Chemistry Practical Class 12

Instructions:
1. Read the document before you start writing the experiment.
2. Follow the instructions given in the document for writing experiment in the journal.
3. Use blue / black ink ball point pen only.
4. Practical Journal should be written in single colour ink only.
5. Material to be written on unruled page should also be written in pen only.
6. Do not write anything with pencil in journal.

INDEX

Sr. No. Experiment Date

1 To determine the concentration/molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating

it against a 0.1 M standard solution of oxalic acid.

2 To determine the concentration/molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating

it against a 0.1 M standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulphate.

3 To determine the functional group of given sample (-COOH)

4 To determine the functional group of given sample (-Ar-OH)

5 To determine the functional group of given sample (-CHO)

6 To determine the functional group of given sample (->C=O)

7 To determine the functional group of given sample (-NH2)

8 To determine the functional group of given sample (-OH)

9 To analyse the given salt ()

10 To analyse the given salt ()

11 To analyse the given salt ()

12 To analyse the given salt ()

13 To analyse the given salt ()

14 To analyse the given salt ()

Experiment-1
Part A:
Aim:  Preparation of 0.1M standard solution of oxalic acid.
Material Required:
Apparatus: Standard flask (250 mL), Funnel, Chemical balance, beaker (250 mL), watch glass, glass
rod, spatula.
Chemicals: Oxalic acid.
Theory: Calculation for weighing oxalic acid for 0.1 M solution.
Molecular weight of Oxalic acid = 126 (H2C2O4 . 2H2O)
1M of Oxalic acid = 126 g/1000 mL
Therefore 0.1M = (0.1 X126 X 250) / 1000 = 3.15 g
Procedure:
1. Weigh an empty watch glass using a chemical balance.
2. Weigh 3.16g of oxalic acid accurately in the watch glass.
3. Dissolve weighed oxalic acid in minimum amount of water in 250 mL beaker and transfer it
to 250 mL standard flask.
4. Now wash the 250 mL beaker with distilled water.
5. Make the solution up to the marked point with distilled water and make sure the oxalic acid
fully dissolved.
6. This solution is 0.1M standard solution of oxalic acid.
Part B
Aim: To determine the concentration/molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a 0.025 M
standard solution of oxalic acid.
Material Required:
Apparatus: Standard flask (250 mL), Burette (50 mL), Burette stand , Pipette (20 mL), Conical flask
(250 mL), Funnel, flask, Glazed tile(white), Burner, Wire gauze, Chemical balance, beaker (250 mL),
watch glass, glass rod, measuring cyclinder (50 mL).
Chemicals: 0.1 M Oxalic acid, Potassium permanganate solution, dil. Sulphuric acid
Theory: In the present experiment, potassium permanganate acts as a powerful oxidising agent.
Although KMnO4 acts as an oxidising agent in alkaline medium also, for quantitative analysis mostly
acidic medium is used. The oxidising action of KMnO4 in the acidic medium can be represented by
the following equation:
MnO4 – + 8H+ +5e– → Mn2+ + 4H2O
2KMnO4 + 16 HCl → 2KCl + 2 MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8 H2O
Since, oxalic acid acts as a reducing agent, it can be titrated against potassium permanganate in the
acidic medium according to the following equation:
 Note:

This box content is only for viva references do not write in journal

Procedure:

1. Rinse and fill a clean burette with potassium permanganate solution.

2. Remove the air bubble, if any, from the nozzle of the burette by releasing some solution
through it. Adjust the meniscus to zero as initial reading.
3. Take 20 mL of 0.1 M oxalic acid solution in a conical flask and 1test-tube of dil.H2 SO4 to it
to prevent the formation of any precipitate of manganese dioxide during the course of the
titration.
4. Heat the oxalic acid solution upto 50°– 60°C before titrating it with potassium permanganate
solution taken in the burette.
5. Add KMnO4 solution dropwise to the hot oxalic acid solution while swirling the contents of
the flask gently. The violet colour of permanganate solution is discharged on reaction with
oxalic acid. The end point is indicated by the appearance of permanent light pink colour due
to a slight excess of permanganate solution.
 6. Repeat the titration till two constant readings are obtained. Since the solution of KMnO4 is of
dark colour, the upper meniscus should be considered for noting the burette readings.
7. Record the readings in observation table and calculate the strength of potassium
permanganate solution in mols/litre.

To be written on unruled page of journal.

