MODULE – 1

ARM EMBEDDED SYSTEMS & ARM PROCESSOR FUNDAMENTALS

MICROPROCESSORS versus MICROCONTROLLERS:

A microprocessor is an electronic component that is used by a computer to do its work. It is a
central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip containing millions of very small
components including transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together.
A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an
embedded system. A typical microcontroller includes a processor, memory and input/output (I/O)
peripherals on a single chip.
Microprocessors Microcontrollers
Microprocessors generally does not have RAM, Microcontroller is ‘all in one’ processor, with
ROM and I/O pins. RAM, I/O ports, all on the chip.

Microprocessors usually use its pins as a bus to Controlling bus is internal and not available to
interface to RAM, ROM, and peripheral the board designer.

the controlling bus is

devices. Hence,
expandable at the board level.
Microprocessors are generally capable of being Microcontrollers are usually used for more
built into bigger general purpose applications. dedicated applications.

Microprocessors, generally do not have power Microcontrollers have power saving system,
saving system. like idle mode or power saving; mode so
overall it uses less power.

The overall cost of systems made with Microcontrollers are made by using
Microprocessors is high, because of the high complementary metal oxide semiconductor
number of external components required. technology; so they are far cheaper than
Microprocessors.

Processing speed of general microprocessors is Processing speed of Microcontrollers is about 8

above 1 GHz; so it works much faster than MHz to 50 MHz.
Microcontrollers.

Microprocessors are based on von-Neumann Microcontrollers are based on Harvard

model; where, program and data are stored in architecture; where, program memory and data
same memory module. memory are separate.