I

sabel
aStat
eUniversi
ty
Sanfabi
an,
Echague,I
sabela

LawEnforcement
organi
zati
onand
Adminis
trat
ion
(
RANo.
6975,
RANo. 8551andRANo.
9708)

AnI
nst
ruct
ional
Mat
eri
al

Wi
ndowsUs
er
I
nst
ruct
or

Fir
stSemester
SchoolYear201
9-2020
SYLLABUS
(
Summar
yOut
li
nef ort
heCour
seofSt
udy)

Cours
eTit
le
LawEnfor
cementOr
gani
zat
ionAndAdmi
nis
trat
ion
 I
SABELASTATEUNI
VERSI
TY ECHAGUE

Cour s
eDes cripti
on
Thi
scour sedealswi t
hthepr inci
plesunder
lyi
ngthePoli
ceor
ganizat
ionandmanagementwhi
ch
focuspar t
icularl
yont hecr eati
onofPNPt ogetherwi
ththeprevi
ouslawsr el
ati
ngt
her
eto.I
tal
so
discussesthepr oceduresandgui del
inesinmakingPoli
ceOperat
ionalPlansasoneofthemaj
or
functi
onsint hePNPAdmi ni
str
ati
on.

Gener
alObjectives
Att
heendoft hecour s
e,thest udentsshouldbeablet o:
1. DiscoverandUnder standt heOr i
ginandHi st
oryofPoliceForce;
2. Be Acquai nted and Knowl edgeable on Pol i
ce Managementand Admi ni
str
ation i
n
accor dancewi thRepubl i
cActNo. 6975,Republ i
cActNo. 8551andRepublicActNo.9708;
3. Under s t
andt heSigni
ficanceandI mpor t
anceofPl anni
ng;
4. I
dent ifyandunder st
andi ntell
i
gentlytheDi ff
erentTypesofPol i
cePlanandt heStepsin
Pl
anni ng’
5. Appr eciatetheeffecti
venes sofplaninrelat
iontoitsimpli
cati
on;and
6. Beawar eonwhatt ododur ingdi s
astersandman- madeemer genci
esbasedonPNP
Standar dOper ati
onPr ocedures.

Rat i
onale
Organi zationhasbeendef i
nedasapr oces sofcons tructi
nganagenci esor ganizat i
onaland
functionals et-up t o make i tmor e viablei nt erms ofeconomy,ef fi
ciency,ef f
ectivenes s and
respons i
venes soft heneedsofi t
spubl icclient ele.
Thepr imor dialpurpos eofpol i
ceor ganizat i
oni st oexhaus titsef for tt olayt heframewor kwi thi
n
whi chcont inuousi nnovat i
on,renewalandr ebi rthoft hePNPor gani zationcanoccuri nordert omor e
effecti
velyandef fi
cient l
yaccompl ishitsgoal .
Ont heot herhandpol i
ceplanni nges sent i
al l
ypr ovidest heframewor ksormechani s
mf orkeeping
theor ganizat ionpl i
able(yiel
dingt ocons t
antr enewalandchange)andvi able(stri
vingt owar dgoal
accompl ishment ).
Thepl ani sdes ignatedt osus t
ainor gani zationalef fecti
venes sandef f
iciencybywayofi niti
ating,
creating,andconf rontingneededchangess oast omakei tpossiblef ort heor ganizati
ont obecomeor
remai nviabl e,t oadaptt onew condi ti
ons ,tos olvepr oblemsandt ol ear nexper ience.Att hehear tof
theef fortist heconcer nf orthevi tali
zing,ener gi
zi ng,act uali
zationt hr oughhumanandt echnical
resources.
Thepr imeobj ecti
veofanef fectivepol i
ceper s onneladmi ni
s trationi sthees t
ablishmentand
mai ntenancef ort hepubl i
cserviceofacompet entwel l-t
rainedpol icef or ceunders uchcondi t
ionsof
wor kthatt hisf orcemaybecompl etelyloyal tot hei nt erestofthegover nmentofal lt
imes .

Cour
seCont
ent
s

Chapt
erIHi
stori
calBackgroundofPoli
ceOrgani
zat
ionandAdmi
nis
trat
ion
Less
on1.Terminologi
estoPonder
Less
on2.Evoluti
onofPoli
cingint
heWor l
d
Less
on3.TheEpi t
omeofPol i
ceServi
cei
nthePhi
li
ppi
ne

Chapt
erIIPol
i
ceOr ganizati
onandManagement
Less
on1 .
Nat ur
ePol i
ceServiceandFunct
ions
Less
on2. Pri
nci
pleofPoliceOrgani
zati
on
Less
on3. Pol
iceManagement
Less
on4. Pol
iceProducti
vityandManagerial
Per
for
mance

ChapterI
IISal
i
entFeat
uresofRepubl
i
cActNo.6975
Rel
atedtoPNPwi t
hRepubli
cActNo.8551Amendment
s

2 LawEnforcementOrgani
zat
ionandAdmini
str
ati
onInst
ruct
ional
Mat
eri
al Fr
ankli
nS.Ramir
ez,
M.S.
Cri
m.
“Thi
sisf
orcri
minol
ogical
purpos
esandther
eforenotf
orsal
e.” SchoolYear201
9-2020
 I
SABELASTATEUNI
VERSI
TY ECHAGUE

Les
son1.
TheOr ganizati
onandAdmi ni
str
ationoft
hePNP
Les
son2.Prof
essi
onalis
m, Welf
areandBenef i
ts
Les
son3.Adminis
trati
veDisci
pli
naryMachi nery
Les
son4.Part
ici
pationofLocalExecuti
vesintheAdmi
nis
trat
ionoft
hePNP

Chapt
erIVSalientfeat
uresofRepubl i
cActNo. 8551
(NewProvi
si
onsnowher einRAno. 6975)
Lesson1.
Reor gani
zat i
onoft hePhil
ippi
neNat i
onalPol
i
ce(PNP)
Lesson2.Women' sDes ksandt heGenderSens i
ti
vit
yProgr
am
Lesson3.I
nternalAffairsServi
ce(I
AS)
Lesson4.Attr
iti
onSys tem forUnif
ormedPer s
onnel
Lesson5.Sali
entFeat uresofNAPOLCOM Memor andum Ci
rcul
arNo.2007-009
Lesson6.Sali
entFeat uresofNAPOLCOM Memor andum Ci
rcul
ar2008-003
Lesson7.Sali
entFeat uresofNAPOLCOM Memor andum Ci
rcul
ar2008-016
Lesson8.Sali
entFeat uresofRepublicActNo.9708

Chapt
erV.Nati
onalPoli
ceCommi ssi
on( NAPOLCOM)
Less
on1.Creat
ionandCompos it
ion
Less
on2.PowersandFunct i
onsoftheCommi ss
ion
Less
on3.Quali
ficat
ionsandTerm ofOff
iceofCommis
sioner
s
Less
on4.Organizati
onalSt
ruct
ure

Chapt
erVI.
Poli
ceOper at
ionalPlanning
Less
on1.TermstoPonder
Less
on2.NatureofPoli
cePl anni
ng
Less
on3.StandardOper at
ingProcedure( SOPS)
Less
on4.Decisi
onMaki ng:AnEs sent
ialElementi
nPl
anni
ng
Less
on5.Disast
erandEmer gencyPlanning

