DIRECTIONAL

DRILLING
AND
SURVEYING
 DIRECTIONAL SURVEYING

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGA95Rpn6jI&t=86s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raTMsTpD3Pg
MWD TOOLS
MWD Tools provides
the information of:
• Depth
• Inclination
• Azimuth
 DEPTH
Depth Reference
• Depth is calculated Total length of the drillstring
based on the total
length of pipe inside
the wellbore.
 INCLINATION
• Inclination is the angle, measured in
degrees, by which the wellbore or
survey-instrument axis varies from a
true vertical line.
• An inclination of 0° would be true
vertical, and an inclination of 90° would
be horizontal.
 AZIMUTH
For directional surveying, there are three
azimuth reference systems :
• Magnetic north;
• True (geographic) North;
• grid North.
 Magnetic North (MN)
• This is the direction of the
horizontal component of
the Earth’s magnetic field
lines at a particular point on
the earth’s surface.
• A magnetic compass will
align itself to these lines
with the positive pole of the
compass indicating North.
 True (Geographic)
North (TN)
• This is the direction of the
geographic North Pole.
• This lies on the axis of
rotation of the earth. The
direction is shown on maps
by the meridians of
longitude.
 Grid North (GN)
• The grid lines on a map form a
rectangular grid system, the Northerly
direction of which is determined by
one specified meridian of longitude.
• The direction of this meridian is called
Grid North. For example, in the often
used Universal Transverse Mercator
(UTM) co-ordinate system the world is
divided into 60 zones of 6 degrees of
latitude, in which the central meridian
defines Grid North.
• Grid North and True North are only
identical for the central meridian.
Comparison of co-ordinates is only
valid if they are in the same grid
system.
DIRECTIONAL DRILLING TOOLS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cl8BBoCV7gU
MOTOR
BHA
ROTOR AND
STATOR
 The steerable system
The steerable system operates in two modes;
sliding and rotary drilling.
In the rotary drilling mode, the assembly is
rotated while drilling ahead.
The bit tilt or side force associated with the
assembly is cancelled because of the
rotation of the drill string, and the assembly
acts like a stabilized rotary assembly.
The stabilizer placement is designed to
minimize the build or drop tendency of the
assembly in the rotary mode; therefore, it is
used as a hold assembly.
 The steerable system
• The motor is oriented in the
desired direction (tool face
angle), and drilling progresses
without pipe rotation.
• The change in inclination and/or
direction is derived from the bit
tilt with the bent housing motor
or from the side force exerted
from the eccentric stabilizers.
PDM – BUILD UP RATE
TOOLFACE
TOOLFACE - BUR