Pr

ojectwor
k

Name-
MeenaDev
i

Cour
se-
Inf
ect
ioncont
rol
Nur
se

Topi
c-Hi
ghr
iskar
eaoft
hehospi
tal
andsur
vei
l
lancemet
hodol
ogy

Surveil
lance:
-Surveil
l
anceist
heactofinfecti
oninvesti
gati
onusingtheCDC
defi
niti
ons.Deter
mi ni
ngthepresenceofahospital
infect
ionrequi
reaninf
ect
ioncontr
ol
tr
actionaltorevi
ewapat i
entchartandseeifthepati
enthadt hesi
gnandsymptom ofan
i
nfection.

Sur
vei
l
lancemustf
ocuson:
-

1)
reduci
ngi
nfect
ionr
atesi
nthehospi
tal
.

2)est
abl
i
shedendemi
cbasel
i
ner
ates.

3)i
dent
if
yingandcont
aini
ngout
breaks.

4)
Eval
uat
ingandmoni
tor
ingar
einf
ect
ioncont
rol
measur
es.

5)moni
tor
ingant
imi
crobi
alsuscept
ibi
l
itypat
ter
ns.

Act
ivesur
vei
l
lanceshal
lbedoneatl
eastf
orhi
ghr
iskar
eas.

Hi
ghr
iskar
easunderv
ari
ousset
ti
ngi
ncl
ude:

•I
ntensi
vecar
euni t
s(Neonat
alICU,Pedi
atr
icI
CU,
ICUs–Car
dioThor
aci
cVascul
arSur
ger
y,
Respi
rat
oryi
nfect
ions(H1N1)unit
s).

•Oper
ati
onTheat
res

•Di
aly
sisUni
t

•Bur
nsUni
t
•Tr
ansf
usi
onser
vicesuni
t

•Foodhandl
ers

•Dr
inki
ngwat
er

•Cent
ral
Ster
il
eSer
vicesDepar
tment

3.
4.1Oper
ati
onTheat
res

Nor
out
inef
oggi
ngi
srecommended.Anyci
vi
lorengi
neer
ingwor
ksshoul
d

i
nvi
tef
oggi
ngofOTs.I
fCul
tur
eswabsandai
rsampl
i
ngpl
atesar
esent

f
rom Oper
ati
onTheat
resf
ori
nvest
igat
ingsur
facecont
ami
nat
ionandai
r

qual
i
ty,
foggi
ngofOTsmaybedoneont
hebasi
soft
heser
epor
tsand/
or

cl
i
nical
procedur
escar
ri
edouti
ntheoper
ati
ngar
eas

3.
4Act
ivesur
vei
l
lanceofHeal
thcar
eassoci
atedI
nfect
ions(
HCAI
)

Act
ivesur
vei
l
lanceshal
lbedoneatl
eastf
orhi
ghr
iskar
eas.

Hi
ghr
iskar
easunderv
ari
ousset
ti
ngi
ncl
ude:
•I
ntensi
vecar
euni t
s(Neonat
alICU,Pedi
atr
icI
CU,
ICUs–Car
dioThor
aci
cVascul
arSur
ger
y,
Respi
rat
oryi
nfect
ions(H1N1)unit
s).

•Oper
ati
onTheat
res

•Di
aly
sisUni
t

•Bur
nsUni
t

•Tr
ansf
usi
onser
vicesuni
t

•Foodhandl
ers

•Dr
inki
ngwat
er

•Cent
ral
Ster
il
eSer
vicesDepar
tment

Oper
ati
onTheat
res

Nor
out
inef
oggi
ngi
srecommended.Anyci
vi
lorengi
neer
ingwor
ksshoul
d

i
nvi
tef
oggi
ngofOTs.I
fCul
tur
eswabsandai
rsampl
i
ngpl
atesar
esent

f
rom Oper
ati
onTheat
resf
ori
nvest
igat
ingsur
facecont
ami
nat
ionandai
r
qual
i
ty,
foggi
ngofOTsmaybedoneont
hebasi
soft
heser
epor
tsand/
or