Appendi
ces

Appendi
xA.Poli
ceOrgani
zat
ionalStr
ucture
Appendi
xB.NAPOLCOM Organizat
ionalSt
r ucture
Appendi
xC.NAPOLCOM Memor andum Cir
cul arNo.2007-
009
Appendi
xD.NAPOLCOM Memor andum Circular2008-003
Appendi
xE.NAPOLCOM Memor andum Cir
cul ar2008-
016
Appendi
xF.Republ
icActNo.4864
Appendi
xG.Republ
icActNo.6975
Appendi
xH.Republ
icActNo.8551
Appendi
xI.
Republi
cActNo.9708

3 LawEnforcementOrgani
zat
ionandAdmini
str
ati
onInst
ruct
ional
Mat
eri
al Fr
ankli
nS.Ramir
ez,
M.S.
Cri
m.
“Thi
sisf
orcri
minol
ogical
purpos
esandther
eforenotf
orsal
e.” SchoolYear201
9-2020
 I
SABELASTATEUNI
VERSI
TY ECHAGUE

Chapt
erI
Hi
stor
ical
Backgr
oundofPol
iceOr
gani
zat
ionandAdmi
nis
trat
ion

“
Thepol i
ceoffi
ceri st
hef i
rstinterpreterofthel awandi neffectper
for
msaquas i
-j
udici
al functi
on. Hemakest he
fi
rstattemptt omat chther eal i
tyofhumanconf l
ictwit
ht helaw;hedet ermineswhet hertot akenoact ion,to
advice,towar nortoar rest;hedet ermineswhet herhemus tappl
yphys ical
force,perhapss uff
ici
enttocaus e
deat h.I
tishewhomus tdis cernthefinedi sti
ncti
onbet weenacivilandacr iminalconf l
i
ct, betweenmer ely
unor
thodoxbehavi orandacr ime, betweenal egi t
imatedissentanddisturbanceoft hepeace, bet weent hetruth
andt helie.Astheinterpr eterofthelaw, herecognizesthatadecisiontoarrestisonlyt hef i
rsts
tepint he
determi nati
onofgui ltorinnocence. Heisguidedbyandguar dianof ,thecons t
it
ution”

- Tas
kfor
ceont
hepol
i
ce
Less
on1
Ter
minologi
est
oPonder

Organizati
on
Itisanassociat
ionorgroupofindi
vidual
swit
hacommongoal .Iti
sthestr
uctur
alofindi
vidual
sand
funct
ionsintoapr oducti
verel
ati
onshi
p.A consci
ous
lycoor
dinat
edsoci
alent
it
y,wit
har elat
ivel
yidenti
fi
abl
e
boundary,thatf
uncti
onsonar el
ati
vel
yconti
nuousbasi
stoachi
eveacommongoalorset
sofgoals.

Poli
ceOr gani
zati
on
Iti
sas t
ruct
uredgroupoftrai
nedpers
onneli
nthefi
eldofpubli
csaf
etyadmi
nis
trat
ionengagedinthe
achievementofgoalsandobj
ect
ives.I
tal
soref
erst
oanumberofpol
iceuni
tss
yst
emati
call
yarr
angedforsome
purposeorobject
ive.

Admini
str
ation
I
treferst
othegeneralmanagi
ngandorganizi
ngthatoccur
satt
hehi
ghes
tlevelofanor
gani
zat
ion.I
t
ent
ail
sthees t
abli
shmentoft
hedepart
ment
’sover
all
pur pos
es.

Poli
ceAdmi ni
s t
rati
on
I
tisthecooperati
vehumanef fortt
oachievethepurpos esoftheCriminalJusti
ceSys t
em. Ital
soreferstothe
st
udyofpr ocessesandconditi
onsofl awenforcementast hepil
laroft
heCr iminalJust
iceSystem.
Itisbasi
callyanor gani
zati
onalpr oces
sconcernedwi t
ht heimplementat i
onofobj ecti
vesandpl ans
,and
i
nternaloperating ef
fi
ciencyoft hepol i
ceor gani
zati
on;-i toften connotest hebur eaucrati
cs t
ructureand
behavior,rel
ativel
yr outi
ne decision-
making and mai ntenance oft he internals t
atus quo int he pol i
ce
organizat
ion.
I
tisthestudyofprocessesandt hecondit
ionsofLawEnf orcementasthepi ll
aroftheCr i
minalJusti
ceSys t
em.

Poli
ceManagement
I
tisthe ar
tormannerofadminis
ter
ing,cont
rol
l
ing,orhandli
ng al
lthe var
iousaspect
soft he pol
ice
organi
zat
ion;–the s
kil
l
fulus
e ofmeansto accompl
ishthe t
ask,pur
pose orobject
ive ofa pol
i
ce uni
tor
organi
zat
ion

Ot
herTer
mst
oPonder

1
. Contr
oll
i
ng-I tistheproces
sofestabl
is
hingperf
ormancest
andardsbasedonthefir
m'sobject
ives,
measuri
ngandr epor
ti
ngactualper
for
mance,compari
ngthetwo,andtaki
ngcor
rect
iveorpreventi
ve
act
ionasnecess
ary.

2. Depart
mentalRul
es/Pol
ici
es-I
tisar
uleses
tabl
i
shedbythepol
i
cedepar
tmentdi
rect
ors
/admi
nis
trat
ors
tocont
rol
theconductofthemember
softhepol
i
cefor
ce.

3. Directi
ngorLeadi ng-I tisinfl
uencingpeople'
sbehavi orthr
oughmot i
vati
on,communicati
on,group
dynami cs
,leadershipanddi s
cipl
ine.Thepurposeofdirecti
ngistochannelt
hebehaviorofal
lpersonnel
toaccompl i
sht heor gani
zati
on'smissionandobject
iveswhi l
esimul
taneousl
yhelpi
ngthem accomplis
h
theirowncar eerobjecti
ves.

4. DutyManual-Iti
sabookofi
nstr
ucti
onthatdes
cri
best
hepr
ocedur
esanddef
inest
hedut
iesofof
fi
cer
s
ass
ignedt
oas peci
fi
edpos
torposi
ti
on.

4 LawEnforcementOrgani
zat
ionandAdmini
str
ati
onInst
ruct
ional
Mat
eri
al Fr
ankli
nS.Ramir
ez,
M.S.
Cri
m.
“Thi
sisf
orcri
minol
ogical
purpos
esandther
eforenotf
orsal
e.” SchoolYear201
9-2020
 I
SABELASTATEUNI
VERSI
TY ECHAGUE

5. LeaveofAbsence-Iti
saspeci
fi
edper
ioddur
ingwhi
chanof
fi
ceri
sexcus
edf
rom act
ivedut
yordi
rect
part
ici
pat
ioni
npoli
cework.

6. Lengt
hofServi
ce-Iti
stheperiodoft
imet
hathasel
apsedsincet
heoat
hofof
fi
cewasadmi
nis
ter
edt
o
anoff
icer
;pr
evi
ousact
iveser
vicesmaybei
ncl
udedoradded.

7. Manage-I
tist
odi
rectorconductt
heaff
air
sorinter
estsofvari
ouspol
i
ceuni
ts;–t
ocont
rol
thedi
rect
ion,
oper
ati
on,
andbus
inessofapoli
ceuni
torthepoli
ceorganizat
ionasawhol
e.

8. MentalI
ncapacity –Iti
st he i
nabil
i
ty ofPNP unifor
med per
sonnelt
o per
for
m hi
s/herdut
iesand
r
esponsi
bil
i
tiesduetohi
s/herunf
itmentalcondi
ti
on.

9. Of
f-Dut
y-I
tist
henat
ureofwhi
cht
hepol
i
ceof
fi
cei
sfr
eef
rom s
peci
fi
crout
inedut
y.

1
0.On-Duty-Iti
stheper
iodwhenanof
fi
ceri
sact
ivel
yengagedi
ntheper
for
manceofhi
sdut
y;al
socal
l
ed
act
iveduty.

