COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector: CONSTRUCTION
Qualification Title: CARPENTRY NC II
Unit of Competency: STAKE-OUT BUILDING LINES
Module Title: STAKING-OUT BUILDING LINES
ST. ISIDORE “THE FARMER’S” LEARNING CENTER INC.
 HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED
LEARNING MATERIAL

Welcome to the module in Staking out Building Lines. This module

contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order
to complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning
outcome are Information Sheets, Self-Checks, Operation Sheets and Job
Sheets. Follow these activities on your own. If you have questions, don't
hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.
The goal of this course is the development of practical skills. To gain
these skills, you must learn basic concepts and terminology. For the most
part, you'll get this information from the Information Sheets and TESDA
Website, www.tesda.gov.ph
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency, in "Stake-out Building Lines".
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge
and skills in this particular competency independently and at your own
pace, with minimum supervision or help from your instructor.
Remember to:
Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section.
Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or
manager. He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to
do things.
You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice
on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work
shifts. This way you will improve both your speed and memory and also
your confidence.
Use the Self-checks, Operation Sheets or Job Sheets at the end of
each section to test your own progress.
When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask
your Trainer to evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be
recorded in your Progress Chart and Accomplishment Chart.
You need to complete this module before proceeding to fabricating
formwork components.
 MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Stake-out Building Line

MODULE TITLE : Staking-out Building Line

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This module covers the knowledge, skills and

attitude in preparing materials for stake-out
building lines, setting batter boards, fixing
building lines.

NOMINAL DURATION : 24 hrs.

CERTIFICATE LEVEL : NC II
PREREQUISITE :

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:

1) Prepare materials for stake-out building lines

2) Stake-out and set batter boards
3) Fix building lines
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1) Plans and details are correctly interpreted and identified according

to job requirements

2) Materials, tools and equipment are identified consistent with job

requirements
3) Materials and tools are properly stored and freed from defects.

4) Appropriate PPE are selected according to job requirements.

5) Stakes are set out from pre-determined building lines
6) Batter board materials are measured, laid out and cut according to
specification

7) Stakes are set 0.75-1.00 meter away from the pre-determined

building lines

8) Batter boards are properly secured with tolerance for dimensions at

+- 5 mm, and levelness of +-3 mm.
9) Building lines are squared with end tolerance of +- 3 mm
10) Building lines are measured and set
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 1 Prepare materials for stake-out
building lines
CONTENTS:
• Interpretation of Plans and Details
• Material Specifications
• Board Foot Computations
• Tools, Materials and Equipment for Staking-out Building Lines
• Company Rules and Regulation

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
• Plans and details are correctly interpreted and identified according
to job requirements
• Materials, tools and equipment are identified consistent with job
requirements
• Materials and tools are properly stored and freed from defects.
• Appropriate PPE are selected according to job requirements.

CONDITIONS:
You must be provided with the
following:
1. WORKPLACE LOCATION
2. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT Hand Saw
Hammer Chalk
Line
Marking Tools Water Hose Level
Measuring Tools Plumb Bob
Steel Square PPE
Try-square Circular Saw
3. TRAINING MATERIALS
Leaning Packages
Bond paper
Ball pens
Manuals
Related References
ASSESSMENT METHOD

Portfolio
 Learning Experience
PREPARE MATERIALS FOR STAKE-OUT BUILDING LINES

Learning Activities Special Instructions

 Read Information Sheet
No. 1.1-1 on
Interpretation of Plans
and Details
 Answer Self-Check Compare your answer to the answer key
No. 1.1-1
 Read Information Sheet
No. 1.1-2 on Material
Specifications
 Answer Self-Check Compare your answer to the answer key
No. 1.1-2
 Read Information Sheet
No. 1.1-3 on Board Foot
Computations
 Answer Self-Check No. Compare your answer to the answer key
1.1-3
 Read Information Sheet
No. 1.1-4 on Tools,
Materials and Equipment
for Staking-out Building
Lines
 Answer Self-Check No. Compare your answer to the answer key
1.1-4
 Read Information Sheet
No. 1.1-5 on Company
Rules and Regulations
 Answer Self-Check No. Compare your answer to the answer key
1.1-5
 INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-1
INTERPRETATION OF PLANS AND DETAILS

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to RECOGNIZE
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRAWINGS AND THEIR USES.

CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS

Generally, construction or "working" drawings furnish enough

information for the Builder to complete an entire project and incorporate
all three main groups of drawings-architectural, electrical, and mechanical.
Normally, construction drawings include the detail drawings,
assembly drawings, bill of materials, and the specifications.
Construction drawings consist mostly of right-angle and
perpendicular views prepared by draftsmen using standard technical
drawing techniques, symbols, and other designations. The first section of
the construction drawings consists of the site plan, plot plan, foundation
plans, floor plans, and framing
plans. General drawings consist of
plans (views from above) and
elevations (side or front views)
drawn on a relatively small scale.
Both types of drawings use a
standard set of architectural
symbols. Figure 1 illustrates the
conventional symbols for the
more common types of material
used on structures. Figure 2 shows
the more common symbols used
for doors and windows. Study
these symbols thoroughly before
proceeding further in this chapter.

