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Human Diseases
Before the Aryan occupation of the Sind region and the Gangetic plain there existed in
the southern India, on the banks of the river Kavery, and Tamirapani, a civilization which
was highly organized (1). This civilization has a system of medicine to deal with
problems of sanitation and treatment of diseases. This is the Siddha system of
medicine. It is possible that in the course of time this system and the one prevalent in
the north supplemented and enriched each other. The therapeutics of Siddha medicines
consists mainly of the use of metals and minerals whereas in the earlier Ayurveda texts
there is no mention of metals and minerals (2). From earliest times in Siddha text, there
is mention of mercury, sulphur, copper, arsenic and gold used as therapeutic agents.
According to Siddha medicine AIDS has been written by the Tamil Siddhars as far back
as few thousand years during the ancient prehistoric civilization of Southern India.
The universe consists of two essential entities, matter and energy. The Siddhas call
them Siva (male) and Shakti (female, creation). Matter cannot exist without energy
inherent in it and vice versa. The two co-exist and are inseparable. They are the
primordial elements Bhutas, not to be confused with modern chemistry. Their names
are Munn (solid), Neer (fluid), Thee (radiance), Vayu (gas) and Aakasam (ether).
These five elements (Bhutas) are present in every substance, but in different
proportions. Earth, water , fire , air and ether are manifestations of these 5 elements .
The human anatomy and physiology, causative factor of diseases, the materials for the
treatment and cure of the diseases, the foods for the sustenance of the body, all fall
within the five elemental categories (3) .
The human being is made up of these five elements, in different combinations. The
physiological function in the body is mediated by three substances (dravayas), which
are made up of the five elements. They are Vatham, Pitham, and Karpam. In each and
every cell of the body these three doshas co-exist and function harmoniously. The
tissues are called dhatus. Vatham is formed by Akasa and Vayu. Vatham controls the
nervous actions such as movement, sensation ,etc. Pitham is formed by Thee and
controls the metabolic activity of the body, digestion, assimilation, warmth, etc. Kapam
is formed by Munn and Neer and controls stability. When their equilibrium is upsets
disease sets in. The chart below may help to visualize the different properties. In
addition to the influence of the Tridoshas the seasons also affects body constituents as
evident in northern and southern India.
Pitham Karpam
Vatham
characteristic is dryness,
heat, mover of the nervous smoothness, firmness,
lightness, coldness &
force of the body viscidity, heaviness
motility
Formed by Thee, controls Formed by munn and
Formed by Aakasam and
the metabolic activity of the Neer,controls the stability of
Vayu, controls the nervous
body, digestion,warmth, the body such as strength,
action that constitute
luster, intellect, potency, smooth working of
movement, activity,
assimilation,etc. Pitham joints. Karpam
sensation,etc. Vatham
predominates in the tissue predominates in other
predominates in the bone.
blood. tissues
Vatham predominates in
Karpam predominates in the
first one third of life when
Pitham predominates in the last one third of life.
activity, growth ,sharpness
second one third of life Diminishing activity of
of function of sense, are
various organs and limbs
greater
Location- in alimentary canal Location- in chest ,throat,
Location pervades the
from cardiac end of stomach head and joints
body (refer to Vayu chart)
to end of small intestine -acts as thermostat of body
The seven tissues (dhatus) one of the three doshas predominates as shown in chart
above in third column. The seven dhatus are: Rasa (lymph), Kurudhi (blood), Tasai
(muscle), Kozhuppu (adipose tissue), Elumbu (bone), Majjai (marrow) and Sukkilam
and Artavam (male and female hormones) (4).
The theory of predominance of the Tridoshas according to age and season varies from
that of Ayurveda (see chart). Plus in Ayurveda the experts argue that Vatham
predominates in old age as in last one third of life contributing to emaciation, dryness,
etc.( as opposed to Karpam in Siddha) but as anyone who has been to north and south
India will attest to -the extreme weather in the opposite ends of the country will affects
individuals differently. Hence both theories could very well be correct.
Method of Treatment - The treatment for the imbalance of the Tridoshas are made up
of the five elements. The drugs are made up of the five elements. By substituting a drug
of the same constituents (guna) the equilibrium is restored. The correction of the
imbalance is made by substituting the drug which is predominately of the opposite
nature. An example is of Vatham imbalance is cold, dry thus the treatment will be oily
and warmth. For inactivity of limbs, massage and activity, are prescribed. If Pitham
dosha is increased, warmth is produced; to decrease Pitham , sandalwood is
administered, internally or externally because of its cold characteristics (5).
