Comparative CFD Analysis on Laminar Flow

through nozzle attached to pipe

The National Institute of Engineering

(An Autonomous Institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
Manandawadi Road, Mysuru – 570008

PREPARED BY

Vinayak Jakkali (4NI21ME416)

Shrish Shetty (4NI20ME140)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Dr. Mrinal K R
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The National Institute of Engineering
Manandawadi Road, Mysuru – 570008
 INDEX

1 .INTRODUCTION
2 .METHODOLOGY
3 .RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4 .REFRENCES
5 .CONCLUSION
 PAGE 1

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the flow through a simple pipe is to be simulated by employing a Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes
Code. It is a very typical problem in the fluid mechanics field due to its wide presence in a large number of
experiments, analyses, and our daily life. For that reason, the circular pipe and its influence on the circulating flow
behavior have been widely studied in the literature. Entrance length, velocity profile along the pipe, and pressure loss
have to be defined for the laminar flow. The aim of this paper is to compare the analytical results from the literature
and numerical results from the CFD toolbox and fluent. Ansys is used by thousands of people worldwide for both
academic and industrial purposes

KEYWORDS

Laminar flow, Computational fluid dynamic, Ansys-Fluent, Nozzle, Simulation

1 .INTRODUCTION

Computational fluid dynamics, abbreviated as CFD, is a branch of fluid mechanics, the study of fluid flow. The ways
in which liquids and gases interact with surfaces, such as the flow of coolant through a pipe or the flow of air over an
airplane wing, is extremely complex. CFD software uses numerical methods and algorithms to analyze and solve
design problems that involve fluid flows
Nozzles are widely used in connection with many different engineering applications, mainly to generate jets and
sprays. The nozzle exit flow serves as the initial condition for the downstream flow. In most instances, flow non-
uniformity and turbulence originate within the nozzle, but the nozzle contraction is generally designed to attenuate and
minimize these effects, The capability for Navier–Stokes analysis of exhaust nozzle flow fields has progressed to the
point that, for simple nozzle geometries, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) accuracy for performance quantities is
comparable to experimental accuracy. The CFD simulation has the advantage that a discrete point approximation to
the entire flow field is available. This makes it possible to consider using the CFD solution to investigate a number of
important nozzle performance effects that would be extremely difficult to investigate experimentally.
Governing Equations -
The flow of most fluids can be mathematically described by the use of the continuity equation and momentum
equation. According to the continuity equation, the amount of fluid entering a certain volume leaves that volume or
remains there. The momentum equation tells about the balance of the momentum. The momentum equations are
sometimes also referred to as Navier-Stokes (NS) equations. They are the most commonly used mathematical
equations to describe the flow. In this section, we shall first derive NS equations and then the K-Epsilon model.
Losses through pipes -
Losses in a piping system are typically categorized as major and minor losses. Minor losses in piping systems are
generally characterized as any losses which are due to pipe inlets and outlets, fittings and bends, valves, expansions,
and contractions. 1. Major Energy Losses (This loss is due to friction) 2. Minor Energy losses.

2 .METHODOLOGY
 PAGE 2

The computational steps in this project consist of two stages. The project began from preprocessing stage of geometry
setup and grid generation. The geometry of the model was drawn using CATIA V5R13. The second stage was
computational simulation by FLUENT.

Theoretical mathematical calculations are performed by the use of Bernoulli's equation and continuity equation.
The constraints given are:
Diameter of pipe = 120mm = 0.12m
Radius of pipe = 0.06m
Diameter of nozzle = 60mm = 0.06m
Radius of nozzle = 0.03m
inlet pressure = 5.886 x 10^4 pa

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This Comparative analysis shows that there is a small difference between the analytical and numerical results. The
velocity is slightly higher in the analytical results.
PAGE 3
5. CONCLUSIONS

The success of the CFD study depends on the design and construction of a high-quality mesh grid. To guarantee
realistic simulation of the flow field, it is crucial that the mesh close to the wall is scaled suitably. By comparing the
entry distance, we can infer that laminar flow has a longer entrance length than turbulent flow, a finding that is
consistent with analytical and simulation results. Because we assume that the flow is completely developed in the
analytical solution, the pressure losses in the numerical simulation are a little larger than in the results when the input
speed is uniform. The results are the same as the analytical ones once we have applied the precise velocity profile at
the pipe entrance. The velocity profile in the fully developed flow section of a laminar flow is in perfect agreement
with the outcomes of the simulation. Due to the incomplete understanding of the turbulent flow effect, the speed
profile in a turbulent flow is consistent with some portions and deviations in the wall area and pipe axis, which is also
reflected in the literature.

6. REFERENCES

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339213591_Investigate_Laminar_and_Turbulent_Pipe_Flow_Using_Op
en_Source_CFD_Software

https://user.engineering.uiowa.edu/~fluids/Posting/Home/CFD/Introductory/Pre-Lab%201-Pipe/Introductory_Pre-
Lab1_Manual.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339213591_Investigate_Laminar_and_Turbulent_Pipe_Flow_Using_Op
en_Source_CFD_Software

CFD_analysis_of_jet_flows_ejected_from_different_n.pdf

1-s2.0-S1876610219312809-main.pdf

Rashidi S, Eskandarian M, Mahian O, Poncet S. Combination of nanofluid and inserts for heat transfer
enhancement. J Therm Anal Calorim 2018;9. doi:10.1007/s10973-018-7070-9.

Yang G, Choi M, Lee JS. An experimental study of slot jet impingement cooling on concave surface effects of
nozzle configuration and curvature. Int J Heat Mass Transf 1999;42:2199–209.

Macian V, Payri R, Margot X et al. A CFD analysis of the influence of nozzle geometry on the inception of
cavitation. At Sprays 2003;13: 579–604