COMPUTER IS MADE UP OF BOTH HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

1.WHAT IS INSTRUCTION?
--ANY EXECUTABLE COMMAND IS CALLED AS AN INSTRUCTION
--AN INSTRUCTION CONSIST OF TWO THINGS
i)DATA
ii)OPERATION CODE

example==3*4
DATA=3,4
OPERATION CODE=MULTIPLICATION

2.WHAT IS PROGRAM?
--COLLECTION OF INSTRUCTIONS ARE CALLED AS PROGRAM

3.WHAT IS SOFTWARE?
--COLLECTION OF PROGRAMS ARE CALLED AS SOFTWARE

4.WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SOFTWARE?

--SOFTWARES ARE 2 TYPES
A)SYSTEM SOFTWARE
B)APPLICATION SOFTWARE

5.WHAT IS SYSTEM SOFTWARE?

--THE SOFTWARE WHICH IS REQUIRED TO RUN THE SYSTEM IS CALLED AS SYSTEM SOFTWARE
EXAMPLES--
i)OPERATING SYSTEM
ii)ASSEMBLER
iii)DEBUGGER
iv)COMPILER
v)INTERPRETER
etc.

6.APPLICATION SOFTWARE
--THE SOFTWARE WHICH IS REQUIRED BY THE USER TO EXECUTE SPECIFIC APPLICATION IS
CALLED AS APPLICATION SOFTWARE

7.WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM?

--OPERATING SYSTEM IS THE SYSTEM SOFTWARE
--OS PROVIDES THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE USER AND THE HARDWARE DEVICES
--IT MANAGES THE EXECUTION OF ALL PROGRAMS
--A COMPUTER CAN NOT RUN WITHOUT THE OS

8.FUNCTIONS OF OS
--DEVICE MANAGEMENT
--MEMORY MANAGEMENT
--FILE MANAGEMENT
--PROCESS MANAGEMENT
--USER APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
--ERROR MANAGEMENT
--CPU SCHEDULING

9.TYPES OF OS
--OS ARE CATEGORIZED IN TWO WAYS
a)ON THE BASIS OF USER INTERFACE
b)ON THE BASIS OF MODE OF USE

a)ON THE BASIS OF USER INTERFACE

i.GUI(GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE-CAN USE MOUSE CLICK)
ii.CLI(COMMAND LINE INTERFACE-CAN USE ONLY KEYBOARD)

i)GUI(GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE) BASED OS

--provides graphical interface
--users acn access system resources using mouse click
--PROVIDES INTERFACE HAVING ICONS,MENUS etc.TO THE USER TO INTERACT WITH THE
COMPUTER
EXAMPLES:-------
--WINDOWS 95
--WINDOWS 97
--WINDOWS ME
--WINDOWS 98
--WINDOWS XP
--WINDOWS VISTA
--WINDOWS 7
--WINDOWS 8
--WINDOWS 8.1
--WINDOWS 10
--WINDOWS SERVER 2003
--WINDOWS SERVER 2008
--WINDOWS SERVER 2012
--WINDOWS SERVER 2016
--WINDOWS SERVER 2019

ii)CLI(COMMAND LINE INTERFACE) BASED OS

--provides command line interface to the user
--users can access the system resources using command
--PROVIDES THE INTERFACE WHICH ALLOWS USER TO ENTER COMMANDS AS TEXTS TO INTERACT
WITH THE COMPUTER
EXAMPLES:-----
--MS-DOS
--LINUX
--UNIX

b)ON THE BASIS OF MODE OF USE

i)CLIENT OS
ii)SERVER OS/NOS(NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM)--COLLECTION OF SERVICES

10.WHAT IS CLIENT?
--CLIENT IS A PHYSICAL DEVICE WHICH REQUEST FOR SERVICES TO THE SERVER in a
network

11.WHAT IS CLIENT OS?

--THE OS INSTALLED IN CLIENT COMPUTER IS CALLED AS CLIENT OS
EXAMPLE:-
--MS-DOS
--WINDOWS 95
--WINDOWS 97
--WINDOWS ME
--WINDOWS 98
--WINDOWS XP
--WINDOWS VISTA
--WINDOWS 7
--WINDOWS 8
--WINDOWS 8.1
--WINDOWS 10

12.WHAT IS SERVER?
--SERVER IS A PHYSICAL DEVICE WHICH PROVIDEs SERVICES TO THE OTHER DEVICES in a
network

13.WHAT IS SERVER OS?

--THE OS WHICH IS INSTALLED IN SERVER COMPUTER IS CALLED AS SERVER OS
EXAMPLES
--WINDOWS NT 4.0 FOR SERVER
--WINDOWS SERVER 2000
--WINDOWS SERVER 2003
--WINDOWS SERVER 2008
--WINDOWS SERVER 2012
--WINDOWS SERVER 2016
--WINDOWS SERVER 2019
--LINUX
--UNIX

14.WHAT IS USER?
--THE PERSON WHO USES THE RESOURCES OF A COMPUTER OR NETWORK IS CALLED AS AN USER

15.WHAT IS MICROSFT WINDOWS OS ?

--MICROSOFT WINDOWS IS A GROUP OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
--MANUFACTURED BY MICROSOFT
--IT IS A GUI BASED OS USED FOR BOTH HOME AND BUSINESS PURPOSES
--IT IS AVAILABLE IN BOTH 32BITS AND 64 BITS VERSIONS
--IT WAS INTRODUCED IN 1983(DOS) BUT IN 1985 IT WAS RELEASED AS windows

16.MICROSFT WINDOWS OS VERSIONS

17.EDITIONS OF WINDOWS 7
--editions differ in features
--every edition has set of new features
EDITIONS OF WINDOWS 7
i)WINDOWS 7 STARTER
ii)WINDOWS 7 HOME BASIC
iii)WINDOWS 7 HOME PREMIUM
iv)WINDOWS 7 PROFESSIONAL
v)WINDOWS 7 ENTERPRISE
vi)WINDOWS 7 ULTIMATE

18.EDITIONS OF WINDOWS 10
A)WINDOW 10 HOME(used by home users)
B)WINDOW 10 PRO(used by advanced home users)
C)WINDOW 10 ENTERPRISE(used by corporate professionals)
D)WINDOW 10 EDUCATION(used by education corporates)

19.MINIMUM HARDWARE REQUIREMENT FOR INSTALLING WINDOWS 7

i)PROCESSOR-----------------MIN. 1GHZ SPEED
ii)RAM-----------------------1GB(16 BITS) 2GB(64 BITS)
iii)FREE SPACE IN HARD DISK---16GB(16 BITS) 20GB(64 BIT)

21.MINIMUM HARDWARE REQUIREMENT FOR INSTALLING WINDOWS 10?

i)processor speed---------------minimum 1 giga hertz
ii)RAM--------------------------1GB(32BITS) RAM=2GB(64BITS)
iii)free space in HARD DISK-----16GB(32BITS) HARD DISK=20GB(64BITS)

22. HOW TO CHECK WHICH SOFTWARES ARE INSTALLED IN THE HARD DISK
--CONTROL PANEL
--PROGRAMS
--PROGRAMS AND FEATURES

23.WINDOWS FEATURES FOR CORPORATE WORLD

24.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 32-BITS AND 64-BITS

--32bits system can access 2^32 memory address
2^32=4GB RAM
--64bits system can access 2^64 memory address
2^64=18 quintillion(greater than 4GB RAM)
--upto 2006 all were 32 bits OS
--32bits OS means the width of the data bus is 32bits
--64 bits is faster than 32 bits
25.OS LIFE CYCLES IN INDUSTRY