Figure 1. Architectural symbols for

plans and elevations.
 Figure 2. Architectural symbols for doors and windows.

A. Site Plan
A site plan shows the contours, boundaries, roads, utilities, trees,
structures, and any other significant physical features on or near the
construction site. The locations of proposed structures are shown in
outline.
 Figure 3. Site plan

B. Plot Plan
The plot plan shows the
survey marks with the elevations
and the grading requirements. The
plot plan is used by the
Engineering Aids to set up the
corners and perimeter of the
building using batter boards and
line stakes, as shown in Figure 4.
Thus, the plot plan furnishes the
essential data for laying out the
building.

Figure 4. Plot plan

C. Foundation Plan
A foundation plan is a plane view of a structure. That is, it looks as if
it were projected onto a horizontal plane and passed through the
structure. In the case of the foundation plan, the plane is slightly below the
level of the top of the foundation wall.
 Figure 5. Foundation plan

D. Floor Plan
An architectural or structural floor plan shows the structural
characteristics of the building at the level of the plane of projection. A
mechanical floor plan shows the plumbing and heating systems and any
other mechanical components other than those that are electrical. An
electrical floor plan shows the lighting system and any other electrical
systems.

Figure 6. Shows the way a floor plan is developed: from elevation, to cutting
plane, to floor plan
 Figure 7 is a floor plan
showing the lengths,
thicknesses, and character
of the outside walls and
partitions at the particular
floor level. It also shows the
number, dimensions, and
arrangement of the rooms,
the widths and locations of
doors and windows, and the
locations and character of
bathroom, kitchen, and
other utility features.

Figure 7. Floor plans

E. Elevations
The front, rear, and sides of a structure, as they would appear
projected on vertical planes, are shown in elevations. Studying the
elevation drawing gives you a working idea of the appearance and layout
of the structure.

Figure 8. Elevations for a small

F. Framing Plans
Framing plans show the size, number, and location of the structural
members (steel or wood) that make up the building framework. Separate
framing plans may be drawn for the floors, walls, and roof.
 The floor framing plan must specify the sizes and spacing of
joists, girders, and columns used to support the floor.

Figure 9. Floor framing plan

 Wall framing plans show the location and method of

framing openings and ceiling heights so that studs and posts can
be cut.
 Roof framing plans show the construction of the rafters used to
span the building and support the roof. Size, spacing, roof slope, and
all details are shown.

G. Sectional Views
Sectional views, or
sections, provide important
information about the height,
materials, fastening and
support systems, and
concealed features of a
structure.

Figure 10. Typical small building cutting-plane A-A

and section developed from the cutting plane
 Typical sections represent the average condition throughout a
structure and are used when construction features are repeated many
times. Figure 11 shows typical wall section A-A of the foundation plan in
Figure 5.

Figure 11. A typical section of a masonry building

H. Details
Details are large-scale drawings that
show the builders of a structure how its
various parts are to be connected and placed.
Detail drawings are used whenever the
information provided in elevations, plans, and
sections is not clear enough for the
constructors on the job.
The construction of doors, windows, and
eaves is customarily shown in detail drawings
of buildings. Typical door and window details
are shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12. Door and window details

 SELF- CHECK NO. 1.1-1
Check your mastery in interpretation of plans and details by completing
the tasks below.
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Identify the types of plans on the following statement.
Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It shows the contours, boundaries, roads, utilities, trees, structures, and

any other significant physical features on or near the construction site.
a. Floor plan c. Plot plan
b. Foundation plan d. Site plan
2. This plan shows the survey marks with the elevations and the grading
requirements. It is used by the Engineering Aids to set up the corners
and perimeter of the building using batter boards and line stakes.
a. Floor plan c. Plot plan
b. Foundation plan d. Site plan
3. It is a plane view of a structure. That is, it looks as if it were
projected onto a horizontal plane and passed through the structure.
a. Floor plan c. Plot plan
b. Foundation plan d. Sectional view
4. This shows the structural characteristics of the building at the level of
the plane of projection.
a. Architectural/structural floor plan c. Elevation
b. Details d. Sectional view
5. The front, rear, and sides of a structure, as they would appear
projected on vertical planes, are shown in this drawing. This drawing gives
you a working idea of the appearance and layout of the structure.
a. Architectural/structural floor plan c. Elevation
b. Details d. Sectional view
6. Plan showing the size, number, and location of the structural members
(steel or wood) that make up the building framework.
a. Architectural/structural floor plan c. Framing plan
b. Elevation d. Sectional view
7. It provides important information about the height, materials, fastening
and support systems, and concealed features of a structure.
a. Architectural/structural floor plan c. Framing plan
b. Elevation d. Sectional view
8. These are large-scale drawings that show the builders of a structure
how its various parts are to be connected and placed.
a. Details c. Framing plan
b. Foundation plan d. Sectional view
 ANSWER KEY 1.1-1

Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it
right, refer back to corresponding resources until you make it perfect.

1. D
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. A
 INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-2
MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONS

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to KNOW the
TYPES, STANDARD SIZES, and USES of LUMBER for
CONSTRUCTION CARPENTRY.