cl
i
nical
procedur
escar
ri
edouti
ntheoper
ati
ngar
eas

I
ntensi
vecar
euni
ts

Moni
tor
ingofdev
iceassoci
atedi
nfect
ionsneedst
obedoneonr
egul
ar

basi
s.Thebasi
cindi
cat
orsr
equi
redt
obemoni
tor
edar
event
il
ator

associ
atedpneumoni
a(VAP)
,Cat
het
erl
i
nkedbl
oodst
ream

i
nfect
ionsoni
tor
ingofdev
iceassoci
atedi
nfect
ionsneedst
obedoneon

r
egul
arbasi
s.Thebasi
cindi
cat
orsr
equi
redt
obemoni
tor
edar
event
il
ator

associ
atedpneumoni
a(VAP)
,Cat
het
erl
i
nkedbl
oodst
ream i
nfect
ion.

(
CLBSI
)andcat
het
erassoci
atedur
inar
ytr
acti
nfect
ions(
CAUTI
).Act
ive

sur
vei
l
lancei
srecommendedt
hrought
heemer
gence/
clust
eri
ngof

posi
ti
vecul
tur
escasesorsi
mil
arcl
i
nical
casecl
ust
eri
ng.

I
mmedi
atecont
rol
measur
es
Cont
rol
measur
esshoul
dbei
nit
iat
eddur
ingt
hepr
ocessofi
nvest
igat
ion.

Ani
ntensi
ver
evi
ewofi
nfect
ioncont
rol
measur
esshoul
dbemadeand

gener
alcont
rol
measur
esi
nit
iat
edatonce.

Gener
almeasur
esi
ncl
ude:

•St
ri
cthandwashi
ng

•I
ntensi
fi
cat
ionofenv
ironment
alcl
eani
ngandhy
giene

•Adher
encet
oasept
icpr
otocol
s

•St
rengt
heni
ngofdi
sinf
ect
ionandst
eri
l
izat
ion

Mi
crobi
ologi
cal
Study

Thest
udyt
obecar
ri
edoutt
oident
if
ypossi
blesour
cesandr
out
esof

t
ransmi
ssi
on.Thei
nvest
igat
ionmayi
ncl
udecul
tur
esf
rom ot
herbodysi
tes

oft
hepat
ient
,ot
herpat
ient
s,st
affandenv
ironment
.Car
eful
sel
ect
ionof

speci
menst
obecul
tur
edi
sessent
ial
toobt
ainmeani
ngf
uldat
a.
Speci
fi
ccont
rol
measur
es

Speci
fi
ccont
rol
measur
esneedt
obei
nst
it
utedont
hebasi
sofnat
ureof

agentandchar
act
eri
sti
csoft
hehi
gh-
ri
skgr
oupandt
hepossi
blesour
ces.

Thesemeasur
esmayi
ncl
ude:

•I
dent
if
icat
ionandel
i
minat
ionoft
hecont
ami
nat
edpr
oduct

•Modi
fi
cat
ionofnur
singpr
ocedur
es

•I
dent
if
icat
ionandt
reat
mentofcar
ri
ers

•Rect
if
icat
ionofl
apsei
ncl
i
nical
techni
queorpr
ocedur
e

Ev
aluat
ionofef
fi
cacyofcont
rol
measur
es

•Theef
fi
cacyofcont
rol
measur
esshoul
dbeev
aluat
edbyacont
inued

f
oll
ow-
upofcasesaf
terout
break,
aswel
lasmi
crobi
ologi
cal
l
y.Cont
rol

measur
esar
ecl
i
nical
l
yef
fect
ivei
fcasesceaset
ooccurorr
etur
ntot
he
endemi
clev
el.

Recommendat
ion-St
andar
dPr
ecaut
ionsar
edesi
gnedt
oreducet
he

r
iskoft
ransmi
ssi
onofmi
cro-
organi
smsf
rom bot
hrecogni
zedand

unr
ecogni
zedsour
cesofi
nfect
ioni
nthehospi
tal
.St
andar
dPr
ecaut
ions

appl
i
est
oal
lpat
ient
sregar
dlessoft
hei
rdi
agnosi
s.St
andar
dPr
ecaut
ions

shal
lbei
mpl
ement
edwhencont
actwi
thanyoft
hef
oll
owi
ngar
e

ant
ici
pat
ed:

Bl
ood

Al
lbodyf
lui
ds,
secr
eti
onsandexcr
eti
ons,
wit
htheexcept
ionof

sweatr
egar
dlessofwhet
herornott
heycont
ainv
isi
blebl
ood.