1
1. Or
der-I
tisani
nst
ruct
iongi
venbyar
anki
ngof
fi
cert
oas
ubor
dinat
ed;Gener
al,
Speci
alandPer
sonal
.

1
2.Organi
ze-Tofor
m apoliceunitf
ort hepur
pos
eofaccompl
i
shi
ngacommonobj
ect
ive;-t
oar
range
syst
emati
cal
l
yagroupofpoli
ceuni
t/s
.

1
3.Organizi
ng-Iti
stheactofsystemat
ical
l
yarrangi
ngpol
i
ceuni
tsi
nhi
erar
chi
calor
deri
nor
dert
oper
for
m
speci
fi
cfunct
ionsthusachi
evesdesi
redobj
ecti
ves
.

1
4.Physi
calI
ncapacity–Itistheinabil
it
yofPNPuni f
ormedpersonneltoper
for
m hi
s/her dut
iesand
res
ponsi
bil
i
tiesduetohi
s/herunf
itand/
orphys
ical
capaci
tyorcapabi
li
ty.

1
5.Pl
anni
ng-Itist
hementalproces
soffindi
ngadequat
es ol
uti
onstomanagementprobl
emsandt
he
pr
epar
ati
onofanout
li
neoft
hingstobedoneandhowtheywil
lbedonet
oachievedr
esul
ts.

1
6.Pol
i
ce–I tistheagencyofacommunityorgovernmentt
hati
sres
pons
ibl
eforenf
orci
ngt
hel
aw,
maint
aini
ngpubl
icor
der,
andpr
event
inganddet
ect
ingcri
me.

1
7.Pol
iceAccountabi
li
ty–Iti
stheinher
entrespons
ibi
l
ityofthepoli
ceorgani
zationtobeanswerablef
orthe
mis
conductscommi t
tedbyitsmember s
;itmayalsoref
ert othel
egalres
pons i
bil
i
tyofthepoli
ceoff
icer
s
tof
aceanycons equencethatmayaris
ewhi l
eexerci
si
ngt hei
rpowers,
dutiesandfunct
ions
.

1
8.Pol
iceFunct
ions–Iti
sthedut
iesandr
esponsi
bil
it
iesexpl
i
cit
lycar
ri
edoutbypol
i
ceagenci
est
omeett
he
demandsconcerni
ngpubli
cor
derandpubli
csafety.

1
9.Pol
i
cePol i
ti
cs–I
tisthest
udyofpubl
icadmi
nis
trat
ionoraff
airsoft
hegover
nmenti
nrel
ati
ont
opol
i
ce
matter
s;–maneuver
ingf
orpowerwit
hint
hepoli
ceorgani
zat
ion.

20.Poli
cePower–I ti
sthepowerofagover nmentt oimpos ewhati tconsi
der sreas
onablerest
ri
ctionson
theli
berti
esofit
scit
izensforthemaint
enanceofpubl icorderands af
ety;-legall
yspeaki
ng,itisthe
poweroft hegovernmentt oenactlawsorr egulat
ionsr el
ati
vet oper sonsand propert
yt hatmay
promotepubli
chealth,publi
cmoral
s,publ
icsafety,andt hegener alwelfareandconvenienceoft he
people.

21
.Pr
omot
ion–I
tisas
yst
em ofi
ncr
eas
ingt
her
ankofmemberoft
hepol
i
ces
ervi
ce.

22.Report-Itisus
ual
lyawri
tt
encommunicat
ionunl
es sot
her
wis
especi
fi
edt
obever
balr
epor
t;ver
bal
repor
tsshoul
dbeconf
ir
medbywr
it
tencommunicat
ion.

23.SpecialDut
y-Inthepoli
ces ervi
ce,iti
sthef
orm ofdut
yrequi
ri
nganof
fi
cert
obeexcus
edf
rom t
he
perf
ormanceofhi
sact
iveregularduty.

24.Si
ckLeave-Aper
iodwher
einanof
fi
ceri
sexcus
edf
rom act
ivedut
ybyr
eas
onofi
l
lnes
sori
njur
y.

5 LawEnforcementOrgani
zat
ionandAdmini
str
ati
onInst
ruct
ional
Mat
eri
al Fr
ankli
nS.Ramir
ez,
M.S.
Cri
m.
“Thi
sisf
orcri
minol
ogical
purpos
esandther
eforenotf
orsal
e.” SchoolYear201
9-2020
 I
SABELASTATEUNI
VERSI
TY ECHAGUE

25.Staff
ing-I
tisfil
l
ingandkeepi
ngf
il
ledwit
hqual
i
fiedpeopl
eallposi
ti
onsi
nthebusi
ness.Recr
uit
ing,
hir
ing,
tr
aini
ng,evaluati
ngandcompens
at i
ngaret
hespeci
fi
cact
ivi
ti
esincl
udedint
hefunct
ion.

26.Sus
pensi
on -A cons
equence ofan actthattemporar
il
ydeprivesan of
fi
cerfr
om the pr
ivi
l
ege of
per
for
minghi
sduti
esasres
ultofvi
olat
ingadir
ect
iveorot
herdepartment
alr
egul
ati
on.

Les
s on2
Evol
uti
onofPol
icingi
ntheWor
ld

A. Sumeri
ansLi
pit
hst
ar&Es
humma(
2300B.
C)–s
ets
tandar
dsonwhatcons
tit
utedanof
fens
eagai
nsts
oci
ety–
TheSumeri
anCode.

B. Babyl
oni
ans(
2100B.
C)–CodeofKi
ngHammur
abi
–Pr
inci
pleLEXTALI
ONES–ol
des
thar
shcode.

C. Egypt
ians(1500B.C)–Courtsyst
em presi
dedby j
udgesappoi
ntedbythePharoah;Mar
inepat
rol& cus
tom
houseoffi
cersprotecti
ngcommer cestart
ed;f
ir
stuseofdogpat rol
;Medjays–civi
li
anpoli
ceundert he
commandofami li
tar
y.
AncientGreece–Ephori–l
awenf or
cers

D. Anci
entRome–1 2Tabulae(12TABLES)–thefi
rstwri
tt
enlaws,EmperorAugust
us–createdthepraet
ori
an
guard,ur
bancohort
s(cit
ypat r
ol)
,andthevigi
l
es(fi
refi
ghter
s);emperorj
ust
ini
an–just
iniancodebecame
knownascorpusj
uri
scivi
li
s(bodyoflaw)

NOTA BENE:VI
GILES –
fir
stci
vil
i
an pol
i
cef
orcewhi
ch keep t
hepeacever
yrut
hles
sly,hencet
hewor
d
vi
gil
ant
es.