The primary components used in frame construction are lumber and

hardware. This section includes information on the types and sizes of
lumber as well as a description of various metal fasteners.

A. Lumber
Lumber varies greatly in structural characteristics. A carpenter must
learn about lumber so that he can choose the most suitable material for
each job.

1. GradesCompare your answer to the answer key

Lumber, as it comes from the sawmill, is divided into three main
classes: yard lumber, structural material and factory and shop
lumber. It is classified on the basis of quality. The carpenter must
choose a quality that is suitable for the intended purpose. At the same
time, he must exercise economy by not choosing a better (and
therefore more expensive) grade than is required.
Lumber is subdivided into classifications of select lumber and
common lumber.

 Select Lumber - Select lumber is of good appearance and finishing.

It is identified by the following grade names for comparison of
quality:
o Grade A is suitable for natural finishes and is practically clear.
o Grade B is suitable for natural finishes, is of high quality, and is
generally clear.
o Grade C is suitable for high-quality paint finishes.
o Grade D is suitable for paint finishes between high-
finishing grades and common grades and has somewhat the
nature of both.

 Common Lumber - Common lumber is suitable for general

construction and utility purposes. It is identified by the following
grade names for comparison of quality:
 o No. 1 common is suitable for use without waste, it is sound and
tight knotted, and it may be considered watertight lumber.
o No. 2 common is less restricted in quality than No. 1, but of the
same general quality. It is used for framing, sheathing, and other
structural forms where the stress or strain is not too great.
o No. 3 common permits some waste, and it is lower in quality
than No. 2. It is used for such rough work as footing, guardrails,
and rough flooring.
o No. 4 common permits waste, is of low quality, and may have
coarse features such as decay and holes. It is used for sheathing,
subfloors, and roof boards in the cheaper types of construction,
but its most important industrial outlet is for boxes and crates.
o No. 5 common is not produced in some kinds of lumber. It is
used for boxes, crates, and dunnage, for which the quality
requirement is very low.

CODE FOR SURFACED LUMBER

Code Meaning
S1E SURFACED 1 EDGE
S2E SURFACED 2 EDGES
S1S SURFACED 1 SIDE
S2S SURFACED 2 SIDES
S1S1E SURFACED 1 SIDE AND EDGE
S2SIE SURFACED 2 SIDES AND 1 EDGE
S1S2E SURFACED 1 SIDE AND 2 EDGES
S4S SURFACED 4 SIDES

2. Uses of Lumber

a. Frames. Building frames are the wood forms constructed to

support the finished members of a structure. These include posts,
girders (beams), scabs, joists, subfloors, sole plates, girts, knee
braces, top plates, and rafters. No. 2 common lumber is used for
framing. Heavy frame components, such as beams and girders, are
made by combining several pieces of framing material.
b. Walls. The exterior wall of a frame structure usually has three
layers: sheathing, building paper, and siding. Sheathing and siding
lumber are normally grade No. 2 common softwood, which is with
solid knots, no voids. Siding is either vertically or horizontally
applied. Theater construction may limit available material to lap
siding for both horizontal and vertical surfaces. For local
procurement, there are several types of drop and bevel siding, which
is applied horizontally.
3. Sizes
Lumber is usually sawed into standard dimensions (length, width,
and thickness). This allows uniformity in planning structures and in
ordering materials. Table 1 lists the common widths and thicknesses of
wood in rough and in dressed dimensions in the US. Standards have been
established for dimension differences between the quoted size of lumber
and its standard sizes when dressed.
Quoted size refers to dimensions prior to surfacing. These
dimension differences must be taken into consideration. A good example
of the dimension difference is the common 2 x 4. As shown in Table 1, the
familiar quoted size 2 x 4 is the rough or nominal dimension, but the
actual dressed size is 1 1/2 x 3 1/2 inches. Lumber is sawn in standard
sizes used for light framing.
 Thickness: 1, 2, and 4 inches.
 Width: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 inches.
 Length: 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 feet.
The actual dimensions of dressed lumber are less than the sawn
dimensions because of drying and planing (or finishing). For the relative
difference between sawn (standard or nominal) dimensions and actual
sizes of construction lumber, see Table 2-1.

Table 1. Nominal and dressed sizes of lumber

Plywood is usually 4 x 8 feet and varies from 1/8 to 1 inch in

thickness.
 INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-3
BOARD FOOT COMPUTATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to know the
METHODS OF MEASURING LUMBER QUANTITIES IN TERMS OF
BOARD FEET, which is the unit by which it is ordered.

The amount of lumber required is measured in board feet. A board

foot (BF) is a unit measure representing an area of 1 foot by 1 foot, 1 inch
thick. Thus, a board that is 1 inch thick, 1 foot wide, and 1 foot long
measures 1 board foot. A board that is 1 inch thick, 1 foot wide, and 12
feet long measures 12 board feet.

A. Methods of computing BF

1. Rapid Estimate. You can estimate BF rapidly by using Table 2. For

example, reading the table, you can see that if a 2-inch by 12-inch
board is 16 feet long, your board feet would be 32.

Table 2. Board feet

2. Arithmetic Method. To determine the number of BF in one or more
pieces of lumber use the following formula:

NOTE: If the unit of measure for length is in inches, divide by

144 instead of 12.

