :$i”
i
f[[$i-eq6]];then
break
fi
done
echo“AlldonebyAnandKal
e”
Output:
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

3)Cont i
nuestatement
:Thi
sstat
ementuset
oski
pthev
aluewhi
chi
spr
esenti
nif
condit
ion.
Code:
forii
n{ 1..
10}
;
do
i
f[[$i-eq6]];then
conti
nue
fi
echo“Number :$i”
done
echo“Al l
donebyAnandKale”
Output:

Result
:Ihaveex
ecutedShel
lScr
iptbyusi
ngf ol
l
owi
ngCont
rol
stat
ement
s
feat
ures-"
for
"st
atement,
exi
t,br
eak,cont
inue.
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Practi
calNo12:
Aim: Wr i
teShel lscr i
pttofi
ndoutwhet her-Fi
lehasr
ead,wri
te,
andexecute
permissions?
Softwar eRequi rement s:Li
nuxOS,Ter minal,
Edit
or.
Procedur e:
-
Steps:-
1.Startthepc/ lapt opandbootint
oLi nuxOS.
2.Opent er
mi nal forexecut
ionofcommands.
3.Openedi torcr eat efi
lewit
h.shExtension.
4.Wr i
teacodei nf i
le.
5.Savei t
6.Opent er
mi nal andt y
pebash-ffi
lename. shandpressent
erbut
tonfor
execution.
7.Outputdi splayont ermi
nal.

Code:
echo-n“Enterf
il
ename: ”
readfi
le
[-
w$fil
e]&&W =” Writ
e=y es”|
|W =”Wri
te=No”
[-
x$fi
le]&&X=” Ex ecute=yes”|
|X=”Execut
e=No”
[-
r$fi
l
e]&&R=” Read=y es”|
|R=”Read=No”
echo“$fi
lepermissions”
echo“$W”
echo“$R”
echo“$X”
echo“AlldonebyAnandKal e”

Out
put
:-
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

Result
:-Ihaveexecut
edShel
lscr
iptt
ofi
ndoutwhet
her-
Fil
ehasr
ead,
wri
te,
and
execut
eper missi
ons?
FC5462OPERATI
NGSYSTEM