Name : Syafiq Khairi

Class : TBI - 5
Students ID : 0304202139

Summary

Constituents Structure

A noun phrase is a new noun formed from various types of words strung together. Instead of
becoming a sentence, the string of words becomes a new noun. Noun phrases are usually used
when even one word is not specific enough to describe a noun.

For example :

 Nice Gown
 The Drawing Book
 That Beautiful Girl

A verb phrase is a verb that does not stand alone (consisting of more than one word) but still
means / functions as a verb. So what is meant by a verb phrase is a verb consisting of two or
more words.

For example :

 Bayu is Reading a Megazine

 Riska has written a novel

A prepsitional phrase is a combination of two or more words that provide information about a
place, time, or condition. This phrase is usually preceded by a preposition and is followed by an
object of preposition. What is included in an object of preposition? The object of a prepostion
can be in the form of a noun, pronoun, or a noun.

The example:

 I will Read the book at home

 I got the doll from my uncle

In a sentence the direct object is the noun or noun phrase that’s receiving the action of the verb.
The basic construction works like this: Subject + Verb + Who or What.

For example : “Brenna enjoyed oysters and an iced tea for dinner.”

The direct object is a noun or pronoun that takes the action of the sentence. The object
immediately answers "who?" or what? "in the case of the verb. But in this concept, the head
excludes an object.
The subject or subject is a part of a clause that marks what the speaker is talking about. The other
part of the clause besides the subject is the predicate. The subject is not always the same as the
actor or actor, especially in the passive voice.

For examples:

 Nina is a Teacher
 They are students

Tests for phrase are diagnostics used to identify sentence structure. There are numerous tests for
constituents that are commonly used to identify the constituents of English sentences

Transposition is the process of exchanging the position or the order of constituents in a sentence
without changing the grammar and semantic aspect.

For example :

 The man called the boy suddenly

 The man suddenly called the boy
 Suddenly the man called the boy

Substitutions is substituting both subject or object into pronouns, or verb phrase into auxiliary
verbs.

For example: “The young girl visited him dad”. The sentence will be “Her visited him”.

Ellipsis is the elimination of clauses of one or more words that remain applied in the context of
the remaining elements.

For example: “Rita went to school. Rita uses a bicycle”. Become “Rita went to school and Rita
went by bicycle”

A phrase is a group of words that express a concept and is used as a unit within a sentence.

For example:

 We camped by the brook

What is meant by ‘phrase’ is a slot in which one or more words can occur, or indeed in which
other phrases can occur.

For example: “Barbara handed the results to Alan on Tuesday”. Become “Barbara handed them
to Alan on Tuesday.”
Coordination is a complex syntactic structure connected by two or more elements; these
elements are called conjunctions or couplers

For example:

 The teachers and students will go to the class

 I will be a teacher or a nurse