Hello Class Lecture: 10.

4 Poles & Zero’s

at the Origin

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Lecture 10.4
Topic: Poles & Zero’s At the Origin

Prepared by
Engr. Dr. Muhammad Farhan
Email: mfarhan@gcuf.edu.pk
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Hello Class Lecture: 10.4 Poles & Zero’s
at the Origin

Poles & Zeros at the origin

• Let us consider for simplicity single pole at the origin
40 1 1 1
𝐺(𝑠)𝐻(𝑠) = 𝐺(𝑠)𝐻(𝑠) = 𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = =
𝑠 𝑠+2 𝑠+4 𝑠 𝑗𝜔 0 + 𝑗𝜔
1 1
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑡 → |𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔)| = =
0+𝜔 2 𝜔
1
𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝐵 = 20Log 𝑑𝐵
𝜔

20L𝑜𝑔 𝜔 −1 𝑑𝐵 = −20L𝑜𝑔𝜔 𝑑𝐵

• 1 pole at the origin contributes to the magnitude plot according to the

equation - 20 log 𝜔

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Hello Class Lecture: 10.4 Poles & Zero’s
at the Origin

Poles & Zeros at the origin

|𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔)| = −20Log 𝜔

𝜔 = 1 → |𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔)| = 0 𝑑𝐵 𝜔 = 10 → |𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔)| = −20 𝑑𝐵

𝜔 = 100 → |𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔)| = −40 𝑑𝐵 𝜔 = 0.1 → |𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔)| = +20 𝑑𝐵

• 1 pole at origin reduces |𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔)| the at the rate of - 20 dB per decade. Hence
slope of magnitude plot for 1 pole at the origin is called – 20 dB/decade.

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Hello Class Lecture: 10.4 Poles & Zero’s
at the Origin

Poles & Zeros at the origin

• Consider two poles at origin 1 1 1
𝐺(𝑠)𝐻(𝑠) = 2 𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = .
𝑠 𝑗𝜔 𝑗𝜔
1 1 1 1 −2
|𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔)| = . = 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝐵 = 20log 2 = 20log 𝜔 = −40Log𝜔
𝜔 𝜔 𝜔2 𝜔
• So it is straight line of slope- 40 dB/decade.

Contribution
Contribution
by zeros at
by poles at
origin
origin

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Hello Class Lecture: 10.4 Poles & Zero’s
at the Origin

Poles & Zeros at the origin (Phase angle plot)

• Consider 1 pole at the origin
1 1
𝐺(𝑠)𝐻(𝑠) = 𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔) =
𝑠 𝑗𝜔
1 00
∠𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = ∠ = 0 = −900
𝑗𝜔 90

• So phase angle plot of pole at origin is line

parallel to X-axis contributing - 90° to phase
angle.
• For 2 poles at origin
1 1 1
𝐺(𝑠)𝐻(𝑠) = 2 𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = . • 1 zero at the origin contribute +90 Degree
𝑠 𝑗𝜔 𝑗𝜔
• 2 zeros at the origin contribute +180 Degree
1 1 00
∠𝐺(𝑗𝜔)𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = ∠ ∠ = 0 0 = −1800
𝑗𝜔 𝑗𝜔 90 .90
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