Group 3 – Case Study

Arcilla, John Paul

Aspuria, Aicee Julliane
Ducog, Andreagail
Miciano, Donn Gerald
Obille, Joseph Aldrich
Ocampo, Erin Samantha
Rodenas, Hannah Mae

Case Study
The following data were obtained from a test on a rotary kiln.

Average flue- Clinker Raw-Mix Coal Analysis, Air,

gas analysis: Analysis: Analysis, C, kg A, kmol
G, kmol 100 kg F, kg HV=1280 Btu/lb
1410°F
25.39 % CO2 63.42 % CaO 33.34 % CO2 64.59 % C 21 % O2
0.89 % O2 3.28 % MgO 41.97 CaO 5.07 % H 79 % N2
0.08 % CO 11.42 % Fe2O3, 13.00 % SiO2 1.76 % S
Al2O3
73.64 % N2 20.80 % SiO2 7.00 % Fe2O3, 1.71 % N
Al2O3
0.63 % SO2 2.50 % MgO 5.97 % O
0.65 % Graphite 0.86 % Moisture
0.56 % FeS2 20.04 % Ash
0.71 % H2O

Calculate the per 100 kg of clinker, the kmol of flue gas, the kg of Raw-Mix and the kg of Coal
Also
o Determine the heat of reaction
o Determine the actual amount of the compounds present in the reactants and product
o Use heat of reaction = heat of formation of products – heat of formation of reactants
o Sensible heat contents of the gases
o % Heat lost due to presence of CO in the flue gas
o % Heat lost due to water vapor
 In estimation the composition of the clinker,
The following items will be considered negligible
o Free CaO
o Combined MgO
o The amount of Fe2O3 in the clinker, other than that derive from pyrites in the raw mix and
coal
o Compound of SO3

All iron present in the clinker is considered to be present as tetracalciumaluminoferrite, the

remaining alumina as tricalcium aluminate, and the remaining calcium combined with silica as
dicalcium and tricalcium soilicates.

The following assumptions are employed in estimating the composition of the raw mix:
o All the MgO is in the form of MgCO3
o The rest of the carbonate is CaCO3
o Any CaO not present as carbonate is present as CaO.SiO2
o The amount of Fe2O3 in the fraction reported as Fe2O3 and Al2O3 is negligible
o All Al2O3 is present as Al2O3.SiO2

In the ash assumption are as follow,

o Fe2O3 is present as Fe2O3.SiO2
o CaO and remaining SiO2 are partially combines as CaO.SiO2 and 2CaO.SiO2
 Given:

64.59 % C A, kmol
1.71 % N
79 % N2
5.07 % H
21 % O2
1.76 % S
5.97 % O
0.86 % moisture
20.04 % Ash
C, kg
G, kmol
Rotary Kiln
F, kg 73. 64 % N2
25.39 % CO2
41.97 % CaO 0.89 % SO2
33.34 % CO2 0.08 % CO
13.00 % SiO2
7.00 % Fe2O3,Al2O3
2.50 % MgO
0.65 % Graphite
0.56 % FeS2 Clinker Analysis
0.71 % H2O 63.42 % CaO
20.80 % SiO2
11.42 % Fe2O3, Al2O3
3.28 % MgO
0.63 % SO2

Basis: 100 kg Clinker

Required: kmol of flue gas, G
kg of raw-mix, F
kg of coal, C
heat of reaction
sensible heat contents of the gases
% heat lost due to presence of CO
% heat lost due to water vapor
 Solution:

C + S Balance
kmol CO2 1 kmol C
(𝐹)(0.3334 kg CO2 ) ( )( )
44 kg CO2 1 kmol CO2
kmol FeS2 2 kmol S
+ (F)(0.0056 kg FeS2 ) ( )( )
120 kg FeS2 1 kmol FeS2
kmol C kmol C kmol S
+ (F)(0.0065 kg graphite) ( ) + (C)(0.6459 kg C) ( ) + (C)(0.0176 kg S) ( )
12 kg C 12 kg C 32 kg S
kmol SO2 1 kmol S 1 kmol C
= (0.0063)(100) kg SO2 ( )( ) + (G)(0.2539) kmol CO2 ( )
64 kg SO2 1 kmol SO2 1 kmol CO2
1 kmol C
+ (G)(0.0008) kmol CO ( )
1 kmol CO

0.3334 (2)(0.0056) 0.0065 0.6459 0.0176

( + + )F + ( + )C
44 120 12 12 32
1
= (0.0063)(100) ( ) + (0.2539 + 0.0008)G
64

Eqn. 1:
0.00821𝐹 + 0.0544𝐶 = 0.00984 + 0.2547𝐺

N2 Balance
kmol N2 0.5 kmol N2
(𝑪)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟏 𝒌𝒈 𝑵𝟐 )( )( ) + (𝐴)(0.79 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 N2 ) = (𝐺)(0.7364 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 N2 )
14 kg 𝑁2 1 kmol N2

0.0171
( )𝐶 + 0.79𝐴 = 0.7364𝐺
(2)(14)

Eqn. 2:
0.0006107𝐶 + 0.79𝐴 = 0.7364𝐺

Active O2 Balance
kmol CO2 kmol O 0.5 kmol O2
(F)(0.3334 kg CO2 ) ( ) + (C)(0.0597 kg O) ( )( ) + (A)(0.21 kmol O2 )
44 kg CO2 16 kg O 1 kmol O
 1 kmol O2
= (G)(0.2359 kmol CO2 ) ( ) + (G)(0.0089 kmol O2 )
1 kmol CO2
0.5 kmol O2 kmol SO2 1 kmol O2
+(G)(0.0008 kmol CO) ( ) + (0.0063)(100) kg SO2 ( )( )
1 kmol CO 64 kg SO2 1 kmol SO2

0.3334 0.0597 0.0008

( )F + ( ) C + 0.21𝐴 = (0.2359 + 0.0089 + )G
44 (2)(16) 2

Eqn. 3:
0.007577𝐹 + 0.001866𝐶 + 0.21𝐴 = 0.2632𝐺 + 0.00984

Non-volatile Oxide Balance

0.4197𝐹 + 0.13𝐹 + 0.07𝐹 + 0.025𝐹 + 0.2004𝐶 = 11.42 + 3.28 + 63.42 + 20.8

Eqn. 4:
0.6447𝐹 + 0.2004𝐶 = 98.92

Summary:

0.00821𝐹 + 0.0544𝐶 − 0.2547𝐺 = 0.00984

0.0006107C + 0.79A − 0.7364G = 0

0.007577𝐹 + 0.001866𝐶 + 0.21𝐴 − 0.2632𝐺 = 0.00984

0.6447𝐹 + 0.2004𝐶 = 98.92

F = 135.67 kg
C = 57.14 kg
G = 16.54 kmol
A = 15.37 kmol
 Amount of Fe2O3
11
2𝐹𝑒𝑆2 + 𝑂 → 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 + 4𝑆𝑂2
2 2

1 1 160
𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 (𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑚𝑖𝑥) = 0.0056𝐹 𝑏𝑦 𝐹𝑒𝑆2 ( )( )( ) (135.67)
120 2 1
𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 (𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑚𝑖𝑥) = 0.5065 𝑏𝑦 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3

𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑙) = 11.42𝑘𝑔 − 0.003733(135.67)𝑘𝑔 − 0.07(135.67)𝑘𝑔

𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑙) = 1.4166 𝑘𝑔 ⋍ 1.42𝑘𝑔 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3