Sample Problem 1: Find the number of BF in a piece of lumber 2

inches thick, 10 inches wide, and 6 feet long (Figure 13).

Sample Problem 2: Find the number of BF in 10 pieces of lumber 2

inches thick, 10 inches wide, and 6 feet long.

Sample Problem 3: Find the number of BF in a piece of lumber 2

inches thick, 10 inches wide, and 18 inches long.

Figure 13. Lumber dimensions

3. Tabular Method. The standard Essex board measure table (Figure

14) is a quick aid in computing BF. It is located on the back of the blade
of the framing square. In using the board measure table, make all
computations on the basis of 1-inch thickness. The inch markings along
the outer edge of the blade represent the width of a board 1 inch thick.
The third dimension (length) is provided in the vertical column of
figures under the 12-inch mark.

Figure 14. Essex board measure table

Sample Problem: To compute the number of BF in a piece of lumber

that is 8 inches wide, 14 feet long, and 4 inches thick-

1. Find the number 14 in the vertical column under the 12-inch

mark.
2. Follow the guideline under number 14 laterally across the blade
until it reaches the number on that line that is directly under the
inch mark matching the width of the lumber.

Example: Under the 8-inch mark on the guideline, moving left from
14, the numbers 9 and 4 appear (9 and 4 should be on the same line
as 14). The number to the left of the vertical line represents feet; the
number to the right represents inches.

3. The total number is 37 1/3 BF. BF will never appear in a

decimal form.

Example solution: 1" x 4" x 8' x 14' Feet Inches

NOTE: 1" x 4" = Always multiply the number of pieces by the
thickness and multiply the feet and inches by the sum of pieces
and thickness.
 SELF- CHECK NO. 1.1-3

Check your mastery in board foot computation by completing the

tasks below.

A. Compute for the board foot of the given measurements.

Board Foot Size (BF) Board Foot Size (BF)

1. 1” x 4” x 6’ = 7. 2” x 6” x 8’ =
2. 2” x 4” x 12’ = 8. 2” x 6” x 6’ =
3. 1” x 10” x 8’ = 9. 1” x 4” x 12’ =
4. 2” x 6” x 16’ = 10. 1” x 14” x 10’ =
5. 4” x 4” x 8’ = 11. 4” x 4” x 12’ =
6. 6” x 6” x 6’ = 12. 6” x 6” x 16’ =
 ANSWER KEY 1.1-3

Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it
right, refer back to corresponding resources until you make it perfect.

1. 2 sq.feet
2. 8 sq.feet
3. 6.67 or 7 sq.feet
4. 48 sq.feet
5. 10.67 or 11 sq.feet
6. 18 sq.feet
7. 8 sq.feet
8. 6 sq.feet
9. 4 sq.feet
10. 11.67 or 12 sq.feet
11. 16 sq.feet
12. 48 sq.feet
 INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-4
TOOLS, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT FOR STAKING-OUT
BUILDING LINES

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to know the
DIFFERENT TYPES of TOOLS and MATERIALS USED in STAKING-OUT
BUILDING LINES.

It is very important to know that the name and proper use of each of
the various tools we need in our works. In addition, application on their
proper care and maintenance will give you the following advantages:
efficiency of the work, quality speed and accomplishment and accuracy.

A. Tools and Equipments

Pencils
For more accurate marking and a longer-lasting point, they can
easily be sharpened to a chisel-point.

Figure 15. Pencils

Claw Hammer
Although this tool is basically for nailing
and extracting nails, it has also been
widely used over the years by using the
side of the head as an alternative to the
wooden mallet. The claw is also used for a
limited amount of leverage work, such as
separating nailed boards, etc.

Figure 16. Claw Hammer

Water hose level

It is used to determine the horizontal levelness of a particular object.
Spirit Level
This is an essential tool for plumbing and
leveling operations. When checking or setting up a
level or plumb position, be sure that the bubble is
equally settled between the lines on the vial for
accurate readings.

Figure 17. Spirit Level

Plumb bob
It is a cone shaped metal suspended on a string used to check the
verticalness of a particular object.

Figure 18. Plumb bob

Nylon string
It is used to indicate the sides of the building.

Figure 19. Nylon

Tape Rule
This is essential for fast,
efficient measuring on site work. For this
type of carrying-rule, sizes vary between
2 m and 10 m. Models with lockable,
power-return blades and belt clips, one
of 3.5 m
and one of 8 m length are recommended. Figure 20. Tape Rule
Try square
It is used like the steel square but in small works.

Figure 21. Try-square

Steel square
It is a L-shaped with one arm forming a perfect right angle to the
other. It used to check the squareness of a corner.

Figure 22. Steel square

Ripping/Wrecking bar
This is used to pull out long nails. This may be straight or gooseneck.
It has a nail slot for pulling out spikes and wedging apart nailed boards.
 Figure 23. Ripping/wrecking bar

Ax or Hatchet
An ax or hatchet is used during the staking out operation to sharpen
the ends of batter board posts and corner stakes.

Figure 24. Ax or hatchet

Crosscut Saw
This is for cutting timber across the
grain. When crosscutting, the saw should
be at an approximate angle of 45° to the
timber.