E. Duri
ng theAngl
o-Saxon (
Anci
entEngl
and)Per
iod (
600-
1066ad)
,thef
oll
owi
ng Pol
i
cing Sys
temswer
e
pr
acticed:

a. Thanes:I
twasunderKi ngAlfr
edt heGr eatt
hatat ypeofi nternalpol
iceforceevolved.Al
fr
ed
decr
eedthatthevari
ous"t
hanes"orlandowner
sthroughouthiskingdom wererespons
ibletopol
ice
hi
sterr
it
ory,
deli
vercr
imi
nalst
otheKi ngandtoset
tl
ecivill
i
tigat
ions.

b. FrankpledgeSystem:Pol
i
cingwascar ri
edoutunderas ystem cal
l
edf rankpl
edgeormut ualpledge,
wher ebyeverymaleover12yearsoldjoi
nnine(9)ofhisneighbor
st oform aTythingmen–agr oup
ofmenwhos edutywastoappr ehendanypersonwhoof fendsanotheranddel i
vert hatoffenderfor
tri
al.Anyonewhof ai
ledtojoi
nandper f
ormthisobl
igatorydutywass ever
elyfi
ned.Thus ,poli
cing
responsibi
l
ityli
eson the handsoft he ci
ti
zens.The head ofthisgr oup wasr eferr
ed t o asa
Tythingman.

c. TunPoli
cing:Tunwast heforer
unneroft heword“
town“.Underthi
ssyst
em,allmal
eresi
dentswere
requi
redtoguar dthet ownt opr eser
vepeaceandor der,pr
otecttheli
feandproper
tiesofthe
peopl
eandot herfact
orsthatdist
ur bst
hepeaceandorder.

d. HueandCr y:I nthissyst

em,thecomplai
nant/vict
im goestothemiddl
eoft hecommuni
tyand
shoutstocallallmaleresi
dentst
oassemble.Thevi cti
mr epor
tshi
scomplai
nttotheass
embly.
Consequent
ly,al
l t
hemaleresi
dent
swil
lgoafterthecri
minalandappr
ehendhim.

e. RoyalJudgeSys
tem:Theroyalj
udgeconduct
edcri
minali
nvest
igat
ionandgavepuni
shmentf
it
ted
tothecri
mecommitt
ed.Thi
spract
ices
tar
tedthei
denti
fi
cat
ionofcri
minal
s.

f
. Tri
albyOr deal:Asuspectwasrequi
redt
oplacehi
shandsoverboi
l
ingwateroroil
.Ifhewouldnot
gethurt,hewi l
lbeacquittedbutwhenhur
t,hewoul
dbecons i
der
edguil
ty.Doublejeopar
dywas
preval
entduringthi
speriod.

B.Dur i
ngt heNor malPer i
od( 1066-
1285),thefoll
owi ngar eSi
gnif
icantContri
buti
onst otheDevel
opmentof
Pol
icingSystem:
a. Shire-ReeveSystem:WhenKi ngWi ll
i
am Nor manbecamet herul
erofEngland,hedivi
dedhiski
ngdom
i
nto55mi li
tar
ydistri
ctsknownast heShire-Reeves.SHI
REmeansadi st
ri
ctwhil
eREEVEmeanst herul
er
whomadel aws,passjudgmentandi mpos epuni s
hment.Hewasas s
ist
edbyagr oupofcons
tables
,the
f
orerunnerofthecons tabul
ary.Theterm Shir
e-reeveevent
uallybecameSherif
f,thet
it
leoft
hechiefof

6 LawEnforcementOrgani
zat
ionandAdmini
str
ati
onInst
ruct
ional
Mat
eri
al Fr
ankli
nS.Ramir
ez,
M.S.
Cri
m.
“Thi
sisf
orcri
minol
ogical
purpos
esandther
eforenotf
orsal
e.” SchoolYear201
9-2020
 I
SABELASTATEUNI
VERSI
TY ECHAGUE

constabl
esorpol
iceof
fi
cer
si nacer t
aintown.TheTr
avel
ingJ
udgewashel
dres
pons
ibl
eindeci
ding
casesthatwer
etakenf
rom Shi
re-
reevesduetosomeabus
es.

b. CourtOfTheTourn:Thi
sCourtheardarangeofcases,
mor eoft
endeal
ingwit
h pettyoff
encesandcivi
l
matter
s.Fr
om theCourt,12tyt
hingmenwereselect
edt ohearcas
esofas er
iousnatur
e.Iti
sfrom t
his
poi
ntthattheear
lyconceptofthe12memberj
uryoftodayorigi
nat
es.

c. Cour tLeet
:t ohandl
el ocallegalmat t
ersins ome,butnotall,communiti
es,theNor mansestabli
shedthe
"CourtLeet",whichl
ookedaf t
ermat tersofpurelylocali
nter
es tandpett
yvi l
lagenuisances
.Theheadof
theCour tLeetwast he" ComesSt able",whichwasat ermt hatmeans" Mas teroftheHous e".Overa
periodoftime,thiswor dbecame" Constable"whichisst
il
lusedt odaybymember sofourmoder npoli
ce
forces.TheComesSt ablewasof tenappoi ntedbyt heKingbutwasal sor esponsi
bletokeept hepeace
andor derinas peci
ficarea.Thisappoi nteewasr esponsi
bletolocalof
fi
cialswhocoul dpeti
ti
ont ohave
himr emovedi fhedidnotdohi sjobpr operl
y.

d. LegesHenr i
e:Thislaw wasenact eddur i
ngt hetimeofKi ngHenryI
,whi
chi
mpos
edt
hef
oll
owi
ng
feat
ur es
:
1. Lawviol
ationswereclas
sif
iedasof f
ensesagai
nsttheKing
2. Poli
cemenbecamepubl i
cof f
ici
als
3. Thepoli
ceandt heci
ti
zenshavet hebroadpowertoar r
est
4. GrandJurywascreatedtoinquireonthefact
softhelaw

e. I
n1 195,KingRi
chardofEnglandis
suedapr ocl
amationent
it
ledKeepersoft
hePeace,requi
ri
ngthe
appointmentofKnight
stokeeptheKing’
speacebys t
andi
ngasguar dsonbri
dgesandgateswhil
e
checkingt
hepeopleenter
ingandl
eavi
ngtheciti
esandtowns
.

f
. OnJ une1 5,1215,MagnaCar ta(GreatChar ter
)wass eal
edbyKi ngJ ohnofEngland.Thi sbecameal aw
upont hedemandoft heKnightsoft heRoundTabl e.Theknightsfor
cedKi ngJohntos i
gnt hedocument,
whichdecl ar
edt hefoll
owing:
1. No f reemen s hal
lbe taken ori mpr i
soned,dis
pos ed,outlawed,orbowed exceptbyl egal
j
udgmentofhi speers.
2. Noper sonshouldbetri
edf ormur derunlesst
hereisproofoft hebodyofthevicti
m.
3. Ther es houl
dbenat i
onalandl ocalgovernmentaswel lasthenat i
onalandlocallegi
sl
ati
on.

C.
Dur
ingt
heWes
tmi
nst
erPer
iod(
1285–
1500)
:

1
. Stat
uteofWi
nches
ter(
1285)wasenact
edf
orl
aw andor
der
.Thi
slaw i
ntr
oducedt
hes
yst
em ofWat
ch
andWard.

2. Stat
uteof1295wasenact
ed,whichbegant
hecl
osi
ngoft
hegat
esofLondondur
ings
uns
et.
Thi
sst
art
ed
theobser
vati
onofcur
fewhours
.

3. Jus
ticeofthePeacewasapos
iti
ongi
vent
oar
espect
edci
ti
zen,whohast
hepowert
oar
res
t,pur
sue
andimpri
sontheoff
ender
s.

4. St
arChamberCour
twases
tabl
i
shedass
peci
alcour
tthatt
ri
edof
fender
sagai
nstt
hes
tat
e.

D.
Devel
opment
sinPol
i
cingSys
tem dur
ingt
heModer
nPer
iod(
17th–
19thCent
ury)i
nEngl
and

a. Ki
ngCharl
esI
IofEnglandpassedalawin1663t
hatpr
ovi
dedf
ort
heempl
oymentofNi
ghtWat
chmenor
Bel
lment
obeondut yfrom s
unsett
osunri
se.

b. I
n1 748,Henr
yFiel
dingbecamet heChiefMagist
rateatBow St reeti
nLondon.Heor ganizedagroupof
menknownasBow St reetRunners(
thiefcat
chers)
.Hel aterf
ormedt heBow StreetHorsePat
rolwhose
dutywast opatr
olthemainr oadsthussecurethetravel
ersfrom highwaymenorhi ghwaybandits
.In
1751,Henr
ypubli
shedapamphl etenti
tledAnInquiryint
ot heCaus esoftheLateIncreaseofRobbers
,
1
whichcall
edformanysweepingchangesi nt
helawsandt heexecut i
onofthei
rlaws .

