PRE-COLONIAL PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

- the literature of a formative past by the various of people

who inhabited the archipelago

- a literature of varying human interest

- close to the religious and political organizations of the

ancient Filipinos

- the verses were addressed to the ears rather than the

eyes

- verses composed and sung were regarded as group

property

- Versification:

- Octosyllabic

- legendary and religious poems

- Dodecasyllabic

- Romance

Riddle (Bugtong

- made up of one or more measured lines with rhymes and

may consist of 4 to 12 syllables
- showcase the Filipino wit, literary talent, and keen
observation of the surroundings

- involves reference to one or two images that symbolize

the characteristics of an unknown object that is to be
guessed.

Purpose of Bugtong

- To entertain. Living in remote areas, before the advent of

electricity, families would sit around the fire and the elders
would quiz the younger generation with riddles.

- to educate. Riddles serve the function of passing down

knowledge from one generation to the next. They require
thinking in order to solve them.

- To titillate. many old filipino riddles contain double

entendres that were intended to amuse the men and shock
the women.

- to curse, without expressly cursing. A riddle could be

made up gaints an enemy, rival town, or suitor.

- to preserve the culture. riddles communicate the old ways

from one generation to the next.

Salawikain & Sawikain

- Epigrams/ Maxims/ Proverbs

- short poems that have been customarily been used and
served as laws or rules on goof behavior by our ancestors

- allegories or parables that impart lessons for the young

- often expressing a single idea, that is usually satirical and

had a witty ending

- maxims - rhyming couplets (5,6,8 syllables)

Bulong (Chants)

- used in witchcraft or enchantments

- sa hinaba-haba ng prusisyon sa simbahan din pala ang

tuloy

Kasabihan (sayings)

- used in teasing or to comment on a persons actuations

Tanaga

- a quatrain with seven syllables each with the same rhyme

at the end of each line

- no title

- 7-7-7-7

- AABB
Ambahan

- traditional poetry of the Hanunoo Mangyans of oriental

Mindoro which is normally inscribed on bamboo using a
pre-colonical syllabic writing system called the Surat
Mangyan

- seven-syllable metric lines

- can be composed of more than four lines

- usually chanted

- teaches lessons about life

- recited by parents to educate their children, by the youth

to express their love, by the old to impart experiences, or
by the community in tribal ceremonies.

- some occasions like burial rites, the ambahan is used for

entertainment

Myths

- derived from Philippine folk literature, which is the

traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. this refers
to a wide range of material due to the ethnic mix of the
Philippines.

- there are many different creation myths in Philippines

mythology, originating from various ethnic groups.

- story of bathala
 - Visayan version

- the legend of maria makiling

- Presence of different deities

- Ex. Bathala

- Lakambakod

- Mythical creatures

- aswang

- dila

- diwata

- dwende

- tikbalang

- mankukulam

Ancient metrical tales

- Ifugao - Hudhud hi aliguyon

- Ilocos - Biagni Lam - ang

- Bicol - Ibalon

- mindanao - darangan

- panay - hinilawod

- bagobo - tuwaang
- kalinga - ulaliim

- monobo - agyu or olahing

- subanon - sandayo

Ancient metric tales

- Aliguyon

- the exploits of aliguyon as he battles his arch - enemy,

pambukhayon

- Biagni Lam - Ang

- tells of the adventures of Lam - Ang who exhibits

extraordinary powers at a very early age.

- Ibalon

- the story of three bicol heroes: Baltog, Handiong,

Bantiong

- Hinilawod

- oldest and longest epic poem in Panay

- the exploits of three sulodnon demigod brothers, Labaw

Donggon, Humadapnon and dumalapdap of ancient panay

Folk songs

- a form of folk lyrics which expresses the people's hopes,

aspirations, and lifestyle
- repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naive

- traditional songs and melodies

- inspired by the reaction of the people to their

environment

Uyayi - lullaby

komintang - war song

kundiman - melancholic love song

harana - serenade

tagay - drinking songs

mambayu - kalinga rice-pounding song

subli - dance- ritual song of courtship/ marriage

tagulaylay - songs of the dead

Ang Pangarap Mong Tangan

Pangarap mong tangan tangan,

Isa-puso’t huwag kalimutan;
Tulang ito’y maging kalakasan,
Diyos nawa’y ikaw’y gabayan.

Ano nga ba ang halaga ng inaasam mong tala?

Kung natapakan mo naman ang nagturo, ang naggiya.

Sa rurok ng tagumpay,
Parang walang papantay;
Tila walang kamalay-malay,
Sa kinabukasang naghihintay.