Figure 25. Crosscut Saw

Bolo
It is used to cut pegs for stake-out.
Sledge hammer
A sledge hammer or maul is needed to sink corner stakes or batter
board posts.
Posts or Stakes
Batter board posts are made to the desired lengths from 2 by 4's
or 4 by 4's. Corner stakes are made from 4 by 4's, and batter boards
from 1 by 4's or 1 by 6's.
Engineer's Transit or Leveling Instrument
The engineer's transit or leveling instrument is used to establish a
proper reference or grade line from which the builder may build up or
down with consistent accuracy as to vertical level.

Figure 26. Engineers transit

 SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-4

Check your mastery in types of tools and materials used in staking

out building lines by completing the tasks below.

Directions: Identify the tool materials asked for. Write your answer on
the space provided before the number.

1. It is used to drive pegs for stake-out

2. It is used to check the verticalness

3. It is used to layout measurements

4. It is used to check squareness

5. It is used to drive and pull out nails

6. It is used to check the levelness

7. It is used to cut along the grain of wood

8. It is used to indicate the sides of a building

9. It is used to make pegs for stake-out

10. It is used for cutting across the grain of wood.

 ANSWER KEY NO. 1.1-4

Check your answer with the answer key below. if you fail to get it
right, refer back to corresponding resources until you make it perfect.

1. SLEDGE HAMMER
2. PLUMB BOB
3. TRY SQUARE
4. PULL PUSH RULE
5. CLAW HAMMER
6. LEVEL BAR
7. RIP SAW
8. NYLON STRING
9. BOLO
10. CROSS CUT SAW
 INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-5
COMPANY RULES AND REGULATIONS

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to know the
COMPANY RULES AND REGULATIONS.

To avoid headache and unnecessary expenses, make sure that all

necessary permits are secured from local authorities concerned before any
activity in the construction site.

1. Relocate the boundaries of the construction, especially lots without

existing reference point or adjoining structures. This job is to be
given to a geodetic engineer.
2. Clear all sites of any existing structures, trees and elements that will
obstruct the construction activities. Cutting of trees requires permit
from the Department of Energy and Natural Resources.
3. Allocate space for warehousing, workers’ quarter and construction
office which are usually requirements in the construction embodied
in the specification contract.
4. Apply and secure temporary electric power connections and water
supply.
5. The site of the construction must be securely fenced to protect the
construction activities from onlookers and passersby and to also
protect the materials from pilferage both from the outside and the
inside.
6. Determine the building set back from the road line. Install the stake
on the ground at a reasonable spacing that will fit into the length of
the batter board available.
 SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-5

Check your mastery in types of doors and window symbols by

completing the tasks below.

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, answer the following questions:

In securing the necessary permits needed before erecting a building,

what local authorities can help you?

1) Building permit

2) Electrical permit

3) Sanitary and plumbing permit

4) Zoning clearance

5) Fencing permit

6) Permit to cut trees

7) Water installation permit

8) Excavation and ground preparation permit

9) Enclosure permit

10) Mechanical permit

11) Scaffolding permit

12) Sidewalk construction permit

 ANSWER KEY NO. 1.1-5

Check your mastery in types of doors and window symbols by

completing the tasks below.

1) Engineering office
2) Electric company
3) Engineering office
4) Registry of Deeds
5) DENR
6) Water district
7) Engineering office
8) Engineering office
9) Engineering office
10) Engineering office
11) Engineering office
12) Engineering office
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 2 Stake-out and set batter boards
CONTENT/S:
• Setting Batter Boards

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
• Stakes are set out from pre-determined building lines
• Batter board materials are measured, laid out and cut according to
specification
• Stakes are set 0.75-1.00 meter away from the pre-determined
building lines
• Batter boards are properly secured with tolerance for dimensions
at +- 5 mm, and levelness of +- 3 mm.
• Appropriate PPE is used according to job requirements

CONDITIONS:
You must be provided with the
following:
1. WORKPLACE LOCATION
2. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT Hand Saw
Hammer Chalk
Line
Marking Tools Water Hose Level
Measuring Tools Plumb Bob
Steel Square PPE
Try-square Circular Saw
3. TRAINING MATERIALS
Leaning Packages
Bond paper
Ball pens
Manuals
Related References
ASSESSMENT METHOD

Portfolio
 Learning Experience
STAKE-OUT AND SET BATTER BOARDS

Learning Activities Special Instructions

 Read Information Sheet
No. 1.2-1 on Setting
batterboards
 Answer Self-Check Compare your answer to the answer key
No. 1.2-1
 Perform Job Sheet No. Evaluate your own work using the
1.2-1 on Installing Batter Performance Criteria
Boards Present your work to your trainer for
evaluation
Keep a copy of your work for the next
activities
 Perform Operation Evaluate your own work using the
Sheet No. 1.2-1a Layout Performance Criteria
the (Rectangular) Site Present your work to your trainer for
evaluation
Keep a copy of your work for the next
activities
 Perform Operation Evaluate your own work using the
Sheet No. 1.2-1b on Set Performance Criteria
and Stake Procedure Present your work to your trainer for
evaluation
Keep a copy of your work for the next
activities
 Perform Operation Evaluate your own work using the
Sheet No. 1.2-1c on Performance Criteria
Determining the location Present your work to your trainer for
of the batter boards and evaluation
construct them Keep a copy of your work for the next
activities
 INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.2-1
SETTING BATTER BOARDS

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to STAKE BATTER
BOARD.

A. Batter boards are a temporary framework used to assist in locating

corners when laying out a foundation.
• Batter-board posts are made from 2 x 4 or 4 x
4 material
• Corner stakes are made from 2 x 2s
• Batter boards are made from 1 x 4 or 1 x 6 pieces

B. Staking Procedures
Corner stakes are driven to mark the exact
corners of the project. Excavating for a foundation will
disturb the stakes, so batter boards are set up outside
the boundary established by the stakes to preserve
definite and accurate building lines. Heavy cord or fine
wire is stretched from one batter board to another to
mark these lines.
Figure 23. Right-angle batter boards

C. Location of Batter Boards

The illustration below shows how to locate batter boards. Right-angle
batter boards are erected 3 or 4 feet outside of each corner stake. Straight
batter boards are erected 3 or 4 feet outside of the line stakes.

Figure 24. Batter board

D. Construction of Batter Boards
Right-angle batter boards should be fastened to the posts after the
posts are sunk. Since the boards should be at the exact height of the top
of the foundation, it may be desirable to adjust the height by nailing the
boards to the stakes after the stakes
have been sunk. Right-angle batter
boards may be nailed close to
perpendicular by using a framing
square and should be leveled by
means of a carpenter's level before
they are secured. Then, angle saw cuts
may be made or nails driven into the
tops of the boards to hold the lines in
place. Separate cuts or nails may be
used for the building line, the
foundation line, the footing line, and
excavation lines. These grooves permit
the removal and replacement of the
lines in the correct position.
Figure 25. Construction of batter boards

E. EXTENDING LINES
The following procedure applies to a simple layout as shown below,
and must be amended to apply to different or more complex layout
problems:
Step 1. After locating and sinking stakes A and B. erect batter boards 1, 2,
3, and 4. Extend a chalk line (X) from batter board 1 to batter board 3,
over stakes A and B.
Step 2. After locating and sinking stake C, erect batter boards 5 and 6.
Extend chalk line Y from batter board 2 over stakes A and C to batter
board 6.
Step 3. After locating and sinking stake D, erect batter boards 7 and
8. Extend chalk line Z from batter board 5 to batter board 7, over
stakes C and D.
Step 4. Extend line O from batter board 8 to batter board 4, over stakes D
and B.
 Figure 26. Laying out building line

Where foundation walls are wide at the bottom and extend beyond
the outside dimensions of the building, the excavation must be larger
than the laid-out size. To lay out dimensions of this excavation, measure
out as far as required from the building line on each batter board and
stretch lines between these points, outside the first layout.

The lines may be at a right angle where they cross the corner
layout stakes, found by holding a plumb bob over the corner layout
stakes and adjusting the lines until they touch the plumb-bob line. All
lines should be checked with a line level or a carpenter's level.
 JOB SHEET NO. 1.2-1
Title: Install Batter Boards

Performance Objective: Given the necessary materials, you should

Supplies and Materials:
Tools and Equipment:
Steps/Procedure:
be able to install batter boards
Working Drawing/ Plan
Lumber, plywood, fasteners
• Hammer • Chalk Line
• Marking Tools • Water Hose Level
• Measuring Tools • Plumb Bob
• Nylon String • Hand Saw
• Steel Square • PPE
• Try-square • Circular Saw
• Hand Saw

a. Lay out the site (refer to Operation Sheet No. 1.2-1a on Laying
out the Site)
1. Establish the maximum outer perimeter.
2. Establish the desired distance at which the project will parallel the
established front line.
3. Establish the rear line.
4. Establish the sidelines.

b. Set and stake batter boards. Drive the corner stakes to mark
the exact corners of the project (refer to Operation Sheet No.
1.2-1b on Setting and Staking Batter Board)

c. Locate and construct batter boards (refer to Operation Sheet

No. 1.2-1c).
1. Drive the posts into the ground.
2. Fasten the right-angle batter boards with a framing square to
ensure that the boards are perpendicular.
3. Use a carpenter's level to level the batter board before nailing.
4. Saw grooves or notches and run the string lines.

d. Extend and square the lines (refer to Operation Sheet No.1.3-

1 on Extending and Squaring the Lines)
1. Use the plumb bob over the corner layout stake and adjust the
lines until the lines intersect or touch the plumb bob line.
 2. Check all the lines for levelness by using a line level or
carpenter's level.
3. Square the lines by using both the 6-8-10 and the diagonal
method.

Assessment Method:
Portfolio
Demonstration
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
JOB SHEET NO. 1.2-1

Name of Trainee: Date:

CRITERIA YES NO
1. Are the stakes set out from the pre-determined
building lines?

2. Did I measure, laid out and cut batter board

materials according to specifications?

3. Are the stakes set 0.75-1.00 meter away from

the pre-determined building lines?

