Ucsp-Module - 5

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
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S.Y. 2020-2021 First Trimester Grade Level/Section:

MODULE 5 – UCSP Subject Teacher:
MODULE 5: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STRATIFICATION, SOCIAL

INEQUALITY, and HUMAN RIGHTS
TOPICS:
1. Social Stratification
2. Social Inequality
a. Racial and Ethnic Inequality
b. Gender Inequality
3. Human Rights
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Through discussion and the module, the learners are able to:
1. identify characteristics of the systems of stratification;
2. examine stratification according to sociological perspectives;
3. understand that social stratification involves not just people within our society but inequality among
the nations of the world;
4. suggest ways to address inequalities;
5. understand that both race and ethnicity are socially constructed ideas that are important
dimensions of social stratification;
6. understanding of what human rights are;
7. appreciate the meaning and significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and
8. promote protection of human dignity, rights and the common good
DISCUSSION:
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
Social Stratification (social ranking) - is a hierarchy of relative privilege or system in which people are divided
into layers according to their power, property, and prestige.
• It is a society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic strata, based on their occupation and
income, wealth, social status, or derived power.
• Gives rise to Social inequality.
• Features to remember:
✓ Social stratification refers to the ranking of large groups of people, rather than individuals.
✓ Every society stratifies its members, although the degree of inequality varies.
✓ No matter what system a society may use to divide people into different layers, gender is
always an essential part of those distinctions within each layer. On the basis of gender, people
are sorted into categories and given differential access to rewards. Social distinctions have
usually favored males.
A. Components:
▪ Social Class – refers to a group of individuals who occupy a similar position in the economic
system of production (wealth, income, educational attainment, etc.)
▪ Social Role – expected behavior of a person, refers to the obligations, behavior and privileges
attached to a status
▪ Social Status - refers to the position of an individual in the society
▪ Social groups - consist of people who regularly and consciously interact with one another
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B. Social Mobility – is the act of moving from one social status to another. Social mobility makes the
inequality of social class reasonable and, in the point of view of some, even justifiable.
• Two Types of Social Mobility:
C. Four Types of Stratification Systems

▪ Closed System - Impose rigid boundaries between social groups
- Limit interactions between members who belong to different social groups or occupy different
levels in social hierarchy.
- Resistant to change in social roles
▪ Open System - mainly based on achievement, allowing more flexibility in social roles, increased
social mobility, and better interaction
1. Slavery - a form of social stratification in which some people own other people.
• Initially, slavery was based on debt, punishment for violation of the law, or defeat in battle.
Given this last practice, many of the first slaves were women, captured after the defeat of their
village.
• Slavery could be temporary or permanent and was not necessarily passed on to one’s children.
Typically, slaves owned no property and had no power; however, this was not universally true.
• This system persisted in Western countries such as the United States, which only formally
abolished the practice in 1865, through an amendment in the US constitution but with much
resistance from slave owners and their supporters. The condition of the slaves in US can be seen
in the quotation from Harriet Stowe’s classic work Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which sparked antislavery
sentiments in the US that resulted in the American Civil War.
2. Caste system - status is determined by birth and is lifelong. It is a closed system, as it does not
allow for social mobility. E.g. India’s Thousand-Year-Old Caste System.
• Ascribed status is the basis of a caste system. Caste societies try to keep boundaries between
castes firm by practicing endogamy (marriage within their own group) and developing rules
about ritual pollution, teaching that contact with inferior castes contaminates the superior
caste.
3. Estate System – is identical to the practice of feudalism. The final authority is the king. It was based
on existing legal structures that defined members’ status, rights, and duties.
• In a relationship of rights and obligations known as noblesse oblige the commoners were
allowed use of land in return for providing service and rents to their landlord, who in turn
promised protection and support.
• In the feudal system of medieval Europe, a ranking of status groups known as estates became
the dominant system. The three major estates were the aristocracy (headed by the divine
monarch), the priesthood and the commoners (peasants, servants, artisans, etc.).
• However, the estate system was not as strictly tied to religious belief as the caste system,
and some historians have argued that feudalism allowed for a degree of social mobility,
especially in the towns.
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4. Class system - is a form of social stratification that is based primarily on the possession of
money or material possessions.
• The main qualification to be a member of a certain hierarchical class depends mostly on
three things: wealth, economic occupation, and power.
• An individual’s initial social class position is based on that of her or his parents (ascribed
status).
• A class system allows for social mobility—movement up or down the social class ladder—
based on achieved status.
D. Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification

1. Structural – Functionalism - Each part or aspect of society serves an important purpose
▪ Examines how the different aspects of society contribute to ensuring its stability and
continued function.
▪ Stratification is based on intrinsic value of social activities or roles
▪ Davis-Moore Thesis: Social role that has greater functional purpose will result in greater
reward. Certain tasks in society are more valued than others, and those who perform highly
valued work are rewarded with greater income, prestige and power.
2. Conflict Theory - drawn from the ideas of Karl Marx
▪ Social stratification benefits the rich and powerful at the expense of the poor hence
stratification is HARMFUL.
▪ Stratification promotes poverty. Inequality causes workers to experience alienation,
isolation, and great misery due to powerless status. This leads to class conflict.
▪ Social stratification is influences by economic forces and relationships in society are defined
by factors of production.
*Two groups according. to Marx:
a) Bourgeois (capitalists) –own factors of production (land, resources, business and
proletariat); UPPERCLASS
b) Proletariat–workers who provide manual labor; LOWERCLASS
3. Symbolic Interactionism - Microlevel perspective
▪ Attempts to explain how people’s social standing affects their everyday interactions
▪ Leads to interaction within the same class.
▪ Stratification becomes a System that groups people (interests, background, way of life)
▪ People’s appearance reflects their perceived social standing
▪ Theory of Conspicuous Consumption
- Buying certain products to make a social statement about a status
E. GLOBAL STRATIFICATION
- refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals and groups in societies around the world.
Global inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources among individuals and groups
based on their position in the social hierarchy of the world.
Global Stratification: Three Worlds
Most Their wealth is enormous, and the poor in these USA, Canada, UK, France,
Industrialized countries live better and longer than the Germany, Switzerland, Japan,
Nations average citizens in the Least Industrialized Australia, and New Zealand
Nations.
Industrialized People in these countries have considerably Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand,
Nations lower income and a poorer standard of living Argentina, etc.
than people in the Most Industrialized Nations but
better than those living in the Least Industrialized
Nations.
Least are those where most people live on farms or in Benin, Djibouti, Haiti, Sierra
Industrialized villages with low standards of living Leonne, Togo, etc.
Nations
SOCIAL INEQUALITY
✓ Unequal/denied access to right and privileges enjoyed by others on account of physical, biological,
mental, social, and/or other traits.
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✓ occurs when resources (opportunities & rewards) in a given society are distributed unevenly, typically
through norms of allocation, that engender specific patterns along lines of socially defined categories of
persons.
✓ It is visible in many other social institutions affecting other social aspects such as gender, capital (social,
political, and symbolic), ethnic minorities (e.g., persons with disabilities), and global inequality.
- Minority group - is defined as being composed of people who are singled out for unequal treatment
by members of the dominant group. Minorities originate with migration and the expansion of
political boundaries.
- Majority/Dominant group – power irrespective of numbers; dominant elite who holds the means of
production.
Racial and Racism - a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and
Ethnic that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race
Inequality a racial prejudice/discrimination
Gender is the idea that men and women are not equal and that gender affects an individual's
Inequality living experience.
✓ Each society establishes a structure that, on the basis of sex and gender, permits
or limits access to power, property, and prestige
✓ Sexism - An individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward
people of a given sex
Status of Men and Women in the Global Context
✓ There is no country in the world in which women and men have equal status.
Although much progress has been made in closing the gender gap in areas such
as education, health care, employment, and government, gender inequality is
still prevalent throughout the world.
Gender Socialization
✓ a process in which men and women learn about their proper place in society
through various practices learned in the family, religion, education, culture, peers
and media.
Related Systems:
Stereotype It’s a negative evaluation that mark prejudice often supported by negative belief;
sometimes overgeneralized, inaccurate and resistant to new information but it also
maybe positive or negative, accurate and inaccurate
Prejudice an adverse opinion of belief without just ground or before acquiring sufficient knowledge
Discrimination Unjustified negative “BEHAVIOR” toward a group or its members.
- Happens when prejudice feeling and belief move into the realm of behavior and
denies to individuals or groups of people equality of treatment.
- Unfair treatment toward someone; “racism” if was based on race. It also can be
based on features such as age, sex, sexual preference, religion, or politics.
F. Sociological Theories of Gender Inequality
A. Structural-Functionalism B. Conflict Perspective C. Symbolic Interactionism
▪ Argue that “pre-industrial ▪ Male Dominance and Female ▪ Gender Assignments begins at birth
society” required a division Subordination: Shaped by (labeling). It has shaped our
of labor based on gender relationships men and women thoughts about how we see
▪ Home performing functions have to the production ourselves and our relationship with
(Women): bearing, nursing, process the world.
and caring for children ▪ Evolution to Agricultural and ▪ Media images and sanctions have
▪ Male: responsible for Industrial modes of conditioned the minds of children
providing food, clothing, production: private property and adults with dominant ideals of
and shelter for the families developed where men masculinity and femininity likewise
▪ Industrialization: rendered gained control on the modes how they should act as man and a
the traditional division of of production woman.
labor less functional, ▪ Marxist tradition: gender ▪ Gender determines pattern of
although remnants of the inequality based on ownership entitlement and engagement of
of the means of production,
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supporting belief system patriarchy, gendered division inequality, hierarchical distinctions

