459

Table of Solubility Product Constants at 25 ∘ C

Anion Equilibrium reaction K sp

Carbonates
MgCO3 MgCO3 (s) ↔ Mg2+ + CO2−
3
4.0 × 10−5
NiCO3 NiCO3 (s) ↔ Ni2+ + CO2−
3
1.4 × 10−7
CaCO3 CaCO3 (s) ↔ Ca + CO2−
2+
3
4.7 × 10−9
MnCO3 MnCO3 (s) ↔ Mn2+ + CO2− 3
4.0 × 10−10
CuCO3 CuCO3 (s) ↔ Cu2+ + CO2−3
2.5 × 10−10
FeCO3 FeCO3 (s) ↔ Fe2+ + CO2−
3
2.0 × 10−11
ZnCO3 ZnCO3 (s) ↔ Zn2+ + CO2−3
3.0 × 10−11
CdCO3 CdCO3 (s) ↔ Cd2+ + CO2−3
5.2 × 10−12
PbCO3 PbCO3 (s) ↔ Pb2+ + CO2−
3
1.5 × 10−13
Chromate
CaCrO4 CaCrO4 (s) ↔ Ca2+ + CrO2−
4
7.1 × 10−4
PbCrO4 PbCrO4 (s) ↔ Pb2+ + CrO2−
4
1.8 × 10−14
Fluoride
MgF2 MgF2 (s) ↔ Mg2+ + 2F− 8 × 10−8
CaF2 CaF2 (s) ↔ Ca2+ + 2F− 1.7 × 10−14
Hydroxide
Mg(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 (s) ↔ Mg2+ + 2OH− 8.9 × 10−12
Mn(OH)2 Mn(OH)2 (s) ↔ Mn2+ + 2OH− 2.0 × 10−13
Cd(OH)2 Cd(OH)2 (s) ↔ Cd2+ + 2OH− 2.0 × 10−14
Pb(OH)2 Pb(OH)2 (s) ↔ Pb2+ + 2OH− 4.2 × 10−15
Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)2 (s) ↔ Fe2+ + 2OH− 1.8 × 10−15
Ni(OH)2 Ni(OH)2 (s) ↔ Ni2+ + 2OH− 1.6 × 10−16

Ion Exchange in Environmental Processes: Fundamentals, Applications and Sustainable Technology,

First Edition. Arup K. SenGupta.
© 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
460 Ion Exchange in Environmental Processes: Fundamentals, Applications and Sustainable Technology

Anion Equilibrium reaction K sp

Zn(OH)2 Zn(OH)2 (s) ↔ Zn2+ + 2OH− 4.5 × 10−17

Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 (s) ↔ Cu2+ + 2OH− 1.6 × 10−19
Cr(OH)3 Cr(OH)3 (s) ↔ Cr3+ + 3OH− 6.7 × 10−31
Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 (s) ↔ Al3+ + 3OH− 5.0 × 10−33
Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)3 (s) ↔ Fe3+ + 3OH− 6.0 × 10−38
Phosphate
MgNH4 PO4 MgNH4 PO4 (s) ↔ Mg2+ + NH+4 + PO3−
4
2.5 × 10−13
AlPO4 AlPO4 (s) ↔ Al3+ + PO3−
4
6.3 × 10−19
Mn3 (PO4 )2 Mn3 (PO4 )2 (s) ↔ + 2PO3−
3Mn2+ 4
1.0 × 10−22
Ca3 (PO4 )2 Ca3 (PO4 )2 (s) ↔ 3Ca2+ + 2PO3−
4
1.3 × 10−32
Mg3 (PO4 )2 Mg3 (PO4 )2 (s) ↔ 3Mg2+ + 2PO3−4
1 × 10−32
Pb3 (PO4 )2 Pb3 (PO4 )2 (s) ↔ 3Pb2+ + 2PO3−
4
1.0 × 10−32
Sulfate
CaSO4 CaSO4 (s) ↔ Ca2+ + SO2−
4
2.5 × 10−5
PbSO4 PbSO4 (s) ↔ Pb2+ + SO2−
4
1.3 × 10−8
BaSO4 BaSO4 (s) ↔ 2+
Ba + SO2−4
1.1 × 10−10
RaSO4 RaSO4 (s) ↔ Ra2+ + SO2−
4
3.7 × 10−11
Sulfide
MnS MnS(s) ↔ Mn2+ + S2− 7.0 × 10−16
FeS FeS(s) ↔ Fe2+ + S2− 4.0 × 10−19
NiS NiS(s) ↔ Ni2+ + S2− 3.0 × 10−21
ZnS ZnS(s) ↔ Zn2+ + S2− 1.6 × 10−23
CdS CdS(s) ↔ Cd2+ + S2− 1.0 × 10−28
PbS PbS(s) ↔ Pb2+ + S2− 7.0 × 10−29
CuS CuS(s) ↔ Cu2+ + S2− 8.0 × 10−37
Cu2 S Cu2 S(s) ↔ 2Cu+ + S2− 1.2 × 10−49
Fe2 S3 Fe2 S3 (s) ↔ 2Fe3+ + 3S2− 1 × 10−88