Observation
Burette solution: KMnO4 solution
Conical Flask solution: 0.1 M (20 mL) Oxalic acid solution + 1 test-tube dil.H2SO4
Indicator: KMnO4 solution (Self indicator)
Pilot Reading: __________ mL to ___________ mL
End point: Colourless to light pink

Observation table

Sr. Initial Volume Final Volume Difference (mL) CBR (mL)

No. (mL) (mL)
1.
2.
3.
Calculations:

KMnO4 = Oxalic acid

a1M1V1 = a2M2V2
Where a1 and a2 are stoichiometric coefficient of oxalic acid and KMnO 4 in a balanced chemical
equation.
a1 = 2 a2 = 5
5M2V2 = 2M1V1
M2 = (2M1V1/5M2V2)
Strength = Molarity x Molar mass

Results:
1. Molarity of KMnO4 is ______
2. The Strength of KMnO4 is _____M.

Precautions

1. In burette, adjust the meniscus properly.

2. In burette there should not be any air bubble.
3. Rinse the apparatus with the respective solution.
Experiment-2
Part A:
Aim:   Preparation of 0.05M standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate.
Material Required:
Apparatus: Standard flask (250 mL), Funnel, Chemical balance, beaker (250 mL), watch glass, glass
rod, spatula.
Chemicals: Ferrous ammonium sulphate.
Theory: Calculation for weighing oxalic acid for 0.05 M solution.
Molecular weight of ferrous ammonium sulphate (FAS) = 392 (FeSO4(NH4)2SO4 . 6H2O)
1M of FAS = 392 g/1000 mL
Therefore 0.05M = (0.05 X 392 X 250) / 1000 = 4.9 g
Procedure:
7. Weigh an empty watch glass using a chemical balance.
8. Weigh 4.9 g of oxalic acid accurately in the watch glass.
9. Dissolve weighed oxalic acid in minimum amount of water in 250 mL beaker and transfer it
to 250 mL standard flask.
10. Now wash the 250 mL beaker with distilled water.
11. Make the solution up to the marked point with distilled water and make sure the FAS fully
dissolved.
12. This solution is 0.05M standard solution of FAS.
Part B
Aim: To determine the concentration/molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a 0.1 M
standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulphate.
Material Required:
Apparatus: Standard flask (250 mL), Burette (50 mL), Burette stand , Pipette (20 mL), Conical flask
(250 mL), Funnel, flask, Glazed tile(white), Burner, Wire gauze, Chemical balance, beaker (250 mL),
watch glass, glass rod, measuring cyclinder (50 mL).
Chemicals: 0.05 M ferrous ammonium sulphate, Potassium permanganate solution, dil. Sulphuric
acid
Theory: In the present experiment, potassium permanganate acts as a powerful oxidising agent.
Although KMnO4 acts as an oxidising agent in alkaline medium also, for quantitative analysis mostly
acidic medium is used. Since, FAS acts as a reducing agent, it can be titrated against potassium
permanganate in the acidic medium according to the following equation:
 Note:

This box content is only for viva references do not write in journal

The oxidation number of iron in Mohr’s salt is +2. Iron is oxidised during the reaction and
its oxidation number changes from +2 to +3. In this titration heating of ferrous ammonium
sulphate solution is not required because reaction rate is very high even at room
temperature. Also, at high temperatures, ferrous ions may be oxidised to ferric ions by
oxygen of air and error may be introduced in the experiment.

Procedure

1. Rinse and fill a clean burette with potassium permanganate solution.

2. Remove the air bubble, if any, from the nozzle of the burette by releasing some solution
through it. Adjust the meniscus to zero as initial reading.
3. Take 20 mL of 0.05 M FAS solution in a conical flask and 1test-tube of dil.H2 SO4 to it to
prevent the formation of any precipitate of manganese dioxide during the course of the
titration.
4. Add KMnO4 solution dropwise to the FAS solution while swirling the contents of the flask
gently. The violet colour of permanganate solution is discharged on reaction with oxalic acid.
5. The end point is indicated by the appearance of permanent light pink colour due to a slight
excess of permanganate solution.
6. Repeat the titration till two constant readings are obtained. Since the solution of KMnO4 is of
dark colour, the upper meniscus should be considered for noting the burette readings.
7. Record the readings in observation table and calculate the strength of potassium permanganate
solution in mols/litre.
To be written on unruled page of journal.
Observation
Burette solution: KMnO4 solution
Conical Flask solution: 0.05 M (20 mL) FAS+ 1 test-tube dil.H2SO4
Indicator: KMnO4 solution (Self indicator)
Pilot Reading: __________ mL to ___________ mL
End point: Colourless to light pink

Observation table

Sr. Initial Volume Final Volume Difference (mL) CBR (mL)

No. (mL) (mL)
4.
5.
6.
Calculations:

KMnO4 = FAS
a1M1V1 = a2M2V2
Where a1 and a2 are stoichiometric coefficient of oxalic acid and KMnO 4 in a balanced chemical
equation.
a1 = 5 a2 = 1
1M2V2 = 5M1V1
M1 = (5M1V1/1M2V2)
Strength = Molarity x Molar mass

Results:
3. Molarity of KMnO4 is ______
4. The Strength of KMnO4 is _____M.

Precautions: