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The Artist, the Market and the

Establishment in India
- A Study
(With Special Reference to Photography)

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Thesis
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S ubm itted forthe aw ard ofDoctorofP hilosophy (P hD)
in the subject ofP ainting in Kum aun U niversity,N ainital.
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Research Guide
Researcher

Prof.K rishna Ba ira thi Bhupe sh Cha nd ra Little

HOD,De pt.ofPa inting De pt.ofPa inting
Shob ha n Sing h Je e na Ca m pus,Alm ora Shob ha n Sing h Je e na Ca m pus,Alm ora
Kum a un Unive rity,Uttra nc ha l,Ind ia Kum a un Unive rity,Uttra nc ha l,Ind ia
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Table of contents
Page No.

First Chapter 8

(1) History of Art: its development and patrons 8

(2) Meaning of Art 8

Pre Historic Era 16

(1) Paleolithic Era (ca. 30,000-10,000 BC) 20

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(2) Mesolithic Era (ca. 30,000-10,000 BC) 25
(3) Mesolithic Era (ca. 8,000-3,000 BC) 28
(4) Classical Period 34

Patrons 42
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Second Chapter 43

The Artist 43
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Artist as an Individual 46
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Birth Growth and Development 46

The Present Day Concept of an ‘artist’ 46

Applied Art fine Art 49

Photography as Fine Art 52

Impact on Society 57

Third Chapter 60

The Market 60

(1) Meaning and Evolution 60

(2) Present State of the Market 63
(3) List of Costliest Paintings 65
(4) India’s Top Earning Artists 67
(5) Art Market Players 70
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(6) Asian Market 71

(7) Precariousness of Prices in Contemporary Art 73
(8) The popular segments of the market 74
(9) List of most expensive photographs 76

The Establishment 77

(1) Propagation of Career 77

(2) Indian Connection 82

Fourth Chapter 85

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Role of Photography 85

(1) Historical Background – The Invention 85

(2) The Shock 90
(3) Relation between Painting and Photography 98
(4) Aftermath & Reconstruction 100
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(5) Present state 105
(6) Modern Digital Revolution 110

Conclusion 113
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(W hich Circ um ve ntsAllKnow le d g e )

Prof.K rishna Ba ira thi De pa rtm e ntofPa inting

M A,PhD Shob ha n Sing h Je e na Ca m pus,Alm ora

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HOD,De pt.ofPa inting Kum a un Unive rity,Uttra nc ha l,Ind ia

Ce rtific a te
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This is to certify that the thesis entitled “The Artist, the Market and
the Establishment”, submitted by Bhupesh Chandra Little S/o Shri
t
P.C.Little embodies the original work of the candidate. He worked
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under my supervision for the period required under the university rules.

Da te d :June 09,2010 Prof.K rishna Ba ira thi

Supe rvisor
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The Artist, the Market and the Establishment

- A Study
(With Special Reference to Photography)

Acknowledgements

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I am greatly indebted to Prof. Krishna Bairathi, Dean, Faculty of
Visual Art & Design, under whom I got an opportunity not only to
do my research but also had a chance to learn many things from
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the in-depth discussions about fine art in general and the topic of
the thesis in particular. Her deep knowledge of the history of fine
arts and the Indian aesthetics was of such a great help that I
t
cannot find me eloquent enough to describe my indebtedness. I
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express my gratitude to her and thank her for accepting me as a

researcher. The topic given to by her was very challenging as
there has not been any example of previous work on the topic as
far as we were able to find out.

Thanks are also due to Sri P.C.Little, Ex. Director Regional Art
Center who helped me from time to time with his suggestions and
provided me with majority of the books consulted herein. His
multifaceted involvement in the field of literature, aesthetics,
architecture and history helped me a lot.

Thank are also due to Sri Awani Kant Dev, Secretary, Lalit Kala
Kendra, whose long experience of living abroad and direct
interactions with the artists residing in different places gave me a
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chance to know the firsthand account of what goes into making of

a successful artist in the market abroad, gave me new insight into
the research.

Besides these there are many others who contributed to my

research in no less important way but mentioning of all names will
make the forward too long. So without distinction I hereby express
my gratitude to all those who supported me in my endeavour,
without their help I may not have been able to complete this work.

ar - Bhupesh C. Little, EFIAP, Hon. FICS

-
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Researcher
t el
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L-1/45, Sector-B, Aliganj,

Lucknow-226024, U.P., India

Ph: 0522-2329034, 2756845; Mob: 9450401207

e-mail: bhupeshlittle@yahoo.co.in

bhupeshlittle@gmail.com

Web site: www.bhupeshclittle.com

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