Paper Title Starts Here: Centre, Times

New Roman 20pt., Bold

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Full First Author and Full Second Author, (Times New Roman 12pt.,
bold, centred)
Department of Building, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Malaysia (Times New Roman
10pt., italic, centred)
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Abstract (Times New Roman 14pt., bold)
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Enter one space after the heading. Please remove all spaces before and after paragraph. Write
here the abstract max count is 200 words in English. (Times New Roman 12 pt. alignment in
justify/block, spacing 1.0). Abstract should outline the importance/issue of the title/subject
(one-two sentences), the aim/ purpose of the article (one sentence), the data collection
methods of the study (one sentence), the main findings (one-two sentences), the conclusions
(one-two sentences) and recommendations (one sentence). Please follow the format and
guideline in this text strictly to ensure quality of writing. All authors should contribute to the
writing.
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Keywords: key word, key word, key word (arrange apmax 5 keywords)
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Introduction (Times New Roman 14pt., bold)
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No indent/ no tab on any paragraph (Times New Roman 12pt., alignment in justify/ block,
spacing 1.0). The symbol ¶ indicates the paragraph/ ‘enter’, please remove them and all
format written in blue once you have checked the final edited version of your paper. The
opening for main text shall include relevant explanations about the subject title such as the
definition, the types and the advantages. Please ensure that previous authors are
acknowledged for every sentence referred to. This means previous authors shall be cited
(using APA Style). Students often mistakenly copy the whole paragraph from one book/
article and cite at the end of the paragraph. This is wrong and considered plagiarism. Each
sentence shall be acknowledged if taken from any reference.
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For example: (Vidmar 1992) – no comma to separate the surname and the year. And Vidmar
1992 shall be found listed in the list of references (see example No.3 to match, under the
references section at the end of this format).
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If the authors are more than two, use only the first author’s surname and add the word ‘et al.’
for the citation, for example: (Chen et. al 1993) (see example No 2 to match under the list of
references section). Do not include papers in the list of references if they were not cited in the
main text. Please focus down the study by stating the aim of the article, this is compulsory.
The introduction shall not be more than two pages.
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Literature Review (Times New Roman 14pt., bold)
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Provide 30 or more citations, your writing should be at least 10 pages. DO NOT describe
what is ethics, importance of ethics and so on related to description of ethics topic. WRITE
straight about your topic! After literature review, proceed to the Conclusion section, as you
do not have data. You may have several sub-headings under the literature review, typically
following the objectives of your paper. Below are the examples of sub-headings.

Factors contributing to….

Describe all factors you can find from papers. Use Google Scholar to search for journals.
Please watch my Youtube video on Zotero to see how to add to reference manager. You are
highly encourage to use EZAccess UiTM http://ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/login and
search for online databases. Click relevant database such as Emerald, Scopus, EBSCO,
ProQuest, WoS or Wiley. Then you should proceed to the next subheading, following your
second objective.

The impact of….

Describe all impact you can find from previous papers using the method above. You can also
summarise the impact/ factors in a form of table for the factors/ impact as example in
Appendix 1. You must be able to read and understand all papers. Degree students should be
able to demonstrate their skills in education. Kindly stop playing games, to those who are
related, and focus on your studies.

The importance of….

Describe all advantages/ disadvantages you can find from previous papers using the method
above. - Ditto -
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Interview questions/ Questionnaire (Times New Roman 14pt., bold)

Kindly attach the questions as an Appendix.

Conclusions and Recommendations (Times New Roman 14pt., bold)

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The opening shall include a brief summary of the key points of the article, but do not copy or
repeat the texts that were already written in the paper (for example: what were the methods
used, write in general/ summary).

Discuss the significance of the key points. Conclusions shall be written on key points only,
which have been explained in the body text (Literature Review part).

The authors should propose a course of action, a solution to an issue, or suggestion of topics
for further study. This guideline/ format has been set to A4 paper. No spacing before or after
paragraph. And the margin is custom. Please do not change any of these settings.
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¶References (Times New Roman 12pt., bold)
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Cichocki A. and Unbehaven R. (1993). Neural Networks for Optimization and Signal Processing, 1st ed.
Chichester, U.K.: Wiley.
Chen S., Mulgrew B. and Granta P. M. (1993). A clustering technique for digital communications channel
equalization using radial basis function networks. IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 570-
578.
Vidmar R. J. (1992). On the use of atmospheric plasmas as electromagnetic reflectors. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.
21(3). pp. 876-880. Retrieved on 12/10/2019 from http://www.halcyon.com/pub/journals/21ps03-
vidmar

Example no 1 is a book, no 2 is a journal paper and no 3 is article from the web. Only the
surname is shown. No commas after the surname. And use only capital letter for the first/
second name. List all authors.

Please arrange in alphabetical order (meaning, ABC…Z). Each reference must be in the body
text/ introduction. Times New Roman, 1o pt.
 (1994)
(2000)
(2001)
(2008)
(2008)
Bakr (2019)

Akintoye (2000)
Mahamid (2014)
Author(s)

Ogwueleka (2011)

Lowe and Skitmore

Rahman et al.(2013)

Enshassi et al (2005)
Oberlender and Trost

Shash and Abdul-Hadi

Babalola and Adesanya

Akintoye and Fitzgerald

Odusami and Onukwube

X
X
X
X
X
X
Competence/
APPENDIX 1

Estimator’s
Expertise

X
X
X
Material and labour Fluctuation

X
X
X
Financial Client/

X
Duration

X
X
Characteristic

X
X
X
Complexity

Risks
Project

X
X
Information

X
Requirement

X
Document

X
X
X
X

Team Requirement

X
Characteristic Company/
Organisational

X
Culture
X
Factors

Requirement
Economic

X
X

Situation
X

Requirement
Market
X

Condition
X
X
X

X Contract
X
X

Bidding situation
X

Tender Documents
X
X
X
X

Insufficient time for

estimating Others
X

Historical cost data

X
X

Technological
requirements
X
X

Team experience
and cost information
X
X
X

Other factors
(1992)
Ogunlana, S and Thorpe X X X X X X X X
(1991)
Morrison (1984) X X
Flanagan and Norman X X
(1983)