@ Clinker
𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑒𝑟 = (1.42 + 0.5065)𝑘𝑔 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 = 1.9265 𝑘𝑔 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3
𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑒𝑟 = 0.07(135.67) = 9.4969 𝑘𝑔 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3
20.80
𝑆𝑖𝑂2 = = 0.3467 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
60
9.4969
𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 = = 0.0931 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
102
1.9265
𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 = = 0.1204 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
160
63.42
𝐶𝑎𝑂 = = 1.1325 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
56

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 4𝐶𝑎𝑂. 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 . 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 = 0.01204 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 3𝐶𝑎𝑂. 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 = 0.0931 − 0.01204 = 0.08106 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
3 4
𝐶𝑎𝑂 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 = 1.1325 − 0.08106( ) − 0.01204( ) = 0.84116 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
1 1
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 3𝐶𝑎𝑂. 𝑆𝑖𝑂2 = 0.14776 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 2𝐶𝑎𝑂. 𝑆𝑖𝑂2 = 0.19894 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
Clinker Analysis
Component kmols Molar Weight, kg %Component
kg/kmols
3𝐶𝑎𝑂. 𝑆𝑖𝑂2 0.14776 228 33.69 34.05%
2𝐶𝑎𝑂. 𝑆𝑖𝑂2 0.19894 172 34.22 34.59%
3𝐶𝑎𝑂. 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 0.08106 270 21.89 22.13%
4𝐶𝑎𝑂. 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 . 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 0.01204 486 5.85 5.91%
𝑀𝑔𝑂 3.28 3.32%
Total: 98.93 100%

@ Raw Mix, F
45.23
𝐶𝑂2 = = 1.0280 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
44
56.94
𝐶𝑎𝑂 = = 1.0168 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
56
17.64
𝑆𝑖𝑂2 = = 0.2939 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
60
9.50
𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 = = 0.0931 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
102
3.39
𝑀𝑔𝑂 = = 0.0848 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
40
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑂3 = 0.0848 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
1 1 1
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 = 1.0280 ( ) − 0.0848 ( ) ( ) = 0.9432 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
1 1 1
1 kmol CaO 1 kmol CaO ∙ SiO2
mol CaO ∙ SiO2 = 1.0168 kmol CaO − 0.9432 kmol CaCO3 ( )( )
1 kmol CaCO3 1 kmol CaO
mol CaO ∙ SiO2 = 0.0736 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 CaO ∙ SiO2
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙2 O3 ∙ SiO2 = 0.0931 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙2 O3 ∙ SiO2
𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑖O2
1 kmol 𝑆𝑖O2
= 0.2939 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑖O2 − 0.0736 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 CaO ∙ SiO2 ( )
1 kmol CaO ∙ SiO2
1 kmol SiO2
− 0.0931 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙2 O3 ∙ SiO2 ( )
1 kmol 𝐴𝑙2 O3 ∙ SiO2
𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑖O2 = 0.1272 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆𝑖O2
Composition of the Raw Mix:
n (kmol) 𝐤𝐠 Mass (kg) % by mass
MW (𝐤𝐦𝐨𝐥)
𝑆𝑖O2 0.1272 60 7.63 5.64
𝐴𝑙2 O3 ∙ SiO2 0.0931 162 15.08 11.15
CaO ∙ SiO2 0.0736 116 8.54 6.31
CaCO3 0.9432 100 94.32 69.72
MgCO3 0.0848 84 7.12 5.26
𝐻2 𝑂 0.96 0.71
𝐹𝑒𝑆2 0.76 0.56
Graphite 0.88 0.65

