HALLIDAY'S FRAMEWORK

Translation I
According to Halliday, in any particular situation there are three

key factors in the context that affect the choices we make

from the language system. The three components offer a

system that helps illustrate the socio-linguistic occurrence.

These three components are

field, tenor, and mode.

With this framework, we will be able to understand

the context of what we are going to translate.

 FIELD
it refers to the

k
subject matter
as lf!
rs e
u
yo If the content is

Is the content
specialized, what

What content will I

common sense or
technical terms will

be writing about? specialized? i be using?

TENOR
It refers to the social relationships

existing between the interactants in a

speech situation

What is the
Will I be writing in the
Will I be using formal

relationship
first person, second
language, colloquial,

between me as
person, and/or third
and/or slang?
the author and my
person? formal
audience? first person colloquial
Expert (me) to the
second person
novice (audience) slang
Equal third person
Novice (me) to expert

(audience)
Is the relationship
Is the relationship

personal or
formal or

impersonal? informal?
personal formal
who is my

audience? impersonal informal

 How will my text be

published?
MODE
it describes the way

written report the language is

How will I make

multimedia

presentation
being used in the

it sound
speech
speech interaction,

spoken-like or
other: _________ including the

written-like? medium (spoken,

Will my text be
Will my text be

written, written to be

spoken-like or
planned or
spoken, etc.) as well

written-like? spontaneous? as the rhetorical

spoken-like planned
mode (expository,

instructive,

written-like spontaneous
persuasive, etc.).

 So now that we

have all the

ingredients, it's

easier and clearer

how to translate

the document!