NOTABENE:BowSt
reetRunner
sist
heFi
rstmoder
ndet
ect
ivef
orce.
Iti
sas
mal
lgr
oupofvol
unt
eer
s/non

1
Eduar
do,
2008,
Not
esi
nLawEnf
orcementAdmi
nis
trat
ion

7 LawEnforcementOrgani
zat
ionandAdmini
str
ati
onInst
ruct
ional
Mat
eri
al Fr
ankli
nS.Ramir
ez,
M.S.
Cri
m.
“Thi
sisf
orcri
minol
ogical
purpos
esandther
eforenotf
orsal
e.” SchoolYear201
9-2020
 I
SABELASTATEUNI
VERSI
TY ECHAGUE

-
unif
ormed homeowner
s of
ten cal
l
ed "
Take Thi
eves
".They hur
ryt
oscene ofcr
ime and begi
n
i
nvesti
gat
ion.

c. I
n1 785,Will
iam Pi
ttpresentedabi l
lintheBrit
ishParli
amentcall
ingforthecreationofapol i
ceforcein
London.Thisproposalmetwi thins
tantoppos i
ti
on.Pittar
guedthatthisnew forcewoul dberesponsi
ble
fortheapprehensi
onofcr i
mi nal
s(aformalcontinuati
onofthemandat eoftheBow St r
eetRunners
)and
cri
mepr eventi
on(itwasar guedthattheirpr
esencewoul dbeadet er
rent)
.Afterconsiderabl
eopposit
ion
tothepr oposedpoliceforceforLondon,andchar gesthati
twoul dbeus edt os t
rengthenwhatwas
consider
edtobeaver ycentral
is
tauthorit
ari
angover nment,Wi
ll
iam Pi
tt'
sbil
lwaswi thdrawn.

d. TheBr i
tis
hs t
at es manSI RROBERTPEELpas sedwi ththepar l
i
amentt heMet r
opolit
anPol i
ceActon
Sept ember29,1 829es tabli
shedt heLONDONMETROPOLI TANPOLI CE,whi chbecamet hewor l
d'sfi
rst
moder norgani zedpol iceforce.Itwasl atercal l
edSCOTLANDYARD.I tbecamemodelf ortheAmer i
can
polices yst
em butal sohadgr eati nfluenceont hestyleofpolici
ngi nal mostal li
ndus t
rialsocieti
es.The
Met ropoli
tanPol icef orcewasgui dedbyt heconceptofcr i
mepr event i
onasapr imarypol i
ceobj ect
ive;
i
tal soembodi edt hebel i
efthats uchaf orcedependedont hecons entandcooper ati
onoft hepubl i
c,
andt heideat hatpol icecons tableswer etobeci vi
landcour teoust ot hepeopl e.Thef orcebecamet he
modelf orotherpol i
cef orcesinGr eatBr i
tain.Informalnamesar e,"theMet "and" MPS" .Instatutesitis
referredtoi nthel owercas east he" met ropol it
anpol i
ceforce"ort he" metropol i
tanpol i
ce",withoutthe
appendage" servi ce".TheMPSi sal soreferr edtoasScot l
andYar daf t
ert hel ocati
onofi tsor i
ginal
headquar t
ers.Thedevel opmentoft heBr it
ishpol i
ces yst
em isespeciallysi
gni f
icantbecaus ethepat t
ern
thatemer gednotonl ybecameamodelf ort heAmer icanpolices yst
em butal s ohadgr eatinfl
uenceon
thes tyl
eofpol icingi nal mos talli
ndus t
ri
al societi
es.

Pol
i
cear
eoftenref
err
edtoasB́obbi
es´or'
Peel
ers
'aft
erSi
rRobert(Bobby)Peel
.Thepri
mar
yrol
eoft
he
pol
i
cei
nBri
tainwastokeept
heQueen'sPeace,
whichcont
inuesi
ntothepresentday.

Heal s
oi nt
roducedt hetechniquesindetect
ingcri
mess uchasdet ecti
vesconceal
ingt
hems el
ves,and
secr
etlyphotographingandr ecor
dingconversat
ions.LondonMet ropol
it
anPoliceemployedthef i
rst
undercoveroffi
cer.Thegr eatcontr
ibut
ionsofSirRobertPeelledpeopl etoregardhi
mt hefatherof
moder npoli
cing.Hismos tmemor ablepri
nci
plewas ,"
thepoli
cearet hepubli
c,andthepublicarethe
poli
ce”(Eduardo,2008,NotesinLawEnf or
cementAdmi ni
str
ati
on).

NOTABENE:
Peelwascons i
deredas kil
lf
uladmi ni
stratorwi thvision.Manyofhi sr ef
ormsar
epar tofpol
i
cing
todayinAmer i
ca. Thefoll
owi ngar et hePEEL’ SPRI NCIPLES
1. Thepol icemus tbes table,effici
ent,organi zedalongmi li
taryli
nes .
2. Thepol icemus tbeundergover nmentcont r
ol.
3. Theabs enceofcr i
mebes tpr ovesefficiencyofpol i
ce.
4. Thedi stri
but i
onofcr imenewsi sessent ial.
5. Thedepl oymentofpol i
ces t
rengt hovert i
meandar eaisess ential
.
6. Noqual i
tyi smorei ndispens abletoapol i
ceof fi
certhanaper fectcommandoft emper.
7. Goodappear ancecommandsr espect.
8. Secur i
ngandt rainingpr operpeopl ei sther ootofeffi
ciency.
9. Publ i
csecur it
ydemandsever ypol i
ceof ficerbegi venanumber .
10.Pol i
ceheadquar terss houldbecent r
allyl ocated/easil
yacces sible.
11. Poli
ceshoul dbehi redonapr obat i
onar ybas i
s.
12.Poli
cerecor dsareneces saryt othecor rect l
ydi s
tri
butepol i
ces trength.

F. Fr
enchPol i
ceSys tem
- Dur ingt he16th Century,Parishadt wopat r
ols:Citi
zenNightGuar d;andtheRoyalGuar df ortheking’
s
protecti
on.TheGuar damot t
ot hatevent odayisont heFr enchpoli
ceemblem “Vigi
l
atutQui escant”-
“Hewat chesthatt heymays leep”.
- Dur ing the 17th cent uryin France,Ki ng LouisXI V maintained a smal
lcentralpoli
ce organizati
on
consist
ing ofs ome 40 i nspectorswho,wi tht he help ofnumer ouspaidi nf
ormant s,suppli
ed the
governmentwi thdet ai
lsaboutt heconductofpr ivateindi
viduals.
- InPar is
, thepos i
ti
onOFFI CERSDEPAI X( or
iginof“ PeaceOffi
cer”)wasformedin1791.Thiswast heorigi
n
ofthet erm PeaceOf fi
cers.TheFr enchwer ethef i
rsttoestabli
shunif
ormedpoliceoffi
cers–theywer e
call
edSERGENTdeVI LLE(servantoft heci
ty).
- Ot hercont ri
butionsoft heFrenchi nthedevel opmentofpol i
cingsyst
em were:
1. Concei vings tr
eets i
gns.

