BASICS OF MICROPROCESSOR

AND MICROCONTROLLER

MR. P. P. SHETTI
 Microprocessor
• Microprocessor is a controlling unit of a micro-
computer, fabricated on a small chip capable
of performing ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit)
operations and communicating with the other
devices connected to it.
• Microprocessor consists of an ALU, register
array, and a control unit. ALU performs
arithmetical and logical operations on the data
received from the memory or an input device.
Microprocessor
 Microcontroller
• A microcontroller is a chip optimized to control
electronic devices. It is stored in a single
integrated circuit which is dedicated to
performing a particular task and execute one
specific application.
• It is specially designed circuits for embedded
applications and is widely used in automatically
controlled electronic devices. It contains
memory, processor, and programmable I/O.
 Microcomputer
• A microcomputer is a complete computer on a
small scale, designed for use by one person at a
time. An antiquated term, a microcomputer is
now primarily called a personal computer (PC), or
a device based on a single-chip microprocessor.
Common microcomputers include laptops and
desktops. Beyond standard PCs, microcomputers
also include some calculators, mobile phones,
notebooks, workstations and embedded systems.
• Microprocessor is the • Micro Controller is the
heart of Computer heart of an embedded
system. system.
• It is only a processor, so • Micro Controller has a
memory and I/O processor along with
components need to be internal memory and
connected externally
I/O components.
• Memory and I/O has to be
• Memory and I/O are
connected externally, so
the circuit becomes large. already present, and the
internal circuit is small.
• You can't use it in compact
systems.
• Cost of the entire system is
high
• Due to external
components, the total
power consumption is
high. Therefore, it is not
ideal for the devices
running on stored power
like batteries.
• You can use it in
compact systems.
• Cost of the entire system
is low
• As external components
are low, total power
consumption is less. So it
can be used with devices
running on stored power
like batteries.
• Most of the
microprocessors do not
have power saving features.
• It is mainly used in personal
computers.
• Microprocessor has a
smaller number of registers,
so more operations are
memory-based.
• Most of the
microcontrollers offer
power-saving mode.
• It is used mainly in a
washing machine, MP3
players, and embedded
systems.
• Microcontroller has more
register. Hence the
programs are easier to
write.
• Microprocessors are based • Micro controllers arc based
on Von Neumann model on Harvard architecture
• It is a central processing • It is a byproduct of the
unit on a single silicon- development of
based integrated chip. microprocessors with a
CPU along with other
peripherals.
• It has no RAM, ROM, Input- • It has no RAM, ROM,
Output units, timers, and Input-Output units, timers,
other peripherals on the and other peripherals on
chip. the chip.
• It's used for general • It's used for application-
purpose applications specific systems.
that allow you to handle
loads of data. • It's simple and
• It's complex and inexpensive with less
expensive, with a large number of instructions
number of instructions to process.
to process.