Heat of Formations at 𝑇 = 298 𝐾

Reactants ° 𝐤𝐜𝐚𝐥 Products ° 𝐤𝐜𝐚𝐥
∆𝐇𝐟,𝟐𝟗𝟖 ( ) ∆𝐇𝐟,𝟐𝟗𝟖 ( )
𝐤𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐤𝐦𝐨𝐥
𝐹𝑒𝑆2 -38.62 CO -26.416
𝐹𝑒2 O3 -198.5 𝐶O2 -94.052
𝐴𝑙2 O3 -399.09 3CaO ∙ 𝐴𝑙2 O3 -851.099
𝑆𝑖O2 -203.35 4CaO ∙ 𝐴𝑙2 O3 -1214.625
∙ 𝐹𝑒2 O3
CaO -151.7 2CaO ∙ SiO2 -551.625
3CaO ∙ SiO2 -700.526
𝑆O2 -70.94
𝐹𝑒2 O3 -198.5
 Heat of Reaction
1
𝐻2 + 𝑂2 → 𝐻2 𝑂
2
𝒌𝑱
∆𝑯𝟎𝒇,𝟐𝟗𝟖 = 𝟎
𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝐶 + 𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂2
0
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝐽
∆𝐻𝑓,298 = (−94.052 ) (4.184 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝒌𝑱
∆𝑯𝟎𝒇,𝟐𝟗𝟖 = −𝟑𝟗𝟑. 𝟓𝟏𝟑𝟔
𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑆 + 𝑂2 → 𝑆𝑂2
0
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝐽
∆𝐻𝑓,298 = (−70.94 ) (4.184 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝒌𝑱
∆𝑯𝟎𝒇,𝟐𝟗𝟖 = −𝟐𝟗𝟔. 𝟖𝟏𝟑𝟎
𝒎𝒐𝒍
1
𝐶 + 𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂
2
0
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝐽
∆𝐻𝑓,298 = (−26.416 ) (4.184 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝒌𝑱
∆𝑯𝟎𝒇,𝟐𝟗𝟖 = −𝟏𝟏𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝟒𝟓
𝒎𝒐𝒍
3𝐶𝑎𝑂 + 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 → 3𝐶𝑎𝑂 ∙ 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3
0
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝐽
∆𝐻𝑓,298 = {−851.099 − [(3) (−151.7 ) + (−399.09 )]} (4.184 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝒌𝑱
∆𝑯𝟎𝒇,𝟐𝟗𝟖 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟗𝟑𝟐𝟕
𝒎𝒐𝒍
2𝐶𝑎𝑂 + 𝑆𝑖𝑂2 → 2𝐶𝑎𝑂 ∙ 𝑆𝑖𝑂2
0
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝐽
∆𝐻𝑓,298 = {−551.625 − [(2) (−151.7 ) + (−203.35 )]} (4.184 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝒌𝑱
∆𝑯𝟎𝒇,𝟐𝟗𝟖 = −𝟏𝟖𝟕. 𝟕𝟓𝟕𝟎
𝒎𝒐𝒍
3𝐶𝑎𝑂 + 𝑆𝑖𝑂2 → 3𝐶𝑎 ∙ 𝑆𝑖𝑂2
0
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝐽
∆𝐻𝑓,298 = {−700.526 − [(3) (−151.7 ) + (−203.35 )]} (4.184 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝒌𝑱
∆𝑯𝟎𝒇,𝟐𝟗𝟖 = −𝟏𝟕𝟔. 𝟎𝟒𝟔𝟎
𝒎𝒐𝒍
11
2𝐹𝑒𝑆2 + 𝑂 → 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 + 4𝑆𝑂2
2 2
0
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝐽
∆𝐻𝑓,298 = {[−198.5 + (4) (−70.94 )] − [(2) (−38.62 )]} (4.184 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
 𝒌𝑱
∆𝑯𝟎𝒇,𝟐𝟗𝟖 = −𝟏𝟔𝟗𝟒. 𝟔𝟎𝟑𝟕
𝒎𝒐𝒍
4𝐶𝑎𝑂 + 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 + 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 → 4𝐶𝑎𝑂 ∙ 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 ∙ 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3
0
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
∆𝐻𝑓,298 = {−1214.15
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝐽
− [(4) (−151.7 ) + (−399.09 ) + (−198.5 )]} (4.184 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝒌𝑱
∆𝑯𝟎𝒇,𝟐𝟗𝟖 = −𝟒𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟓𝟖
𝒎𝒐𝒍
Sensible Heat Content of the Gases
Assuming T0 = 32℉
For N2
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑝 = 0.25
𝑙𝑏 − ℉
𝑇 = 1410℉
𝑥𝑁2 = 0.7364
28 𝑘𝑔 𝑁2 2.2 𝑙𝑏 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑞𝑁2 = (0.7364)(16.54 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2 ) ( )( ) (0.25 ) (1410℉ − 32℉)
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2 1 𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏 ∙ ℉
𝒒𝑵𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓𝟖𝟒𝟕𝟓. 𝟒𝟎𝟒𝟒 𝑩𝒕𝒖