8 LawEnforcementOrgani
zat
ionandAdmini
str
ati
onInst
ruct
ional
Mat
eri
al Fr
ankli
nS.Ramir
ez,
M.S.
Cri
m.
“Thi
sisf
orcri
minol
ogical
purpos
esandther
eforenotf
orsal
e.” SchoolYear201
9-2020
 I
SABELASTATEUNI
VERSI
TY ECHAGUE

2. Assigninghousenumber s.
3. I
ns t
all
ingstr
eetlighti
ng.
4. Creatingemergencyandr escueservi
ces.
5. Useofpol i
ceambul ances.
6. Useof“ warrantcard”,andI
Ds i
gnif
yingauthor
it
ytoar
res
t.

G. Amer i
canPol i
ceSystem
Poli
ci
ngs ystem inAmer i
cafoll
owedt hemodeldevel
opedinEngland,New Yor
k,Bost
onandPhiladel
phia
or
ganizedtheirnightwat chmen,whichwass i
mil
artothebell
mencreatedinLondonduri
ngtherei
gnofKi ng
Char
lesII
.Thes enightwat chmenwer eknownasRATTLEWATCHbecaus etheycar
ri
edratt
lewhi
l
eondut yt o
i
nfor
mt hepublicofthei
rwat chf
ulpresence.Herear
ethenotabl
eper
iods:

Devel
opmentofAmer icanPol i
cef orce
1. 1638-Night-
wat chwasi ni t
iatedinBos ton,Massachusetts–theywerecall
ed“Leat
herbmen”
2. 1658-Rattl
e-wat chwasor ganizedinNewYor k.
3. 1700-Nightwat chs t
artedi nPhiladelphia.
4. 1722-NewHavenhadapol iceregulati
onthat“Nowat chmanwi l
lhavetheli
ber
tytosleep.
”
5. 1800-Itbecameagover nmentpol icythatable-
bodi edmalesover16yearsoldwererequir
edt
o
servewit
houtpay.
6. 1856-NewYor kCitypolicebegant oadoptaf ul
l poli
ceunifor
m.
7. 1833–Itwastheadventofdayt i
mepol icewit
hpay.
8. 1844-NewYor korganizedt hef i
rstmoder nAmer icanpoli
ceforcebasedontheEngli
sh
Met r
opol
it
anpol i
ce.

Devel
opmentofStatePol
iceFor cei
nAmer i
ca
1. 1835-TexasRangerswer eorgani
zed.
2. 1865-Mas s
achusettsorgani
zedaforceofs
tateconst
ables.
3. 1905-ThePennsylvaniaStat
ePoli
cecameintoexis
tence.

Devel
opmentofUSFeder alPoli
ceForce
1. 1829-Pos tOffi
cei nspecti
onsystem began.
2. 1861-Investi
gationoncr i
mesagainstthegovernmentstart
ed.
3. 1868-Det ecti
vef orceswer ef
ormedt oinves
t i
gat
eprobl
emsonr evenueservi
ces
, i
mmi gr
ati
onand
smuggling.
4. 1895-Feder algover nmentattenti
onfocusedonlott
eri
es,drugr
egulat
ionsandtransport
ati
on
regulat
ions.
5. 1910-Ant i
-WhiteSl averyActandMot orVehicl
eActwereenacted.
6. 1934-Nat i
onal KidnappingAct,BankingAct,andRacketeeri
ngActwerepassedbyt heUnit
ed
StatesCongress.

Lesson3
TheEpi
tomeofPol
iceServi
cei
nthePhi
l
ippi
ne

A. Devel opmentofPol iceSer viceinthePhi li

ppinesdur i
ngPr e-Spani sh( Poli
cingistri
bal i
nnat ure)
Poli
cepr imitivelyevol vedf r
om t he pr acti
ce ofdi ff
erentt ri
bes t os elect abl
e-bodi ed young men t o
prot
ect t heirvill
ager s
,f rom depr edationsofwi ldanimal swhi chpreyt heircr opsandlives t
ockdur ingni ghtti
me.
Thenasmanki ndmul ti
pli
ed,theneedsf orprotecti
onbecomegr eater,notonl yf r
om animal s,butal sof rom their
2
ownki nd.Thes eci r
cums tancesj usti
fi
edt hef or
mul ati
onofpol icef or
ce.
Thepr act i
ceofpol i
cing int hePhi l
i
ppinesevol vesf rom t hecul tureand t radi
tionsoft ri
balFi li
pinosin
prot
ect i
ngt heirint er
estaset hnicgr oup.Fili
pinot r
ibeshol dont ot heor der sgivenbyt heirtr
iball eader swho
makedeci s
ionf ort hegoodandbenef i
toft hewhol et ri
balcommuni t
y.Dat ebackt otheear ly15th cent ury;tr
ibal
Fi
li
pinosr ulerswer ecalledDat u,Pangat ,Sultan,Raj a,Hare,Gatandot hers.Theyhavet hei
rdi stinctwayof
prot
ect i
ngt heirinterestandwel fare.Theywer enotuni ted,althought heirsys t
em ofpol i
cingisofvar iousf or
ms ,
3
yettheirobjectiveisone.

B. DevelopmentofPol
iceSer
vicei
nthePhi
l
ippi
nesdur
ingt
heSpani
shRegi
me
Thepoli
cef or
ceduringtheSpanis
hRegimewascons i
der
edaspartofthemi
l
itar
ysys
tem byt
heSpani
sh

2
Cri
mi nal
Just
iceSystem:Sett
ingandProcedures,ManwongandForonda,2009.
3
PolicePatr
olPlansand Oper ati
onswith Poli
ce/Publ
icRadioCommunicati
on (
A Text
bookf
orCr
imi
nalJ
ust
iceEducat
ion
StudentsandPract
it
ioners
):Phil
i
ppineSet
ting,
Mar i
oA. Gar
cia.
2010pg.4.

9 LawEnforcementOrgani
zat
ionandAdmini
str
ati
onInst
ruct
ional
Mat
eri
al Fr
ankli
nS.Ramir
ez,
M.S.
Cri
m.
“Thi
sisf
orcri
minol
ogical
purpos
esandther
eforenotf
orsal
e.” SchoolYear201
9-2020
 I
SABELASTATEUNI
VERSI
TY ECHAGUE

gover
nment .Thelocal
lyorgani
zedpolicefor
ces,al
thoughper
for
mingci
vildut
iesandseemingl
ycr
eat
edfort
he
sol
epurposeofmai ntai
ningpeace,wer ei
nfactdir
ectl
ycommandedbythecol oni
almi
l
itar
ygover
nment
.Pol
i
ce
for
cesorganizedduri
ngtheSpanishregimewere:

1
. Car
abi
ner
osdeSegur
idadPubl
i
co(
Mount
edPol
i
ce-
Ridi
ngonaHor
se)wasor
gani
zedi
n171
2fort
he
4
purposeofcarryi
ngoutt hepolici
esoft heSpani shgover nment . Thememberswerearmedwith
carbi
nesasthenamesi ndicate.I
twasgi vent hespecialcommi s
sionbyt hegover
nmentascus
todi
an
oftobaccomonopol y. Byr oyaldecreeofDecember20,1 842,itwasr e-
organi
zedandrenamed
CuerpodeCarabinerosdeSegur idadPublica.Hence,itsdutiesbecamepol i
celi
keandmoregener
al,
whichwere:
a. thepr
osecutionoflawbr eakersandcr i
minals
;
b. themaintenanceofpeace, orderands ecur
it
y;and
c. thevi
gil
ancei nt
heexecut i
onofl awsandor dinancesofgoodgover nment.