Non-
int
actski
n(t
hisi
ncl
udesr
ashes)

Mucousmembr
anes.

A.Handhy
giene:
Pat
hogeni
cor
gani
smsf
rom col
oni
zedandi
nfect
edpat
ient
s(and

somet
imesf
rom t
heenv
ironment
)tr
ansi
ent
lycont
ami
nat
ethehandsof

st
affdur
ingnor
mal
cli
nical
act
ivi
ti
esandcant
henbet
ransf
err
edt
oot
her

pat
ient
s.Handt
ransmi
ssi
oni
soneoft
hemosti
mpor
tantmet
hodsof

spr
eadofi
nfect
iousagent
sinheal
thcar
efaci
l
iti
es.Pr
operhandhy
gienei
s

anef
fect
ivemet
hodf
orpr
event
ingt
het
ransf
erofmi
crobesbet
weenst
aff

andpat
ient
s.I
ncr
easi
nghand-
washi
ngcompl
i
anceby1.
5–2f
oldswoul
d

r
esul
tina25-
50-
%decr
easei
nthei
nci
denceofheal
thcar
e

associ
atedi
nfect
ions.
Washhandswi
thpl
ainorant
imi
crobi
alsoapand

wat
erorr
ubhandswi
thanal
cohol
-basedf
ormul
ati
onbef
orehandl
i
ng

medi
cat
ionorpr
epar
ingf
ood.

B.Per
sonal
prot
ect
iveequi
pment
-

1.UseofGl
oves:
Cl
eangl
ovesmustbewor
nwhent
ouchi
ngbl
ood,
bodyf
lui
ds,

excr
eti
ons,
secr
eti
onsandcont
ami
nat
edi
temsandwhenper
for
ming

v
eni
punct
ure.

2.FaceMask,
eyepr
otect
ion&f
aceshi
eld:

FaceMaskmustbewor
ndur
ingpr
ocedur
esorpat
ientcar
eact
ivi
ti
es

t
hatar
eex
pect
edt
ogener
atespl
ashesorspr
aysofbl
ood,
bodyf
lui
ds,

secr
eti
onsandexcr
eti
ons.Forexampl
e,suct
ioni
ng,
irr
igat
ingawound,

per
for
mingcer
tai
nlabor
ator
ytest
s,et
c.

3.GownorApr
on:

Gown/
apr
onmustbewor
ntopr
otectski
nandt
opr
eventsoi
l
ingof

cl
othi
ngdur
ingpr
ocedur
esorpat
ientcar
eact
ivi
ti
est
hatar
eexpect
edt
o

gener
atespl
ashesorspr
aysofbl
ood,
bodyf
lui
d,secr
eti
onsand
excr
eti
ons.

Respi
rat
oryhy
giene/
coughet
iquet
te:

I
nst
ructsy
mpt
omat
icper
sonsandheal
thcar
ewor
ker
stocov
ert
hei
r

mout
hs/
noseswhencoughi
ngorsneezi
ng,
useanddi
sposeoft
issues,

per
for
m handhy
gieneaf
terhandshav
ebeeni
ncont
actwi
thr
espi
rat
ory

secr
eti
onsandwearsur
gical
maski
ftol
erat
edormai
ntai
nspat
ial

separ
ati
on,
>3f
eeti
fpossi
ble.

Concl
usi
on–I
timpor
tantt
ocar
erat
hert
hancur
e.Ther
efor
eweshoul
d

pr
ovi
deanappr
oachabouti
nfect
ioncont
rol
inal
lHCW sot
hatr
iskof

i
nfect
ionwi
l
lreducemor
eef
fect
ivel
yandpat
ientwi
l
lnotgetany

nosocomi
ali
nfect
ion.

Di
ff
erentsur
vei
l
lancemet
hodol
ogyi
simpor
tantt
oreducer
iskof

i
nfect
ionst
othepat
ient
..