Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Project of
Supplementary Materials For Cause and Effect Writing
Developed by:
Advisor :
Forouzan Debashi Sharif ( Ph.D)
Cause and Effect Writing
Supplementary material for
Topic students to improve their cause
and effect writing
Intermediate
Students’ level
Contents
• Cause: I've smoked cigarettes daily for 20 years. Effect: I have lung
cancer.
• Cause: A child eats only junk food and never does anything active.
Effect: The child is obese.
Cause and effect examples:
Cause: He hadn’t done his homework. Effect: His teacher got angry.
Cause and effect linking words
• There are three main types of linking words: conjunctions, transitions, and
prepositions.
• Conjunction: because , as , since ( cause) so , (effect)
• Transition: therefore , consequently , as a result ( effect)
• Preposition: due to , because of ( cause , in the form of a noun phrase)
Cause and effect linking words:
Exercises:
• Underline the cause and highlight its effect in each of the following sentences.
• 1. After the dog bit her, we had to take her to the hospital.
• 4. She set fire to the curtain first before the whole house burnt down.
• 3. Since Zinzi bought all the chocolate in the shop, Sarah ______
__________.cause/effect
• BODY (Paragraph1)⇒--------------------------------
In this essay, the format and its --------
parts must be taken into account. • Paragraph 2----------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
It must have:
• Paragraph 3----------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
1. The introduction
2. The body
3. The conclusion
} 3 main paragraphs • C0NCLUSION-----------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------
• Introduction: The introduction must have the topic sentence or background
that this is a statement and the purpose.
Some things that you should include in your introduction paragraph :
1. The ideas expressed will go from general to a specific.
2. the first sentence should catch the readers attention and point him in the
direction of the main subject. It could contain a statistic or quote.
3. The thesis statement will be the last sentence in the introduction paragrap.
The following text is an example of a introduction paragraph. Read it
and pay attention to the colored parts :
⇒
• Body paragraphs: The body must state the causes or effects (depending on
the given topic instructions) which will be described briefly. A thesis stating
what cause or effect is set first which is needed for a more effective body
paragraphs.
•Conclusion: finally, the conclusion must state the summary of points and the
opinion. The writer can also make a generalization and a suggestion in this
part
So far, we have been introduced to the concept of cause and effect
and the main components of a Writing. Now we want to see how we
can write a Cause and Effect Essay.
Read the following paragraph and check its details:
In 2003, two robotic rovers landed on Mars and began sending back data
about the possible existence of water on the red planet. This close
examination of Mars was the result of new and improved technology.
Because of advances in telecommunication systems, scientists on Earth
can send commands faster and receive data in greater amounts. New
software in the rovers led to their increased ability to make independent
decisions and avoid dangers and hazards on their own. As a result of new
technologies for severe environments, the rovers and their interior
computers were able to survive the extreme cold and hot conditions in
space and on Mars. And due to their new improved wheels the twin rovers
could move around the rocky Martian landscape with ease.
What is the topic?
What is the Main idea?
What is the Cause?
What is the Effect?
…………………………………………….
Writing the cause-effect is not difficult. If one can explain why and
how some of the events happened and what came out as the effect
then organising it is just a piece of cake.
Each Writing is made up of several paragraphs that are about a main
subject. Important points in writing Writing or any other text are
paying attention to the subject or topic of writing and expanding it
properly in the number of appropriate paragraphs.
✦How do I organise my Cause-Effect Essay?
(Introduction) ......................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
2. Supporting Details:
After choosing a topic you don’t need to focus on the causes and
effects you will talk about in your essay
A useful way to do this is to make two lists, or use one of the diagrams
below:
Task: Read the text below and write supporting paragraphs (body
paragraphs) suitable for introduction :
(Cause of smoking ⇒ )
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………...
(Effect of smoking on self ⇒ Lung damage, heart disease…)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………
argument: a set of reasons that show that something is true or untrue, right
or wrong etc
Task: Read the text below and write a suitable body paragraphs for it.
……………………………………………….……………………………………….
………………………….(Cause )
……………………………………………….……………………………………
……………………………………………….……………………………………
……………………………………………….……………………………………
........................................ ( Effect)
P. 2 ⇒
P. 1 ⇒
Conclusion
Some good sites to learn and practice more
https://custom-writing.org/blog/interesting-cause-and-effect-essay-topics-ideas
Cause and Effect Essay: University of Michigan
Cause & Effect Essay: Excelsior College
Cause and Effect: Mechanism and Explanation: University of Hawaii System
Social Problems: Open.edu
Cause and Effects of Migration: BBC
Causes and Effects of Human Migration: Khan Academy
Right to Education: Humanium