Thisgener
alpurpose,however ,wasl at
ernarroweddownt oores pecif
icduti
esofwat chi
ngand
guardi
ngthecust
om hous es,
riverseacoast
s,t
obacco,war
ehousesandt heprevent
ionoft
heentr
yof
5
contr
aband.Itdi
schargedthedut i
esofaport,
harbor
,andri
verpol
ice.

2. Cuar
dri
l
ler
os(
Rur
alPol
i
ce)was
 abodyofr
ural
pol
i
ceor
gani
zedi
neacht
ownt
hatwascr
eat
ed 
byt
he
RoyalDecreeofJ anuary8,1 796.Thispoli
cefor
ce 
wascomposedof5% oftheabl
e-bodiedmale
i
nhabit
antsofeacht own  or
 pr
ovince,andeachmembershoul
ds er
vef
or3years
.Thedutiesoft
his
l
ocalpoli
cewer e:
a. maintainpublicsecuri
tyandor deri
ntownbymaki
ngpatrol
;
b. guarddar kanduns afeplaces;
c. guardthet r
ibunalsandpr i
sonhouses;
d. tr
ans f
erpris
oner s;
e. carrymailsattimes;and
6
f. manyot herodddut i
esintown.

NOTABENE:Forallthei
rservi
cest
heywerenotori
ginall
ypaid,alt
houghi nthelat
eryears,
thepri
vates
recei
vedP3.00amont handt heothernon-
commi s
sionedgr adesins everalprovi
ncesrecei
veda
proport
ionat
esal
aryvaryi
ngfrom P4.
00toP8.
00dependi ngupont hei
rrevenues.

3. Guar
diaCi
vil(
TownPol
i
ce)wast
hepol
i
ceor
gani
zat
ioncr
eat
edbyt
heRoyalDecr
eei
ssuedbyt
he
SpanishCr owngover nmentonFebr uary12,1852.Itrel
i
evedt heSpani shPeninsularTroopsoftheir
worksinpol ici
ngtowns.Itconsi
stedofabodyofFi li
pinopolicemenor gani
zedoriginal
lyineachoft he
provi
ncialcapital
s oft
hecent r
alprovincesofLuzonundert hecommandofAl calde (
Gover¬nor
).This
semi-mil
itarypoli
ceinst
it
utionwasarmedast heSpanishInfantry,
verymar t
iali
nappear ancebecaus e
ofit
sbrightands howyuniform anddisti
ncti
velyprominentinsi
gnia,plusarigi
dlymai nt
ainedmili
tary
7
beari
ng.

C. Amer i
canMil
i
taryRegi
me( Ameri
canOccupati
on)
Thef
ir
stAmeri
canoccupat
ionint
hePhi
l
ippi
nesthatcameaf
tert
heFi
l
ipi
no-
Amer
icanWar(
1898t
o1901
)was
fol
l
owedbyaper i
odofpoli
ti
caltur
moil
andsoci
ali
mbalance.

1
. I
nsul
arPol
iceFor
cewasestabl
is
hedonNovember30,1890dur
ingtheFi
li
pino-
Amer
icanwar(
1898-
1901
)
uponther
ecommendat
ionofthePhi
l
ippi
neCommiss
iontotheSecr
etar
yofWar .

2. I
nsul
arConstabul
arywascreat
edonJuly18,1
901byvi
rt
ueofOrganicActNo.175law,t
it
ledas"AnAct
Pr
ovidi
ngfortheOrgani
zat
ionandGovernmentofanI
nsul
arConst
abular
y".Capt
.HenryT.All
en–fir
st
Chi
ef.

3. ManilaPoliceDepar t
ment( MPD)wasor gani
zedonJ uly31,1901byvirt
ueofAct#1 83ofthePhil
i
ppi
ne
s
t
Commi ss
ion.The1 ChiefofPolicewasCapt .GeorgeCur ry,aUSAr myof ficerappoi
ntedtheTAFT
COMMI SSIONonAugus t7,1901
.Capt.ColumbusPiattwast helastAmericanCOPofMPDbef oreWW II
brokeout.In1939TheMani l
aPoliceDepartmenti
ntroducedthebicycl
epat r
ol.

4
Cr
iminal
Just
iceSyst
em:Set
ti
ngandProcedur
es,ManwongandForonda,2009.
5
Pol
iceAdmini
str
ati
on,Or
gani
zati
onandPlanni
ng,
Dr.Dani
loLagoTancangco,201
2.
6
ibi
d
7
ibi
d

1
0 LawEnforcementOrgani
zat
ionandAdmini
str
ati
onInst
ruct
ional
Mat
eri
al Fr
ankli
nS.Ramir
ez,
M.S.
Cri
m.
“Thi
sisf
orcri
minol
ogical
purpos
esandther
eforenotf
orsal
e.” SchoolYear201
9-2020
 I
SABELASTATEUNI
VERSI
TY ECHAGUE

NOTABENE:
- 1 941-TheJ
apaneseMil
itar
yPoli
ce(
Kempetai
)tookoverMPD.
- 1 945-TheMPDwasr econsti
tut
edandpl
acedunderAmer i
cancont
rol
.Col
.Mar
cusEl
l
isJ
ones
becametheChi
efofPol
ice.

4. OnOctober3,1901,theI
ns ularConstabul
arywaschangedt oPhil
i
ppineConst
abular
y( PC)byvir
tueof
s
t
ActNo.255.Bri
g/Gen.Henr yT.Al l
enwast he1 Chi
efofthePhili
ppi
neConstabul
ary.Hewast hePC
Chi
effr
om 1901to1 907s
ucht hathewascalledast heFat
herofCons t
abul
aryi
nt hePhil
ippi
nes
.ThePC
wasmannedmos t
lybyFil
ipinosbutoffi
cer
swer emos tl
yAmer i
cans.

5. Revis
ed Admi ni
str
ative Code of1 917 wasappr oved a yearbef or
e World WarI( August1914to
November1 918)ended.I nsecti
on825oft hi
s   l
aw,its tated t
hatt hePhil
i
ppine 
Constabul
aryisa
nati
onal 
poli
ce i
nsti
tuti
on forpreservi
ng the peace, 
keeping orderand enfor
cing t
he l
aw.Br i
g/Gen.
RafaelCramebecamet hef i
rstFi
l
ipi
noChi efofPoli
ce.Hes ervedasthePCChieffrom 1
917-
1927.

6. OnJan.1,1
932,Republ
i
cActNo.381
5,ot
her
wis
eknownast
heRevi
sedPenalCodeoft
hePhi
l
ippi
nes
(
RPC),
tookeff
ect
.

7. I
nNovember1938,ActNo.181r
equiredthecreat
ionofabur eauofinvesti
gat
ion.Thisagencys houl
dbe
t
hemodif
icat
ionoftheDivi
si
onofInvest
igat
ion(DI)fr
om theDepartmentofJ usti
ce.Final
ly,onJune19,
1
947,
Republi
cActNo.1 57wasenactedwhichcreatedtheNational
Bur eauofInvest
igati
on.