still exist. of labor in the workplace and advantages.
▪ Women are generally socialized
into expressive roles and males are
more often socialized into
instrumental roles
HUMAN RIGHTS
A. HUMAN RIGHTS AND DIGNITY
▪ HUMAN RIGHTS – are natural rights of all human beings whatever their nationality, religion, ethnicity,
sex, language and color. Hence, human rights are inalienable rights that protect our dignity as
human beings.
▪ HUMAN DIGNITY – defined as the quality of being worthy of honor or respect. The right to live entails
the right to dignity.
B. HUMAN RIGHT: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

Being equal under the law is a very recent legal concept in human history. Many wars and revolutions
had to be fought to get to where we are today.
DATES SIGNIFANCE
1215 C.E. King John signed the Magna Carta, limiting the monarch’s power. Magna Carta entails
freedoms of a very small group of people.
17 C
th John Locke comes with the concept of natural rights (right to life, liberty and property.
The English Bill of Rights came about which was inspired by the idea of natural rights
18th C The first usage of the term “human rights”. Individuals have rights and freedoms that are
reliant upon their status. Everyone is entitled with these rights that has something to do
with voting and ideas of civic engagement.
19th C The Modern era. “Social and collective rights” as an important driver behind the sort of
general trend which is the internalization of rights (rights are being spread to more places
and more corners of the world, individual rights and freedoms like education,
employment, welfare and public health)
- 1833, Britain’s Emancipation Act abolished slavery throughout its empire.
- 1865 – The 13th amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery.
1945 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations
on December 10th, it was the first-time nations from around the world signed a formal
agreement on specific rights and freedoms for all human beings.
In the Philippines, the incorporation of human rights in the constitution started with the Malolos
Constitution in 1899 and was continued in the 1935, 1973 and 1987 Constitutions. In the 1987
Constitution, the list of human rights is contained in the Bill of Rights.
C. THEORIES OF HUMAN RIGHTS

