4/24/22, 6:00 PM Teorem Pythagoras

The Pythagoras' Theorem

 

13.1  The Pythagoras' Theorem

 
Hypotenuse:
 
Definition
The longest side of a right-angled triangle which is opposite to the right angle.

 
Example
Identify the hypotenuse for the following diagram.

AC is the side opposite to the right angle.

Thus, AC  is the hypotenuse.

 
The relationship between the sides of a right-angled triangle:
 
The area of the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the total area of the squares on the other two sides.

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Area of R = Area of P + Area of Q

AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
 
This relationship is known as the Pythagoras’ theorem.

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Example
State the relationship between the lengths of sides of the following right-angled triangle.

The relationship is

LN 2 = LM 2 + M N 2 .

 
Determine the length of the unknown side of a right-angled triangle:
 
Example

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Given the following diagram, calculate the value of x.

Give the answer in two decimal places.

x2 = 92 + 142

= 81 + 196

= 277

x= 277 ​

= 16.64 cm.

 
The lengths of the unknown side of combined geometric shapes:
 
Example

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Calculate the length of QS  in the following diagram.

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First, calculate the length of QR.

QR2 = P Q2 − P R2

= 152 − 122

= 225 − 144

= 81

QR = 81 ​

= 9 cm.

Next, calculate the length of RS .

RS 2 = P S 2 − P R2

= 132 − 122

= 169 − 144

= 25

RS = 25 ​

= 5 cm.

Thus, the length of QS  is

QS = QR + RS

=9+5

= 14 cm.

13.2  The Converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem

 
Determine whether a triangle is a right-angled triangle:
 
If c2 < a2 + b2 , then the angle opposite to side c is an acute angle.
An acute angle is an angle less than 90∘ .

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If c2
> a2 + b2 , then the angle opposite to side c is an obtuse angle.
An obtuse angle is an angle more than 90∘  and less than 180∘ .

 
The converse of Pythagoras’ theorem states that:

2
If c = a2 + b2 , then the angle opposite to side c is a right angle.

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Example
Determine whether the following triangle is a right-angled triangle.

The longest side is 34 cm.

2
So, 34 = 1 156.

Next,

182 + 302 = 324 + 900

= 1 224.

Thus, the triangle is not a right-angled triangle.

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