D. Devel opmentofPol iceSer vi

ceinthePhi li
ppinesdur i
ngt heJ apanes eOccupat i
on( 1
941-1945)
TheJ apaneseoccupat ionoft hePhil
ippineshadbr oughtaboutt err
orsandf earsamongFi l
ipi
nopeopl e.The
Japanes eoccupat i
ons tatedonDecember8, 1
941.Enfor
cementofl awswasdonebyt heJapanes eImperialArmy,
knownasKempet ai.Kempet aiwereheldr es ponsi
bleinmai ntai
ni ngpeaceandor derinMani l
aandadj acent
urbanar eas.Themai nf unct i
onoft heKempet aiwast hei dentif
ication,locationandar res
tofFi li
pinoguer i
ll
as
i
ncludingt hei
rs uppor t
er s.TheKempet aiwast hemos tf eareduni toft heJ apanesear mybecaus eoft hei
r
brutal
ityinenfor ci
ngt heirf unct
ions.Theywer eusuallyhel pedbyFi l
i
pinot raitorswhower emadet oi denti
fy
8
gueril
l
asand s ympat hizerswhi l
et heirhead wer ecover ed bya bag orcl ot h wi
th openingsf ortiereyes .
Kempet airul
edt heur banar easunt i
lGen. DouglasMcAr thurreturnedonFebr uar y7,1945.

TheMani
l
aPoliceDepar
tment,whi
chwascreat
edduringthef
ir
stAmer
icanoccupat
ion,wasr
enamedi
nto
Met
ropol
i
tanCons
tabular
yundert
heBureauofCons
tabul
ary.

E. DevelopmentofPol
iceServi
ceinthePhi
li
ppi
nesaf
tertheWor ldWarI I
1. In1960,Republ
i
cActNo.2678wasenact edandthislaw providedtheexpansi
onandreorgani
zat
ionof
theNBI.Thi
slawestabli
shedt
hattheNBIi
sbot
hani nvest
igativeandresearchs
ervi
ceagency.

2. OnJan.1
, 1
964,theRul
esofCourttookef
fect.
Thisprocedurall
awwascons
truedi
nordert
opr omot
ethe
br
oadobjecti
veoft hecri
minalj
usti
cesystem andt oas s
istt
hepar
ti
esinobtai
ningj
ust,s
peedy,and
i
nexpens
ivedetermi
nati
onofeveryacti
onandpr oceeding.

3. Secti
on2275,BookIII
,Tit
leI
Xoft heRevis
edAdmi nis
trati
veCodeofthePhili
ppi
nes,ApprovedonMar
ch
20,1917,provi
desthattherequirementsofpol
ices ervi
cepatrolDut
yf r
om maler es
identswhent
he
provi
nceormuni ci
pali
tyisi
nfes
tedwi t
houtlaws
,t hemayorhast heauthori
tytohir
eabl ebodi
edmal
e
resi
dentsofthemunici
pali
tybet
weent heagesof1 8to50yrsold.

4. OnSept ember1 8,
1966,RepublicActNo. 4864ot herwi
seknownas“ Poli
ceActof1 966”wasenacted.The
l
aw creat edtheoffi
ceoft hePol i
ceCommi ssi
on(whichwasl atercal l
edNat i
onalPoli
ceCommi ssi
on)
undertheOf fi
ceofthePresident.Origi
nal
ly,
t hePOLCOMwascr eatedasas upervis
oryagencytothePC.
I
tsfunctionistooverseethet r
ainingandpr ofessi
onal
izat
ionofthel ocalpoli
ceforces
.Throughthi
slaw,
ref
ormat ionandprofess
ionali
zationofthepol i
ceservi
cegainedoffi
cialrecognit
ion.

5. Pr
esi
dent
ial
Decr
eeNo.
448pr
ovi
desf
ort
heAdj
udi
cat
ionofPol
i
ceBenef
it
sandcr
eat
inghear
ingof
fi
cer
s
i
ntheNAPOLCOM.

6. On Aug.8,1
975,Pr
esi
dent
ialDecr
ee No.765 wasenact
ed and s
tipul
ated t
hatt
he of
fi
ce oft
he

8
Pol
i
ceAdmi
nis
trat
ion,
Organi
zat
ionandPl
anni
ng,
Dr.
Dani
l
oLagoTancangco,
201
2.

1
1 LawEnforcementOrgani
zat
ionandAdmini
str
ati
onInst
ruct
ional
Mat
eri
al Fr
ankli
nS.Ramir
ez,
M.S.
Cri
m.
“Thi
sisf
orcri
minol
ogical
purpos
esandther
eforenotf
orsal
e.” SchoolYear201
9-2020
 I
SABELASTATEUNI
VERSI
TY ECHAGUE

NAPOLCOM s hould be underthe offi

ce ofthe Mini
str
y ofNat i
onalDefens
e.I tdefined als
othe
rel
ati
onshi
p between the Int
egrated Nat
ionalPoli
ce 
and the Phi
li
ppi
ne Constabular
y.  Thi
swas i
n
compli
ancewiththeprovis
ionsofSecti
on12,Art
icl
e15ofthe1973Phil
i
ppi
neConstitut
ion.

7. Pres
ident
ialDecr
eeNo.1870–Providi
ngt
hePhi
l
ippi
neNat
ionalPol
i
ceAcademywi
thanacademi
c
chart
erandexpendi
ngi
tscur
ri
cul
ar.

8. Sec.
6,Ar
t.XVI
and21Ar
t.X,
1987Phi
l
ippi
neCons
tit
uti
on–

Sect
ion6.TheSt ateshal
les
tabli
shandmai ntai
nonepol i
cefor
ce,whichshallbenati
onalinscopeand
ci
vil
i
aninchar act
er,t
obeadmi ni
steredandcontrol
ledbyanati
onalpoli
cecommi ss
ion.Theauthor
it
yof
l
ocalexecut
ivesoverthepol
iceunit
sinthei
rjuri
sdi
ctions
hall
beprovi
dedbyl aw.

Secti
on21.Thepres
ervat
ionofpeaceandor derwi
thi
nt heregi
onsshal
lbether es
ponsibi
li
tyofthel
ocal
poli
ceagencieswhich s
hallbeorganized,maint
ained,supervi
sed,and ut
il
ized i
n accordancewit
h
appli
cabl
el aws
.Thedef ens
eands ecur
it
yoft heregionsshallbetheresponsibi
l
ityoft heNati
onal
Government.

9. Republi
cActNo.6040.Iti
sotherwi
seknownasTol
ent
inoLaw.Itempoweredt
hePoli
ceCommi ss
ionto
giveappropr
iat
eexaminati
onstooff
icer
sandmember
sofpoli
cefor
ceaimedatpr
ofessi
onal
i
zingpoli
ce
servi
ces
.

F. TheBi r
thoft hePhili
ppineNat i
onal Poli
ce(CorazonAqui noAdmi nis
tration)
Thepres entPhili
ppineNat i
onal Poli
ce( PNP)wasar es ul
toft hemer geroft hePhilippi
neCons t
abularyand
I
ntegratedNat ionalPol
ice,wasact i
vatedonJ anuary29, 1991.Thepas sagei ntolawonDecember1 3,
1990of
Republi
cActno. 6975ent i
tl
ed“ AnactEs tabli
shi
ngthePhi li
ppineNat i
onal Poli
ceunderar eorgani
zedDepar t
ment
oftheInteri
orandLocal Governmentandot herpurpos es”endedt heexi st
enceoft hePhil
i
ppinecons t
abul
aryand
theint
egr atedNat i
onalpoli
ceandgavewayt othecr eationofthePhi li
ppineNat ionalPol
ice,
nowknownast he
countr
y’spol i
ceforcethatisNat ionali
ns copeandCi vili
anChar acter.I
tadmi nist
er edandcontrol
l
ed

1
2 LawEnforcementOrgani
zat
ionandAdmini
str
ati
onInst
ruct
ional
Mat
eri
al Fr
ankli
nS.Ramir
ez,
M.S.
Cri
m.
“Thi
sisf
orcri
minol
ogical
purpos
esandther
eforenotf
orsal
e.” SchoolYear201
9-2020