32 bits/4=8 bits(octate)

8bits 8bits 8bits

11001011 1001101 10101111
octate octate octate
2^8 2^8 2^8
256 256 256
0-255 0-255 0-255
minimum=0 minimum=0 minimum=0
maximum=255 maximum=255 maximum=255
10 1 1

IPV4 CLASSES(4.3)
1ST OCTATE 2ND OCTATE 3RD OCTATE
0-127 0-255 0-255
128-191 0-255 0-255
192-223 0-255 0-255
224-239 0-255 0-255

240-255 0-255 0-255

110.1.0.1 199.1.1.1 230.0.0.1

 8bits
10100111
octate
2^8
256
0-255
minimum=0
maximum=255
1 example

4.3)
4TH OCTATE CLASS USED FOR
0-255 CLASS A
0-255 CLASS B USED FOR NETWORKING
0-255 CLASS C
0-255 CLASS D USED FOR MULTICAST

0-255 CLASS E USED FOR R&D(RESEARCH

AND DEVELOPMENT)

1.1.1.2
 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10 1 1 10 A
172 16 1 10 B
192 168 1 1 C
 100.1.1.1+I26:O2nid/host addree
1

2
3
8 bits IP ADDRESS
binary NETWORK ADDRESS

255 CLASS A(32 bits)

0 NETWORK HOST
8bits 8bits
8bits 24bits

CLASS B(32 bits)

NETWORK NETWORK

255 8bits 8bits

16bits

CLASS C(32 bits)

NETWORK NETWORK
8bits 8bits
24bits

A B

HOST OCTATE 3 octates 2 octates

 HOST BITS 24 bits 16 bits
NETWORK OCTATE 1 octate 2 octates
NETWORK BITS 8 bits 16 bits
15.14.13.12
ADDRESS
HOST ADDRESS
SS A(32 bits)
HOST HOST
8bits 8bits
24bits

SS B(32 bits)
HOST HOST
8bits 8bits
16bits

SS C(32 bits)
NETWORK HOST
8bits 8bits
s 8bits

1 octate
 8 bits
3 octates
24 bits
 1ST OCTATE 2ND OCTATE 3RD OCTATE 4TH OCTATE
0-255 0-255 0-255 0-255

A 0-127 0-255 0-255 0-255

B 128-191 0-255 0-255 0-255
C 192-223 0-255 0-255 0-255
D 224-239 0-255 0-255 0-255
E 240-255 0-255 0-255 0-255
 USED FOR NETWORKING

USED FOR MULTICAST

USED FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
 NID 192.168.1.0+1 NOT VALID IP ADDRESS---IT IS U
192.168.1.1 1ST VALID HOST IP

VALID HOST IP ADDRESS RANGE WHICH CAN BE ASSIGNED TO ANY

192.168.1.254 LAST VALID HOST IP

BID 192.168.1.255-1 NOT VALID IP ADDRESS---USED

HOW TO FIND 1ST VALID HOST IP ADDRESS--ADD 1 WITH LAST OCTATE OF

HOW TO FIND LAST VALID HOST IP ADDRESS--SUBSTRACT 1 FROM LAST O

192.192.192.192 FIND
NID 192.192.192.0 NID
BID 192.192.192.255 BID
1ST VALID 192.192.192.1 1ST VALID
LAST VALID 192.192.192.254 LAST VALID NID
11.0.1.0 11.0.0.0
10.10.10.10 129.1.129.1 129.1.0.0
NID 10.0.0.0 192.190.0.1 192.190.0.0
BID 10.255.255.255 172.12.12.10 172.12.0.0
1ST VALID 10.0.0.1 55.56.57.58 55.0.0.0
LAST VALID 10.255.255.254 21.34.0.0 21.0.0.0
100.101.102.103 100.0.0.0
57.23.78.99 57.0.0.0
157.156.1.0 157.156.0.0
ID IP ADDRESS---IT IS USED TO IDENTIFY THE NETWORK--CANT ASSIGN TO ANY HOST

ID IP ADDRESS---USED TO SEND COMMON MESSAGE TO ALL HOSTS-CANT ASSIGN TO ANY HOST

BID 1ST VALID LAST VALID

11.255.255.255 11.0.0.1 11.255.255.254
129.1.255.255 129.1.0.1 129.1.255.254
192.190.0.255 192.190.0.1 192.190.0.254
172.12.255.255 172.12.0.1 172.12.255.254
55.255.255.255 55.0.0.1 55.255.255.254
21.255.255.255 21.0.0.1 21.255.255.254
100.255.255.255 100.0.0.1 100.255.255.254
57.255.255.255 57.0.0.1 57.255.255.254
157.156.255.255 157.156.0.1 157.156.255.254
N TO ANY HOST
100 1 1 1
100 0 0 0 NID

100 100 100 100 A

100 0 0 0 NID

10 0 0 1 10.0.0.0
193 1 0 0 193.1.0.0
128 4 5 6 128.4.0.0
111 111 112 113 111.0.0.0
127 1 0 1 127.0.0.0
 172 16 1 1 B

172 16 0 0

172 16 0 1
172 16 0 0B

10.255.255.255 10.1.1.1 10.0.0.0

193.1.0.255 10.1.1.2 10.0.0.0

128.4.255.255 10.1.1.3 10.0.0.0

111.255.255.255 10.1.1.4 10.0.0.0

127.255.255.255 11.1.1.1 11.0.0.0

192 168 1 1C

192 168 1 0
 1ST OCTATE
A
2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

B
2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

C
2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

D
2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1

D
2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
CTATE IANA RESERVED BITS
0 1 bit A
1 0 2bits B
1 1 0 3 bits C
0 0 1 1 1 0 4 bits D
255-128=127 127 1 1 1 1 5 bits E

128 128
255-64=191 191

192 192
255-32=223 223

224 224
255-16=239 239

240 240
255 255
TOTAL NUMBER OF NETWORKS /CLASS
A
TOTAL NO. OF NETWORKS=
2^NO. NETWORK BITS-1(IANA RESERVED BITS)
2^8-1=2^7=128