1. Theory of natural rights - states that an individual enters into society with certain basic rights and no
government can deny these rights
2. Theory of social rights - states that rights are the conditions of society. It is the creation of society, law,
customs, traditions and yield to what is socially useful or socially desirable.
3. Theory of legal rights - rights are created and maintained by the state. The state is the only source of
right and outside the state an individual has no rights at all and never claim rights against state.
4. Theory of historical rights - rights are the product of history and originate in its customs7 which passed
from one generation to another.
5. Theory of economic rights -It finds its inspiration in the teaching of Karl Marx. It rejects the concept of
natural and other rights, stated from time to time as an explanation of the nature of rights.
D. TYPES OF HUMAN RIGHTS

• General Types of Human Rights
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Type Description Examples

Natural rights • Highest form of rights Right to life, to love, to
• God-given right, inherent and inalienable in a marry, to raise a family
person’s human dignity as created in the image
and likeness of God (Genesis 1).
Constitutional rights • those rights which are conferred and protected Rights in the Bill of Rights
by the Constitution such right to due process,
• Since they are part of the fundamental law they equal protection, warrant of
cannot be modified or taken away by the law- arrest, etc.
making body.
• They presumed to respect the natural rights
given by God.
Statutory rights ▪ those rights which are promulgated by the law- Right to minimum wage, to
making body and consequently may abolished inherit property
by the same body
▪ are created by the legislature and approved by
the President.
▪ These rights must be based on the constitutional
provisions on human rights; otherwise, they can be
abolished by the Supreme Court as illegal and
unconstitutional.
▪ These rights are expected also to respect the
natural rights of the human person.
• Types of Constitutional Rights

TYPE DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES
Political rights ▪ Rights which give citizens to participate Right to citizenship, suffrage,
directly or indirectly in the establishing and information of public concern, etc.
administering the government.
▪ These are rights of an individual enjoys as a
consequence of being a member of a body
politic.
Civil rights ▪ They are rights enjoyed by an individual by Rights against involuntary servitude,
virtue of his citizenship in a state or community. imprisonment against non-payment
▪ Rights given to private individuals for the of debt or poll tax, liberty of abode,
purpose of securing the enjoyment of their etc.
means of happiness.
Social and ▪ Rights intended to secure the well-being and Right to property, rights dealing with
Economic economic security of individuals. social justice (Art. XIII), promotion of
rights education, science & technology,
arts & culture (Art. XIV), etc.
Rights of the ▪ Rights intended to protect a person accused Right to a speedy, impartial and
Accused of any crime. public trial, right to a lawyer of
his/her own choice, right to remain
silent, etc.
E. HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER THE BILL OF RIGHTS

