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Chapter-1 Introduction to Computer
Chapter Outline
1.0 Introduction

1.1 Objectives

1.2 Computer and Latest IT gadgets

1.2.1 Evolution of Computers & its applications

1.2.2 IT gadgets and their applications

1.3 Basics of Hardware and Software

1.3.1 Hardware

1.3.1.1 Central Processing Unit

1.3.1.2 Input devices

1.3.1.3 Output devices

1.3.1.4 Computer Memory & storage

1.3.2 Software 1.3.2.1 Application Software

1.3.2.2 Systems Software

1.3.2.3 Utility Software 1.3.2.4 Open source and Proprietary Software

1.3.2.5 Mobile Apps 1.4 Summary 1.5 Model Questions and Answers

Chapter: 1. Introduction to Computer

Topic: What is Computer

Introduction to Computer
• The term "Computer" is derived from the Latin word "Computare"
which means "to compute" or "to calculate."

• Computers are machines that perform tasks or calculations according to

a set of instructions or programs.
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• It is an electronic device used to store data and gives the results
accurately within a fraction of second.

COMPUTER

• Computers are extensively used everywhere.

• It mainly consist of four basic unit such as,
o Input Unit
o Storage Unit
o CPU
o OUTPUT UNIT

• Classification of Computer
o Analog Computer
o Hybrid Computer
o Digital Computer

1.2 Types of computer

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Analog Computer

• An analog computer represents the data as physical

quantities and operates on the data by manipulating the
quantities.

• It is designed to process data in which the variable quantities vary

continuously

Analog computer
Hybrid Computer

 A hybrid is a combination of digital and analog computers.

 It combines the best features of both types of computers, i.e. It has the
speed of an analog computer and the memory and accuracy of digital
computer.
 It accepts analog signals, converts them into digital and processes them
in digital form.
 A hybrid computer may use or produce analog data or digital data.
 It accepts a continuously varying input, which is then converted into a
set of discrete values for digital processing.
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Digital Computer

• A digital computer is designed to process the data in

numerical form, its circuits perform mathematical
operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division.

• Digital Computers are generally classified by size and power as follows

o Micro Computer
o Mini Computer
o Mainframe Computer
o Super Computer
Micro Computer
➢ The invention of the microprocessor (single chip CPU) gave birth to the
much cheaper microcomputers.
➢ Micro Computer is a small,relatively inexpensive computer.
➢ Micro Computers are commonly divided into four types such as
Desktop
Laptop
Notebook
PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)

➢ Desktop Computer
❖ A desktop computer is a personal computer (PC)
in a form intended for regular use at a single
location.
❖ Early desktop computers are designed to lie flat
on the desk, while modern towers stand upright.
❖ Most modern desktop computers have separate screens and
keyboards.
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Laptop Computer
➢ A laptop is a portable computer that has same capabilities as a desktop,
but is small enough for easy mobility.

Notebook Computer
➢ A notebook computer has a keyboard with an attached screen.
➢ A notebook's screen is thinner than the usual desktop computer
monitor because the machine is designed to be portable, which is why
the notebook itself is small, compact, and lightweight.

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

➢ Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) is a device similar to a computer that
fits in the palm of users hand and allows them to collect information
such as contacts, appointments, files, programs, and more.

Mini Computer

➢ Mini computers were designed for control, instrumentation, human

interaction, and communication switching as it is distinct from
calculation and record keeping.

Mainframe Computers
➢ Mainframe Computers is a powerful multi-user computer that can
support thousand users simultaneously.
➢ Mainframe computers can also process data at very high speeds, i.e.,
hundreds of million instructions per second and they are also quite
expensive.

➢ Normally, they are used in banking, airlines and railways, etc. for their applications.

Super computer
➢ Super Computers are best in terms of processing capacity and also the
most expensive one.
➢ An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions instructions per second.
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