Mercury
In North America, mercury based medicine are banned although the dental field still
uses mercury amalgam fillings. Most practitioners would caution against using some
Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Tibetan medicine due to the mercury and lead. This is largely
due to the ignorance, as the mercury used in these medicines are completely
transformed into inert compound or ores (bhasma) through a 18 step process before
being prescribed as medicine. (On the other hand it has been proven via X-ray that
every time a person with mercury amalgam fillings chew their food they swallow a little
of the mercury in their fillings.)
Mercury occupies a very high place in Siddha medicine. It is used as a catalytic agent in
many of its medicines. When mercury is used it is used in combination with sulfur. The
addition of sulfur is to control the fluidity of mercury this converts to mercuric sulfite
which is insoluble in mineral acids. Siddhas used 5 forms of mercury. (1) Mercury
metal-rasam (2) red sulfide of mercury-lingam (3) mercury chloride- veeram (4)
mercury subchloride (mercury chloride)-pooram (5) red oxide of mercury-rasa
chenduram. Ordinary rasa chenduram (red oxide of mercury) is a poison but when it is
processed as Poorna chandrodayam according to Siddha practice, it becomes
ambrosia. Research is necessary to solve such apparent riddles of the transformation
of these admittedly poisonous compounds.
Here is a brief summary of the classifications of Siddha medicine (7).
1. Uppu (Lavanam): drugs that dissolve in water and decrepitates when put into fire
giving off vapors. (Water soluble inorganic compounds). There are 25 varieties and are
called kara-charam, salts and alkalis.
2. Pasha
Pashanam: drugs that do not dissolve in water but give off vapours when put into fire
(water insoluble inorganic compounds)
3. Uparasam: drugs that do not dissolve in water (chemicals similar to PashaPashanam but
differing in their actions) such as mica, magnetic iron, antimony, zinc sulphate, iron
pyrites, ferrous sulfate.
4. Loham: metals and minerals alloys (water insoluble, melt in fire, solidify on cooling)
such as gold, silver copper, iron, tin and lead
5. Rasam: drugs which are soluble, sublime when put in fire, changing into small
crystals -mercury amalgams and compounds of mercury, arsenic.
6. Gandhakam: sulphur insoluble in water, burns off when put into fire
7. Ratnas and uparatnas: thirteen varieties are described coral, lapis-lazli, pearls,
diamonds, jade, emerald, ruby, sapphire, opal, vaikrantham, rajavantham, spatikam
harin mani.
It is important to know the compatibility of the drugs that produce synergistic effects or
antagonistic effects-hence do not self prescribe Siddha medicines.
In Siddha materia medica, metals are divided according to the Bhutas. The Siddha have
also given the following proportions of the Bhutas (see second table).
Diagnosis
The eight methods of diagnosis (sthanas) are nadi (pulse), kan (eyes), swara(voice),
sparisam(touch), varna (color), na(tongue), mala (faeces) and neer (urine).
Nadi Vignanam - the diagnosis and prognosis by reading of the pulse.
Nadi in Siddha means two things -one is the pulse and the other is the nerves. In Yoga
philosophy there are 72,000 nadis or meridians. They take root from the main sushuma
, intertwined by the ida and the pingala. These are three most important nerves in the
body along the spinal cord. The sushuma resides inside the spinal cord, and ida and
pingala cross at the chakra points along spine. Science has yet to locate these three
nerves. They are part of the sympathetic nervous system. The pulse is influenced in
health or in a disturbed state by the nerves mentioned above and their minute branches
all over the body (8).
The following pre-conditions are necessary before taking pulse.
The patients should not have oil on his/her head and the body should not be wet. The
pulse should not be taken after a meal, running, any physical exercise, emotional
disturbances (anger, joy). The general rule is for males, the right hand pulse is taken,
female -left hand pulse. But owing to anatomical variations other places for pulse taking
can be used, such as ankle, ear lobes.
The pulse should also be read at different parts of the day according to the season.
(Please note: Most of these temperature changes are based on Indian weather. This
could vary in other countries.)