▪ Bill of Rights - is defined as a “declaration and enumeration of a person’s rights and privileges which
the Constitution is designed to protect against violations by the government, or by individual or
groups of individuals” (De Leon 1997: 67).
▪ Purpose: By enumerating the basic rights of people in the Bill of Rights, the Constitution limits the vast
and enormous powers of the State. Contained in Article III, Sections 1 to 22. of the Phil. Constitution.
NOTES
RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS & EQUAL The Right to Due Process
PROTECTION OF THE LAWS Due process means that a person’s case in court should be
treated justly, which means that his/her case must be judged
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SEC.1. No person shall be deprived of based a just law and according to the rules of legal procedures
life, liberty, or property without due prescribed by the judicial system.
process of law, nor shall any person ✓ due process prohibits deprivation of life of one’s person
be denied the equal protection of as in the case of murder or homicide as well as injury to
the law. his/ her limbs or faculties as in the crime of physical injury,
mutilation, or direct assault
a. Life refers to the entirety of an ✓ due process disallows illegal physical restraint or
individual imprisonment as well as restraint
b. Liberty refers to one's freedom ✓ due process protects the right of the person over his real
c. Property is anything that can be or personal property which includes the right to own, use,
subjected to possession and transmit, and even destroy one’s property subject to the
ownership right of the State and other persons
Equal Protection of the Laws
“everybody is equal in the eyes of the law”
“all persons subject to legislation should be treated alike, under
like circumstances and conditions both in the privileges
conferred and liabilities imposed.
(1) THE RIGHT TO SEARCH WARRANT Section 2 of Article III of the Constitution protects:
FOR UNREASONABLE SEARCHES 1. Persons: all persons whether accused of a crime or not,
AND SEIZURES; whether citizens or aliens and whether individuals or
(2) THE RIGHT TO WARRANT OF corporations are protected by this right against illegal arrest.
ARREST AGAINST ILLEGAL ARRESTS 2. Houses: all dwelling places, garage, warehouses, shops, store,
SEC.2. The right of the people to be office or even a safety deposit vault. But open
secure in their persons, houses, spaces and fields are excluded.
papers, and effects against 3. Papers and personal effects: include all sealed letters and
unreasonable searches and seizures packages in the mail which can be opened and
of whatever nature… no search examined only by a search warrant.
warrant or warrant of arrest shall be
issued except upon probable cause Search Warrant: an order in writing, issued in the name of the
to be determined personally by the People of the Philippines, signed by the judge and directed to a
judge peace officer commanding him/her to search for certain
personal property and bring it before the court.
Warrant of Arrest: an order in writing, issued in the name of the
People of the Philippines, signed by the judge and directed to
a peace officer, commanding him to arrest a person in order
that he/she can answer for the commission of an offense.
Warrantless Arrests
an arrest without warrant is lawful when, in the presence of
arresting officer or individual, the person to be arrested:
a) In Flagrante Delicto – when, in his presence, the person to
be arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is
attempting to commit an offense;
b) Hot Pursuit – when an offense has in fact just been
committed and he has personal knowledge of facts
indicating that the person to be arrested has committed it;
c) Escape – when the person to be arrested is a prisoner who
has escaped from a penal establishment or place
THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY ▪ The right to privacy means the right to be alone, to be free
from unwarranted publicity and to live without unwarranted
SEC. 3 (1) The privacy of interference by the State on matters which do not concern
communication and correspondence the public.
shall be inviolable except upon lawful ▪ The Constitution recognizes the right of the individual to
order of the court, or when public communicate and correspond through letters, emails, and
safety or order requires otherwise as messages with others without the State having the right to
prescribed by law. know the content of these communications, except on
matters that affect national security, public order or safety
which require a lawful court order.
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▪ Any evidence illegally obtained in violation of this right to

