Certificate

This is to certify that Siddharth Bhandaru of class XI

of Aditya English Medium School has successfully completed
project under the guidance of Radhika Bansal
during the academic year 2021 - 2022.

Principal Sign Teacher’s signature

 ACKNOWLDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher

Radhika Bansal, who gave me golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project. For the subject of Physics on To Study of the
Parallelogram Law of the Vector. I am also thankful to our principal
for supporting me. I came to know about so many things. I would also
like to thank my parents who was very supportive during this process.
Thank you.

Yours Faithfully,
Siddharth Bhandaru
Student name:
Siddharth Bhandaru

Class : XI Division: C

Roll no: 27

Subject: Physics

Project name: Checking The bacterial

contamination in drinking water by testing
sulphide ion.
 Checking

The bacterial

contamination in

drinking water by

testing sulphide ion.

1 Introduction
2 Aim
3 Requirements
4 Procedure
5 Observation
6 Result
7 Conclusion
8 Precautions
9 Bibliography
 Inroduction
The sulphide ion test for bacterial contamination
is good. In surface waters, hydrogen sulphide is
formed under oxygen deficient conditions.
Hydrogen sulphide is also produced from the
decomposition of sulphur containing organic
compounds. The concentration of sulphide ion
becomes significant only at pH 10 or above. Under
acidic conditions, the concentration of hydrogen
sulphide predominates. Hydrogen sulphide is a
weak acid, which ionizes to yield
hydrosulphide(HS) and sulphide (53) ions.
Hydrogen sulphide is highly toxic to fish.
Concentrations of total sulphide as low as 0.01
mg/L make the water uninhabited fish culture.
Hydrogen sulphide also reduces the aesthetic
value of the water body due to foul colour. The
bacterial contamination can be tested using H2S
strip.
Presence of pathogenic bacteria in water can be
detected by testing the sulphide content of water.
The presence of sulphide ions in water is an
indicator of: i) High pH above 10.11) Sulphide
producing bacteria iii) Diminished oxygen
concentrations Conducting the sulphide ion test:-
The sulphide ion test is conducted using an
Hydrogen sulphide strip (H2S). - The H2S strip is
dipped into the water to be tested for 14 to 16
hours. - The H2S strip turns black if sulphide ions
are present in the water. The black colour is due
to the lonization of the Hys.

Aim
To test the contamination of drinking water by
bacteria be checking the sulphide ion
concentration and find out the cause of
contamination.

Requirements
Apparatus Required:
 1) Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S Strip)
2) Beaker
3) Drinking Water
4) Thermometer

Chemicals Required:
1) Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)

Pcrocedure
This experiment is to be done in an incubator:
 Add about 250ml of water in a
beaker.
 Dip the H2S strip in the beaker with
water.
 Heat the beaker for about 35
degree centigrade
 Check the temperature
(temperature should be at 35
degree centigrade)
 Keep it in incubator for 14-16 hours
of time.
 Check the result if the water turns
block then it is unfit for drinking /
highly contaminated for drinking or
for human use.
 The sulphide ion test for bacterial
contamination is good. In surface
waters, hydrogen sulphide is
formed under oxygen-deficient
conditions. Hydrogen sulphide is
also produced from the
decomposition of sulphur
containing organic compounds. The
 concentration of sulphide ion
becomes significant only at pH 10 or
above.

Observation

Source of Water Result

Water from the tap of Water is fit for drinking.
our school
 Water from the tap of Water is unfit for
Public Washrooms drinking.

Spring water Water is fit for drinking.

River water Water is unfit for

drinking.

Bottled Water Water is fit for drinking.

Water From Acid Rain Water is unfit for

drinking.

Result
By the experiment done the result says that at
some ploce water is fit for drinking at some places
whereas it is unfit for drinking at some places.
Especially water is unfit for drinking from river
bodies.
 Conclusion

 Water is mostly unfit for drinking from

river.
 Water is also unfit for drinking at some of
the water that come to houses.
 Therefore, we should purify the water
before drinking. And we should not drink
 water from random places

Precautions

The handling precautions should be numerous

and multi-level. They also need to be adapted to
the volume of H2S that you will have inside the
lab and the extent of the research effort that you
plan that involves H2S. It is one thing to run a
couple of experiments with small volumes of H2S
and it is another to use large numbers of moles of
H2S for extended periods of time. For small
volumes and limited experimentation, working
with everything inside of a well functioning fume
hood along with a portable monitoring system, air
packs, and notification of "neighbours" and an
H2S training program for everyone who MIGHT
get involved (include neighbours), is an absolute
minimum. For large volumes of H2S and/or a
extended research program, you need to have the
area where the testing is performed so well
ventilated that all the air in a room can be
evacuated in just a couple of minutes (for this
assume that the containment inside the hood will
be breached). There should be a fixed H2S
monitoring system located just above floor level
because H2S is heavier than air. This monitoring
system should be attached to an alarm system
(both audio and visual like a fire system) with the
readout located outside of the containment area
and an alarm should activate the air evacuation of
the containment area. The air pack supply should
be located outside of containment as should the
buddy during any activity that handles H2S. And
the training of anyone impacted by the testing
should include the operation of the H2S alarm
system, use of the rescue breathing equipment,
procedures for removing someone who has been
knocked down by the H2S inside the containment
area and EVERYONE should be certified to
perform CPR at least every six months.
Finally, don't forget that you will need a way to
recover and neutralize any H2S that you are
handling. That goes for both the H2S that is
successfully contained in your test as well as any
H2S that is accidentally released. For small H2S
volumes for short tests, you need to have the
outlet of your hood evaluated for exit velocity and
stack height. If you can push the H2S out fast
enough and high enough above the building, then
dispersion may be sufficient for safe handling
(once again remember that it is heavier than air
so it sinks). For large volumes and extended
research, you need to have a commercial gas
scrubber attached to the exhaust system that is
designed to handle the air volume from the
emergency exhaust condition. These systems can
work using a number of chemicals to scrub the
H2S. I have worked with systems based upon the
use of sodium carbonate and others that used
iron oxide particles.
 Bibliography

 Chemistry Lab manual

 www.brainly.in
 www.scribd.com
 www.meritnation.com
 Ncert.nic.in
 www.indiawaterportal.org
 www.coursehero.com