April to May, the pulse is read at sunrise. June, July. October and November the pulse
should be felt at noon. December, January and February the pulse is read while the sun
sets. In March, August and September the pulse is read in the right hand. Due to the
disturbance of the doshas by the temperature changes, the normalcy of the pulse is
affected.
This is due to the increase and decrease of the doshas in the day (warmth, cold),
seasons and atmospheric changes. This increases and decrease will affects the life
stream or Jeeva dhatu. At noon the heat of the noon sun increase pitha dosha thus
normal pitha pulse will not be felt. In the cold season karpa pulse is increased. In the hot
season because of the dryness, the vatha increases and in autumn the pitha increase.
So these natural seasonal changes will be reflected in the pulse. This is the reason in
the hot months (April to May) the pulse should be felt before sunrise. As pulse reading is
subjective, evaluation, concentration and experience is valuable.
Vatha increases in morning for 4 hours after sunrise. Pitha for the next 4 hours and
karpa in the evening. In earlier part of night vatham increases, pitham during middle of
night and karpam at end of night. The place for feeling of this pulse is on the lateral
aspect of the right forearm, two centimetres up from the wrist -joint. The index, middle
and ring fingers are used to feel the vatham, pitha and karpa nadi in this respective
order. An experienced Siddha practictoner can read the threedoshas by placing his/her
finger on the radial artery. In feling the pulse, the pressure should be on on efinger after
another. The pressure alternates, on alternate fingers. The pulse is felt in the order of
vatha nadi, pitha nadi and kapa nadi.
Vatha nadi imbalance will indicate flatulence of the abdomen, pain and ache all over the
body, difficulty in urination, fever, change in voice, constipation, dry cough,
discolouration of skin.
Pitha nadi imbalance will indicate eyes, urine, and faeces become yellowish, burning
sensation in the stomach, headache, thirsty, dryness of mouth, confusion, diarrhea.
Kapa nadi imbalance will indicate heaviness of the body and head, sweet taste of
tongue, cold to touch, loss of appetite, flatulence cough with phlegm, m difficulty in
breathing.
Yellow
1. Color of urine similar to water which straw has ben soaked- indigestion
2. Lemon colour- good digestion
3. Reddish yellow -heat in body
4. Color similar to forest red or flame colored - extreme heat
5. Color of saffron- heat in body at highest level
Red
1. Red color with slight dark red- the blood has become hot
2. Bright red colour-more hot than above
3. Dark red- blood in urine
Green
1. Green with slight dark colour- cold in the body
2. Green with sky blue - cold and poison in body
3. Green with blue-vatha imbalance
4. Blue color and slimy urine early vatha disease
5. Leaf green -late vatha disease
Dark colour
1. Dark red- jaundice or serious pitha disease
2. Reddish dark-destruction of blood cells (haemolysis)
3. Greenish dark-impurities in the blood
4. Pale white and dark- vatha and kapa disease, feverish with kapa diminishing
White
1. Pale white and clear-reduction of warmth in body, indicates incurable nature of illness
2. Mucous discharge -kapa dosha due to excessive heat
3.Milky white-indicated destruction of marrow and the possibility of wasting disease
4. Pale white with mucous and bad odour- inflammation and ulcer in the urinary
passage from kidney to bladder or renal or urethral calculus
5. Semen like urine-highly depleted kapa dosha and disturbance of all doshas
6. Urine with no sediment - incurable disease
7. Urine like milk or buttermilk- incurable disease
8. Urine resembling washings of spoiled meat- bad functioning of kidneys and depletion
of blood and kapa
9. Urine like melted ghee or dense- indication of impending death
Density
If urine is light and clear it indicated vitation of kapam and weakness of bladder. Heavy
urine indicates disturbance of all doshas. Could also indicate internal ulceration and
odema of the body.
Smell
Pungent smell indicates ulcer in the bladder. Acidic smell indicates excessive heat
which may lead to coldness in limbs. Honey smell of urine indicates increase of blood in
unhealthy state. Smell of raw meat indicates possibility of disease of muscle or adipose
tissue.
Froth
Increase froth indicates destruction of muscle and fat. Yellow or reddish indicates
jaundice. No froth or little indicates vitation of tridoshas.
The Eyes
The window to the soul and internal health. If vatham is imbalances the eyes will be
shifty and dry. Pitham imbalance -eyes will be yellow and sensitive to light. If kapa in
excess, watery secretion and oiliness and lack of lustre. In disturbance of all three
doshas, eyes will be inflamed and red.