privacy is inadmissible in court (Sec.3 [2]).
THE RIGHT TO (1) FREEDOM OF SPEECH, “…as long as he or she does not offend or violate the rights of
(2) EXPRESSION, (3) OF THE PRESS, (4) others and of the State”
THE RIGHT TO ASSEMBLY AND (5) The Right to Freedom of Speech: Every person has the right to
PETITION THE GOVERNMENT FOR speak what s/he wants to say privately or publicly
REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES. Right to Freedom of Expression: Expression includes oral
utterances, actions or artistic performances in state, video or
SEC. 4. No law shall be passed film. Every person or group has the right to express their mind as
abridging the freedom of speech, of long as the right of others or the State are not violated.
expression, or of the press, or the right Right to Freedom of the Press: The term press includes every
of the people peaceably to assemble kind of publications: newspapers, periodicals, journals,
and petition the government for magazines, handbills, leaflets, etc. and all instruments of mass
redress of grievances. media: radio, television, film, video, etc.
Right to Freedom of Assembly: This refers to the right on the part
of citizens to meet peacefully for consultation in respect to
public affairs. Rallies, demonstrations, and protests are
protected by our Constitution as long they do not disrupt
public order and jeopardize the national security of the State.
Right to Petition the Government for Redress of Grievances: This
means that every citizen or group has right to apply, without
fear of penalty, to the appropriate branch or office of the
government for redress of grievances.
THE RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS FREEDOM Three Aspects of the Right to Religious Freedom
1. Right to Religious Belief and Worship: Our constitution
SEC. 5. No law shall be made protects the right of individuals to worship God and to
respecting an establishment of entertain views according to their conscience without
religion, or prohibiting the free interference or dictation by any person or power, civil or
expression thereof. The free exercise ecclesiastical.
and enjoyment of religious profession ▪ the right of the individual not to believe and worship God
and worship, without discrimination or is also protected by the Constitution and thus included
preference…No religious test shall be under this right.
required for the exercise of civil or 2. Right to Religious Profession: Our Constitution also protects
political rights. the right of individuals who wish to enter religious life or
follow a religious vocation in accordance with his or her
religion. The government cannot prevent people to want
to become priests, nuns, monks, imams, pastors, or ministers
if they wish to.
3. Right against Religious Test: A religious test is one that
demands the denial or rejection of certain religious beliefs
before the performance of any act. Thus, the religion of
citizens must not be included in the qualifications of
candidates in public office.
THE RIGHT TO ABODE AND THE RIGHT Right to Abode: The right to abode simply means that any citizen
TO TRAVEL has the right to have his home or residence in whatever place
chosen by him and thereafter to change it at will. As long as he
SEC. 6. The liberty of abode and of or she does not squat on the land of others or of the
changing the same within the limits government.
prescribed by law shall not be
impaired except upon lawful order of Right to Travel: It means that every person has the right to go
the court. Neither shall the right to where he or she pleases without interference from the
travel be impaired except in the government or other people.
interest of national security, public ▪ In the interest of national security, public safety, or public
safety, or public health, as may be health, one may be prohibited by check-points to enter
provided by law. a particular place like a special military installation, or the
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place is infected with a deadly virus or contagious