Mapalad silang payak kung mangarap,

Simpleng buhay kaunting sarap;
Sama-samang kumakain sa masiglang hapag,
Magkayakap kung matulog, siksikan sa lapag.

Hindi masama na tayo’y mangarap,

Kung sasamahan yaring pagsisikap;
Kaginhawaan pagkatapos ng hirap,
Walang kasing tamis walang kasing sarap.

Sa kahuli-hulihan’y maging inspirasyon ka,

Ipakitang may pangarap kung wala ang iba;
Magugulat ka sa iyong makikita,
Ningning ng iyong tala sa kanila’y pagpapala.
Tula tungkol sa pangarap ni  Francis Morilao  mula sa
francismorilao.com

Salawikain Tungkol sa Buhay

Ako ang nagbayo. Ako ang nagsaing.

Saka ng maluto’y iba ang kumain.

1. Abot-tanaw

Kahulugan: Naaabot ng tingin
Halimbawa: Aking napagtanto na tayo pala ay abot-tanaw
ng Panginoon.
2. Agaw-dilim

Kahulugan: Malapit nang gumabi

Halimbawa: Agaw-dilim nang umuwi si Ben sa kanilang
bahay.
3. Alilang-kanin

Kahulugan: Utusang walang bayad, pakain lang, pabahay at

pakain ngunit walang suweldo.
Halimbawa: Si Rowena ay alilang kanin ng kanyang Tiya
Ising.
4. Amoy pinipig

Kahulugan: Mabango, nagdadalaga
Halimbawa: Amoy pinipig si Julie.
5. Amoy tsiko

Kahulugan: Lango sa alak, lasing

Halimbawa: Amoy tsiko ng umuwi si Alex sa bahay.
6. Anak-dalita

Kahulugan: Mahirap
Halimbawa: Marami akong kaibigan na anak-dalita.
7. Anak-pawis

Kahulugan: Manggagawa, pangkaraniwang tao

Halimbawa: Ako ma’y anak-pawis rin.
8. Asal hayop

Kahulugan: Masama ang ugali

Halimbawa: Hindi lahat ng mayaman ay asal hayop.
9. Balat-kalabaw

Kahulugan: Matapang ang hiya

Halimbawa: Balat-kalabaw na talaga kahit noon pa.
10. Balik-harap

Kahulugan: Mabuti ang pakikitungo sa harap ngunit taksil

sa likuran.
Halimbawa: Bakit kaya may mga taong balik-harap?
11. Balitang kutsero

Kahulugan: Maling balita / Hindi totoong balita

Halimbawa: Magaling sa balitang kutsero si Mang Victor.
12. Bantay-salakay

Kahulugan: Hindi mapagkakatiwalaan
Halimbawa: Akala mo’y mabait ngunit bantay-salakay
naman pala.
13. Basa ang papel

Kahulugan: Bistado na
Halimbawa: Basa na ang papel ng prinsipal ang inyong
ginawa kaya huwag na kayong magsinungaling.
14. Basag-ulo

Kahulugan: Away
Halimbawa: Mahilig sa basag-ulo si Paking.
15. Bilang na ang araw

Kahulugan: Malapit ng mamatay
Halimbawa: Bilang na ang araw ni Aling Linda.

Mga Halimbawa ng Bulong

1. Tabi, tabi po, ingkong.

2. Makikiraan po.
3. Mano po.
4. Paabot po.
5. Paalam.
6. Ingat lagi.
7. Tabi tabi po apo, alisin mo po ang sakit ng pamilya ko 
8. Lumayo kayo, umalis kayo, at baka mabangga kayo 
9. Huwang kayong maiinggit, nang hindi kayo magipit
10. Pagaling ka, amang, mahirap ang may karamdaman
11. Lumakas-sana sana ang ulan, upang mabasa ang
lupang tigang.
12. Huwag mananakit nang di ka rin mamilipit
13. Huwag manununtok nang di ka rin masapok
14. Ingat po sa biyahe.
15. Pakabait ka.
16. Pagpalain ka nawa.
17. Kung lagi kang payapa, sakit mo'y di lulubha.
18. Puso'y sumusulak, sa praning ang utak

Bulong ng mga Bagobo ng Mindanao

"Nagnakaw ka ng bigas ko,
Umulwa sana mata mo,
mamaga ang katawan mo, 
patayin ka ng mga anito"

Bulong sa Ilocos
"Huwag magalit, kaibigan,
aming pinuputol lamang
ang sa amiy napagutusan"

Bulong sa Bicol
"Dagang malaki, dagang maliit,
ayto ang ngipin kong sira na't pangit.
sana ay bigyan mo ng kapalit"