Voice
In kapa vitation -voice is heavy. In pitha vitation -voice will be short. Vatha will be different
from the other two. Voice also indicates strength.
Touch
Vatha derangement-touch will be cold. Pitha -hot. Kapa -moist.
Color
Vatha vitiated -body of person becomes rough, skin and hair appear broken. Does not
like cold. Memory is affected, self-confidence.
Pitha in excess-cause excess thirst, hunger and burning sensation. The lips, palms,
feet and eyes will be red. Kapa in excess-body is soft and oily. Loss of appetite and
thirst.
Tongue
The tongue diagnosis is also used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Refer to TCM
in AM&M report on organ location and diagnosis.
In vatha derangement, tongue will be cold, rough, furrowed. In pitta, it will be red or
yellow. In kapa, it will be pale and sticky. In depletion of tridoshas tongue will be dark,
with the papillae raised and dry.
Faeces
Undigested food-the stool will sink. Digested food -stool floats.
Provoked vatham-faeces is hard and dry. Pitta vitation, it is yellow. Kapa disturbance it
is pale. Lack of digestion fire the faeces is watery. Foul smelling of varied colour and
shining the disease is incurable.
Kalpa
The Siddhas have developed a discipline called kaya kalpa. This discipline address the
sections on longevity and fountain of youth with complete freedom from illness. It is
similar to rasayana of Ayurveda and gerontology of modern medicine. Kalpa means
‘able, competent'. The Siddha were more concerned with quality and longevity of living
than with pursuit of sex.
Gold and mercury are administered in rejuvenation. More than medicines it is the
discipline led by the individual that ensures longevity and freedom from illness. Breath
control (pranayanam) and diet are two important parts of this discipline. Proper diet will
promote physical stamina and mental equilibrium. The less ones eats the healthier can
remain. In today's world it pays to be mindful of everything that we ingest .
I met Dr. Ganapathy during my research in Madras. He is a man of deep warmth and
wisdom.
Nervine tonic:
1. Nillappanai- Curculigo Orchiodes
2. Kattu jathikkai- Myristica Malabarica
3.Vetrilai kasthuri- Hibiscus Abelmoschus
4. Etti- Strychnos nux-vomica ( a homeopathic remedy)
5. Neer birami- Bacopa Monnieri
6. Vishnu kranthi- Evolvulus Alisnoides
7. Sangu pushpi- Clitoria Ternatea
Siddars not only depend on rare herbs for kapla treatments. They use certain minerals
and metal also. It is believed that with the help of rare single kapla plant , mercury,
sulfur, arsenic, etc., may be consolidated to stand the test of fire.
Siddha kapla drugs of mineral compounds contain chiefly gold, mercury, sulfur and
salts. Mercurial compounds are highly effective as anti syphilitic, nervine, tonic,
stimulant alternatives and bacterostatic. Small doses of calcimined oxides prepared
according to the Siddha method ensure certainty of effect and absorption in the system.
Sulphur:
Calcimined sulphur or red oxide of sulfur can be obtained by solidating it first by the
Siddha method of purification. In small doses, it conserves the body, and it is
diaphoretic and alterative. Therapeutically, it is used as both external and internal
remedy against skin diseases, rheumatic arthritis, asthma, jaundice and blood
poisoning.
Arsenic:
As per Siddha kalpa, purified and consolidated arsenic is effective against all fevers,
asthma and anaemia.
Gold:
It is alterative, nervine tonic, antidote to poison and a powerful sexual stimulant. Very
little is absorbed in the system. Care is taken to see that calcinations of gold are free
from metallic state and lustre to ensure safe absorption in the system.
Thus, these drugs and metallic minerals can be screened for its anti-viral, immune
stimulant and immuno-modulator activity. As HIV negative people have taken Kalpha
drugs for rejuvenation and long life, it is believed that if Kayakapla therapy is thoroughly
investigated using modern parameters it might lead one to find whether these drugs
could be used in preventative or curative benefits in AIDS or other degenerative
disorders.
Reference: Dr. S. Rajalakshmi, Dr. G.Veluchamy, The Scope of Kalpha drugs in the
control of HIV Infection
The Siddha medicines that I have taken:
1. Thetrankottai Ilagam ( immune boster, improves digestion, increase muscle mass)
2. Amukkura Churnam mathira (Withania Somifera)
3. Thanga Baspam ( herbal pills mixed with gold powder )
4. Sivam - to improve lung capacity as in tidal volume of oxygen in breathing
5. Muthu Baspam (herbal pills with silver)
All these medicines are taken at meals with warm milk, Ovaltine, Milo or Horlicks and
add a half teaspoon of honey.
FORMATION OF DISEASES
NATURE AND HUMAN BODY HAS A SIMILAR PROCESS. HOW AN IMBALANCE IN THE
ELEMENT WILL DESTROY THE NATURE SIMILARLY ANY IMBALANCE CREATED IN HUMAN
BODY WILL LEAD TO ILLNESS. NATURE FIRST WARNS US THROUGH SYMPTOMS AND
LATER IT TURNS AS A DISEASE
FORMATION OF DISEASE DEPENDS ON THREE FACTORS
Co-Cycle
Destructive Cycle
Receiving
Diseases through Co-Cycle
Let’s see co-cycle in detail. In co-cycle diseases are formed when there is a problem in
the formation of the elements. Take earth as an example. For the formation of earth, fire
has to completely cool. If the cooling process is incomplete then earth carries the heat in
it. It results in either of the following
The blockage in the meridian creates a pressure and hence energies get mixed up with
each other resulting in imbalance. For example, in nature, when water gets mixed with
earth or soil, the soil gets clogged and the water is unable to seep through. Similarly, in
our body when water energy gets mixed with earth energy, nephrons get clogged and
they are unable to purify the blood and with the passage of time, if not rectified, this leads
to kidney dysfunction.
Let’s take fire as an example and see the diseases that are formed because of mixing.
Fire mixing with Earth
Burning sensation in stomach
Hemoglobin count problem
Diabetes
Thyroid
Stomach disorder
Problems related to Circulatory / cardiac systems
Problems in cell tissues
Fire mixing with Air
Burning sensation in skin
Lungs related problem
Large intestine related problem (constipation)
Fire mixing with Water
Bone related problems
Disorders of kidney and urinary bladder
Patients can collapse completely
Fire mixing with Wood
Disorders of muscles, Liver, Arteries / veins
Gall bladder related problems(including tumor, stone)
Eye related problems
We have seen only fire. Similarly any element can mix with any other element. This is
how diseases are formed in destructive cycle
Diseases through Receiving
If a person in unable to receive any of the energy then the corresponding organs get
affected. For example if a person is not receiving wood energy, then he might suffer from
any of the following:
Disorder in Liver, Gall Bladder
Poor contraction and expansion of muscles
Nerve/Artery related problems
Eye problems
In due course the fire may not burn properly as there is no wood and hence the organs
related to fire also gets affected and this cycle continues….
1. Vatham84
2. pitham 48,
3. kapham 96,
4. vayu 300,
5. sayam 7,
6. soolai 200,
7. pandu 10,
8. nethiranoi96,
9. silandinoi 60,
10. kunmam8,
12. perungalalai
95,
13. suram 85
14. thanurvayu
300
15. peruvayuru 8
16. makotharam 7
17.
thalayilveekkam 5
18.
udambuveekkam
16
19. pilavai 10
20. paduvan 11
21. kopulnoi 7
22. peelinoi 8
23. uruvasiam 5
24. karappan 90
25. kendai 10
26. kuttam 20
27.
kathirveechunoi 3
28. thittainoi 6
29. sobai 16
30. Esivu 6
31. murchai 7
32. padunoi 46
33. moolanoi 9
34. azalnoi 10
35. penisam 76
36. kadivisham 76
37. nakkupalnoi
76
38. kirani 25
39. maalaikan 20
40. athisaram 25
41. kati 12
42. kirumi 6
43. muttunoi 30
44. muthiranoi 20
45. saththi 5
46. kalladaippu 80
47. vaivu 90
48. thimirnoi 10
49. vipuruthi 18
50. mekaneer 21
51. neernoi 5
52. vizapakam 16
53. kathunoi 10
54. vikkal 10
55. arosikam 5
56. mukunoi 10
57. kadithodam
500
58.
kayamkathuvetu
700
59. kiranthi 48
60. porivisham
800
61. puraneerkovai
200
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