disease. E.g. Coronavirus (Covid19) Pandemic
THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ON MATTERS OF PUBLIC CONCERN
SEC. 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access
to official records, and to documents, and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions,
as well as government research data used as basis for public development, shall be afforded the
citizens, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.
✓ This provision has been inserted in our Constitution to provide the sovereign people who constitute
the State the right of access to the records of their government which can affect their lives directly.
✓ In the spirit of transparency, public records, documents, decisions and transactions must be open
for people for inspection and evaluation. This can prevent graft and corruption in the government.
THE RIGHT TO FORM ASSOCIATION, ▪ People are social beings and as such they have the natural
UNIONS OR SOCIETIES. right to join or form associations not contrary to law
▪ These are intermediary groups which can assist the state in its
SEC. 8. The right of the people, development programs can serve as checks and balances
including those employed in the to the affairs of the government.
public and private sectors, to form
unions, associations, or societies for
the purposes not contrary to law shall
not be abridged.
OTHER LEGAL RIGHTS INCLUDE:
✓ RIGHT TO JUST COMPENSATION - Private property shall not be taken for public use without just
compensation. (Art. 3, Sec 9).
✓ RIGHT OF CONTRACT SHALL NOT BE IMPAIRED BY THE STATE - No law impairing the obligation of
contract shall be passed (Art. 3, Sec. 10).
✓ THE RIGHT AGAINST IMPRISONMENT FOR NON-PAYMENT OF DEBT OR POLL TAX - No person shall be
imprisoned for debt or non-payment of the poll tax (Art. 3, Sec. 20).
✓ THE RIGHT AGAINST EX POST FACTO LAW OR BILL OF ATTAINDER - No ex post facto law or bill shall be
enacted. (Art. 3, Sec 22). This provision prohibits the legislature to pass laws which can prejudice the
rights of the prisoner or the accused.
IV. ASSESSMENT:
Written Work
A. Instruction: Differentiate the three social classes under open system by completing the graphic organizer below. 10
points
Upper Class
Middle class
Upper Class
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Rubrics:
Content (relevance to the subject matter) (7)(5)
Technicalities (this includes grammar and (3)(1)
punctuations)
B. Identify the correctness of the following statements. Write letter A if both statements are correct,
B if only the first statement is correct, C if only the second statement is correct, and D if both the
statements are incorrect. 2 points each (20 points)
1. i. Magna Carta entails the internalization of rights.
ii. John Locke comes with the concept of natural rights.
2 i. Any person regardless of social status cannot be imprisoned for not paying their debt.
ii. Any person who fails to pay their poll tax can be imprisoned by the BIR for tax evasion.
3. i. The Right of Abode means that every person has the right to go where he or she pleases without
interference from the government or other people.
ii. The Right of Abode may be prohibited by check-points to enter a particular place like a special
military installation.
4. i. The Right to Religious Profession is the right of individuals who wish to enter religious life or follow a
religious vocation following his or her religion.
ii. An example of the Right to Religious Profession is when an employer cannot reject a job
application based on religion.
5. i. The Bill of Attainder is a legislative act which inflicts punishment without a judicial trial.
ii. The Bill of Attainder makes criminal an act done before the passage of the law and punishes such
act when protection to which he has become entitled.
6. i. The Right of information entails the right to access any government records such as trade secrets.
ii. A law has been passed in Congress detailing the dynamics of this right in actual social practice.
7. i. Protests are protected by our Constitution wherein everyone is free to disrupt public order.
ii. Permits for rallies must be approved first by the Mayor before they are allowed to enter government
offices for protests.
8. i. Every person has the right to speak what s/he wants to say privately or publicly as long as the rights
of others or the State is not violated.
ii. Shouting “there is a bomb” in a mall violates our right to Freedom of the Press.
9. i. On matters that affect national security, public order, or safety the State has the right to know the
content of your messages in your Facebook account.
ii. The government has the right to interfere in your private life since the government is supreme
over the people.
10. i. A warrantless search can be imposed by the arresting officer in a private house if there is a strong
suspicion that the owner of the house is hiding an illegal object.
ii. A warrant of arrest is required especially when a person is a high-ranking government official who
is attempting to burn government documents.
C. Provide the SPECIFIC CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT violated and identify its appropriate provision in the
Bill of Rights in the following situations. 1 point each (15 POINTS)
E.g. Prying into the personal lives of others. Answer: Right to Privacy – Art. 3, section 3.
1. Imprisonment of a person due to the expression of his political beliefs.
2. The Vice President of the Philippines joins the protests outside the Malacañang Palace.
3. The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) publishes data concerning law enforcement and
protection of public and personal safety in their official website.
4. Government mandating all the students to pursue a medical profession.
5. Creation of a law which requires every parent to send their children only to public schools.
6. The arrest of a person without probable cause that person committed a crime.
7. An administrative order was issued to dismiss all regular employees without prior notice and
hearing.
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:

8. A man was caught for jaywalking and was charged with the death penalty.
9. A doctor who earns Php. 60, 000/month, and a garbage collector who is earning 1, 000/month
were both taxed with the same amount of Php. 800/month.
10. A man had posted in his social media account his intent to kill the President of the Republic.
11. All people who don’t worship God were arrested by the police officers.
12. To prove her suspicion, a wife opened the Facebook account of her husband without consent.
13. A DSWD beneficiary was arrested in a government office due to continuous complaints of not
receiving any cash subsidy.
14. The local government prevented people to become imams in a Muslim community.
15. A police officer arrested a man in the airport because he looks like a terrorist.
Performance Check
A. Provide and identify at least three (3) government programs and initiatives in addressing social
inequalities in the Philippines. Research and enumerate some then describe each.
Social Inequality Gov’t Programs and Initiatives Description
1.
2.
3.
B. As a student, if you are going to make programs on each of the inequalities enumerated, what will
it be? Use the table below.
INEQUALITIES TITLE OF YOUR PROPOSED DESCRIPTION OF YOUR

PROGRAM PROGRAM
1.
2.
RUBRIC:
PERFORMANCE CHECK- 25 points
Ideas – it is clear and focused. It holds the reader's attention. Relevant details (5)(3)
and quotes enrich the central theme.
Organization - The organization enhances and showcases the central idea or (5)(3)
theme. The order, structure of information is compelling and moves the reader
through the text.
Sentence - Fluency The writing has an easy flow, rhythm, and cadence. (5)(3)
Sentences are well built, with strong and varied structure that invites expressive
oral reading.
Conventions - The writer demonstrates a good grasp of standard writing (5)(3)
conventions (e.g., spelling, punctuation, capitalization, grammar, usage,
paragraphing) and uses
conventions effectively to enhance readability.
Presentation - The form and presentation of the text enhances the ability for (5)(3)
the reader to understand and connect with the message. It is pleasing to the
eye.
TOTAL 25
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:

REFERENCES:
• Aguilar, M., et al. (2016) Society, Culture and Politics. Quezon City: The Phoenix Publishing House
Inc.
• Alejandria-Gonzalez, M. (2019) Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Module. Second Edition.
Makati City: DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC.
• De Leon, H. Philippine Constitution. REX Book Store. 2014
• Henslin. (2006) Essentials of Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach, United States of America: Pearson
Education, Inc.
• Macionis, J., Sociology, United States of America: Pearson Education, Inc. 2012
• Melegrito et. al., Philippine Politics and Governance, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
2016
• Vivencio, B. (2016) History, Politics, Government, and the Constitution of the Philippines: A
Sociological-Juridical Approach: Ven Ballano Publishing.
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ey8OpxmLjl0 (TATSULOK - a documentary film on the social
stratification in the Philippines)
• https://sites.google.com/site/thehistoryofindiabymaxduxbury/the-development-of-the-caste-
system
• https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/uncletom/ (Uncle Tom’s cabin summary)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrVdaxDgr2g: A Racist Attack Still Haunts 45 Years Later, Here's
Why. George Floyd Protests (AN 8-MINUTE DOCUMENTARY)
• http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2016/gender-gaps-and-income/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8ME7kxMk4g: History of Human Rights
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrF2aYmINoA : Human Rights in Two Minutes (Filipino)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfnHemN8PqI: Phil. Bill of Rights

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Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600

S.Y. 2020-2021 First Trimester Grade Level/Section:

MODULE 5: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STRATIFICATION, SOCIAL

S.Y. 2020-2021 First Trimester Grade Level/Section:

C. Four Types of Stratification Systems

S.Y. 2020-2021 First Trimester Grade Level/Section:

D. Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification

S.Y. 2020-2021 First Trimester Grade Level/Section:

F. Sociological Theories of Gender Inequality

A. Structural-Functionalism B. Conflict Perspective C. Symbolic Interactionism

S.Y. 2020-2021 First Trimester Grade Level/Section:

supporting belief system patriarchy, gendered division inequality, hierarchical distinctions

B. HUMAN RIGHT: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

C. THEORIES OF HUMAN RIGHTS

D. TYPES OF HUMAN RIGHTS

S.Y. 2020-2021 First Trimester Grade Level/Section:

Type Description Examples

• Types of Constitutional Rights

E. HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER THE BILL OF RIGHTS

S.Y. 2020-2021 First Trimester Grade Level/Section:

S.Y. 2020-2021 First Trimester Grade Level/Section:

▪ Any evidence illegally obtained in violation of this right to

S.Y. 2020-2021 First Trimester Grade Level/Section:

place is infected with a deadly virus or contagious

THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ON MATTERS OF PUBLIC CONCERN

S.Y. 2020-2021 First Trimester Grade Level/Section:

S.Y. 2020-2021 First Trimester Grade Level/Section:

INEQUALITIES TITLE OF YOUR PROPOSED DESCRIPTION OF YOUR

S.Y. 2020-2021 First Trimester Grade Level/Section:

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