4. Did I secure all the batter boards properly with

tolerance for dimensions at ± 5 mm, and
levelness of ± 3 mm?
 OPERATION SHEET NO. 1.2-1a
Title: Lay Out the Site (Rectangular)

Performance Objective: Given the necessary materials, you should

be able to lay-out the rectangular site from
the given drawing.
Supplies and Materials: Working Drawing/ Plan
Lumber, plywood, fasteners
Tools and Equipment: • Hammer • Chalk Line
• Marking Tools • Water Hose
• Measuring Tools Level
• Nylon String • Plumb Bob
• Steel Square • Hand Saw
• Try-square • PPE
• Hand Saw • Circular Saw
Steps/Procedure:

1. Work from an established line (or front line), such as a road or

property line, parallel to construction and establish the maximum
outer perimeter (AB, CD, AC, BD) of the building area.

2. Measure away from the front line (AB) along the side lines (AC
and
 BD) the distances (AO and BO) to the desired dimensions of the
project that is to run parallel to the front line.
3. Stretch a line from point O on the left-side dimension to point O on
the right-side dimension. This marks the frontage of the project.
4. Measure in from lines AC and BD along line OO one half the
difference between the length of line OO and the actual dimension
of the project parallel to lines AB. This will designate the
measurement for points X. Both points X represent the two front
corners of the project.

EXAMPLE: If line OO = 30 feet and if the actual dimension of the

project parallel to lines AB = 20 then,
30 feet - 20 feet = 10 feet (difference between the OO and
actual dimension of the project)
10 feet divided by 2 = 5 feet between the property line and
the actual project on all sides

5. The two distances OX and XO establish distances E and F. Extend

lines from the two front corner points X and X, parallel to lines AC
and BD respectively, for the other required dimension of the
rectangle or project. This provides sidelines XG and XH.
6. Join point G and H to provide the rear line of the rectangle or
project (GH).
7. Drive stakes at each corner once each of the four-corner points (X,
X, G, and H) have been located. Erect batter boards at this time.

Assessment Method:
Performance Criteria Checklist
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
OPERATION SHEET NO. 1.2-1a

Name of Trainee: Date:

CRITERIA YES NO
1. Are the plans and details correctly interpreted
and identified according to job requirements?

2. Have I established the perimeter of the

building area according to the drawing?

3. Did I locate and drive stakes at the four

corners of the lot?
 OPERATION SHEET NO. 1.2-
1b
Title: Set and Stake Procedure

Performance Objective: Given the necessary materials, you should

be able to set and stake building line
Supplies and Materials: Working Drawing/ Plan
Lumber, plywood, fasteners
Tools and Equipment: • Hammer • Chalk Line
• Marking Tools • Water Hose
• Measuring Tools Level
• Nylon String • Plumb Bob
• Steel Square • Hand Saw
• Try-square • PPE
• Hand Saw • Circular Saw
Steps/Procedure:

1. Set batter boards.

a) Use 2- by 4-inch or 4- by 4-inch material to make batter board
posts.
b) Use 1- by 4-inch or 1- by 6-inch material to make batter boards.
c) Use 2- by 2-inch material to make corner stakes.
2. Use the following staking procedures:
a) Drive corner stakes to mark the exact corners of the project.
b) Use batter boards to preserve definite and accurate building lines
since corner stakes will be disturbed during excavation.

Assessment Method:
Performance Criteria Checklist
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
OPERATION SHEET NO. 1.2-1b

Name of Trainee: Date:

CRITERIA YES NO

1. Did I use the proper materials in setting batter

boards?

a. Did I use 2- by 4-inch or 4- by 4-inch

material to make batter board posts?
b. Did I use 1- by 4-inch or 1- by 6-inch
material to make batter boards?
c. Did I use 2- by 2-inch material to make
corner stakes.

2. Did I follow the procedure in staking?

3. Are stakes set out at 0.75-1.00 meter away

from the pre-determined building lines?
 OPERATION SHEET NO. 1.2-1c
Title: Determine the location of the batter boards
and construct them
Performance Objective: Given the necessary materials, you should
be able to set and stake building line
Supplies and Materials: Working Drawing/ Plan
Lumber, plywood, fasteners
Tools and Equipment: • Hammer • Chalk Line
• Marking Tools • Water Hose
• Measuring Tools Level
• Nylon String • Plumb Bob
• Steel Square • Hand Saw
• Try-square • PPE
• Hand Saw • Circular Saw
Steps/Procedure:

1. Determine the location of the batter boards.

a) Erect right angle batter boards 3 feet to 4 feet outside of each
corner stake.
b) Stake straight batter boards 3 feet or 4 feet outside of the line
stakes.
c) Stretch heavy cord or fine wire from one batter board to another to
mark the building lines.
2. Construct batter boards.
a) Fasten right-angle batter boards to the posts after the posts are
driven into the ground.
b) Fasten batter boards at the exact height of the top of the
foundation.
c) Erect right angle batter boards by using a framing square to ensure
that the boards are as close to perpendicular as possible. Ensure
that the batter board is level by using a carpenter's level before
nailing the batter board in place.
d) Saw notches or grooves or drive nails into the top of the batter
board to hold the lines in place.
e) Use separate grooves or nails to indicate the building line,
foundation line, footing line, or excavation line. The grooves
permit removal of the line as needed and replacement of the lines
in the correct position.