For CO2
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑝 = 0.21
𝑙𝑏 − ℉
𝑇 = 1410℉
𝑥𝐶𝑂2 = 0.2539
44 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑂2 2.2 𝑙𝑏 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑞𝐶𝑂2 = (0.2539)(16.54 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂2 ) ( )( ) (0.21 ) (1410℉ − 32℉)
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂2 1 𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏 ∙ ℉
𝒒𝑪𝑶𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟔. 𝟒𝟗𝟒𝟗 𝑩𝒕𝒖

For O2
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑝 = 0.22
𝑙𝑏 − ℉
𝑇 = 1410℉
𝑥𝑂2 = 0.0089
32 𝑘𝑔 𝑂2 2.2 𝑙𝑏 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑞𝑂2 = (0.0089)(16.54 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 ) ( )( ) (0.22 ) (1410℉ − 32℉)
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 1 𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏 ∙ ℉
𝒒𝑶𝟐 = 𝟑𝟏𝟒𝟏. 𝟕𝟑𝟖𝟖 𝑩𝒕𝒖
 For CO
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑝 = 0.24
𝑙𝑏 − ℉
𝑇 = 1410℉
𝑥𝐶𝑂 = 0.0008
28 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑂 2.2 𝑙𝑏 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑞𝐶𝑂 = (0.0008)(16.54 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂) ( )( ) (0.24 ) (1410℉ − 32℉)
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂 1 𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏 ∙ ℉
𝒒𝑪𝑶 = 𝟐𝟔𝟗. 𝟓𝟔𝟕𝟎 𝑩𝒕𝒖
% Heat lost due to the presence of CO
𝐻𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑂
%𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝐶𝑜 𝑖𝑛 𝐺 = 𝑥 100 %
𝐻𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑎𝑙
𝐵𝑇𝑈 28 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑂 2.2𝑙𝑏
(4344 ) [(0.008)(16.54 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂) ( )( )]
𝑙𝑏 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑂 𝑘𝑔
= 𝑥 100 %
𝐵𝑇𝑈 2.2𝑙𝑏
(1280 ) (57.14 𝑘𝑔)( )
𝑙𝑏 𝑘𝑔
%𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝑪𝒐 𝒊𝒏 𝑮 = 22.0051 %

% Heat lost due to the water vapor

𝐵𝑇𝑈
√𝑠𝑣 = 0.972 = ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑙𝑏
𝐻2 𝑂 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
(0.0086)(57.14)𝑘𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂 + (0.0071)(135.67)𝑘𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂
1𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
= (0.0507)(57.14)𝑘𝑔 𝐻 ( )( ) + 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑖𝑛 𝐺
𝑘𝑔 ℎ 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2
𝐻2 𝑂 𝑖𝑛 𝐺 = 0.0062 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐿𝐻𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝐻20
% ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑖𝑛 𝐺 =
𝐻𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑎𝑙

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2.2𝑙𝑏
(972 ) [(0.0062) ( )]
𝑙𝑏 𝑘𝑔
= 𝑥 100 %
𝐵𝑇𝑈 2.2𝑙𝑏
(1280 ) (57.14 𝑘𝑔)( )
𝑙𝑏 𝑘𝑔

%𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝑪𝒐 𝒊𝒏 𝑮 = 0.0082 %