Assessment Method:
Performance Criteria Checklist
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
OPERATION SHEET NO. 1.2-1c

Name of Trainee: Date:

CRITERIA YES NO
1. Have I determined the correct location of the
batter boards?

2. Are batter boards fastened to the exact height

of the top of the foundation?

3. Are the right angle batter board perpendicular

with each other as possible?

4. Did I make sure that batter boards are leveled?

5. Are all lines on top of the batter board secured

and in placed?
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 3 Fix Building Lines
CONTENTS:
• Squaring Lines

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
• Stake-out building lines are properly secured for reference in
excavating building foundation.
• Marking lines are squared and plumbed from the batter board
lines with tolerance of + 3mm on all measurements.
• Worksite is cleaned and kept in safe state according to OSHC
regulations.
• Daily work report is accomplished in accordance with company
rules and regulationss

CONDITIONS:
You must be provided with the
following:
1. WORKPLACE LOCATION
2. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT Hand Saw
Hammer Chalk
Line
Marking Tools Water Hose Level
Measuring Tools Plumb Bob
Steel Square PPE
Try-square Circular Saw
3. TRAINING MATERIALS
Leaning Packages
Bond paper
Ball pens
Manuals
Related References
ASSESSMENT METHOD

Portfolio
 Learning Experience
Fix Building Lines

Learning Activities Special Instructions

 Read Information Sheet
No. 1.3-1 on
Squaring lines
 Answer Self-Check Compare your answer to the answer key
No. 1.3-1
 Perform Operation Evaluate your own work using the
Sheet No. 1.3-1 on Performance Criteria
Extending and squaring Present your work to your trainer for
lines evaluation
Keep a copy of your work for the next
activities
 INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.3-1
SQUARING LINES

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to SQUARE LINES

The two methods commonly used for squaring extended lines

are the 6-8-10 method and the diagonal method.

A. The 6-8-10 Method

After extended lines are in place, measure line EF for a distance of
6 feet. Measure line EG for a distance of 8 feet. Adjust the lines (Y and
X) until FG equals 10 feet. Multiples of 6-8-10 may be used for large
layouts; for example, 12-16-20 for a layout 50 feet by 100 feet. For
accuracy, never start with a measurement of less than 6 feet.

B. The Diagonal Method

If the layout is rectangular, cutting the rectangle from opposing
corners, will form two triangles as shown below. If the rectangle is perfect,
these lines will be equal in length and the corners perfectly square. If lines
are not equal in length, adjust the corners by moving the lines right or left
until H and are equal.

Figure 27. Squaring lines using diagonal method

 OPERATION SHEET NO. 1.3-1
Title: Extend and Square Lines

Performance Objective: Given the necessary materials, you should

be able to extend and square lines
Supplies and Materials: Working Drawing/ Plan
Lumber, plywood, fasteners
Tools and Equipment: • Hammer • Chalk Line
• Marking Tools • Water Hose
• Measuring Tools Level
• Nylon String • Plumb Bob
• Steel Square • Hand Saw
• Try-square • PPE
• Hand Saw • Circular Saw
Steps/Procedure:

a. Perform a simple layout.

Step 1. Follow the placement of stakes A and B, erect batter boards

number 1 through 4. Extend a chalk line (X) from the batter board
numbers 1 to 3, over stakes A and B.
Step 2. Follow the placement of stake C, erect batter boards number
 5 and 6. Extend chalk line (Y) from batter boards number 2 and 6, over
stakes A and C.
Step 3. Follow the placement of stake D, erect batter boards number
7 and 8. Extend chalk line (Z) from batter board number 5 to 7, over
stakes C and D.
Step 4. Extend line (O) from batter boards number 8 to 4, over
stakes D and B.
1. Lay out dimensions for excavation lines, footer lines, or
reference lines other than building lines. Use the building
line marks on the batter boards as a reference. Adjust the
measurement as required to obtain the desired dimensions
for the reference line. NOTE: Lines may cross and form
right angles at the corner layout stakes.
2. Verify exact placement of the cross lines by holding a plumb
bob over the corner layout stake. Adjust the lines until the
lines intersect or touch the plumb bob line.
3. Use a line or carpenter's level to ensure that the lines are
level.

b. Square the lines using the following two methods:

• 6-8-10 Method
1. Measure line EF for a distance of 6 feet.
2. Measure line EG for a distance of 8 feet.
3. Adjust lines (Y and X) until FG = 10 feet.
• Diagonal method. Use the diagonal method for a rectangular or
square shaped layout.
1. Measure diagonal lines H and I.
2. If lines H and I are equal in length, then the rectangle is perfect
and the corners are square.
3. Adjust the corners by moving the lines left or right until lines H
and I are equal, if lines H and I are not equal in length.

Assessment Method:
Performance Criteria Checklist
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
OPERATION SHEET NO. 1.3-1

Name of Trainee: Date:

CRITERIA YES NO
1. Did I ensure that lines are at right angle with
each other using the two method?

a. Using 6-8-10 method

b. Using diagonal method

2. Did I made necessary adjustments to make

sure that lines are at right angle?