Topic : Similarity and Congruency

1 (a) Show that the interior angle of a regular pentagon is 108°. [2]

(b) Z

A C

Y X

B D

The diagram shows two congruent, regular pentagons, ZABTX and ZCDTY.

(i) Describe fully all the symmetries of this diagram. [2]

y
(ii) What is the special name given to the quadrilateral ZXTY ? [1]

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(iii) Calculate reflex angle ZYT. [1]
(iv) Calculate angle AZY. [1]

(c) P
Bi
n
R1
di
ud

40°
Q R
S O
ah

Q1
al

P1
S

In the diagram, PQR is a triangle with PQ̂R = 90° and QR̂P = 40°.
The point O is the midpoint of QR.
Triangle P1Q1R1 is the image of triangle PQR under an anticlockwise rotation about the point O.
The point R1 lies on PR.
The line QR intersects the line P1R1 at the point S.
Find

(i) RR̂ 1Q1 , [1]

(ii) the angle of rotation , [1]
(iii) OŜP1 . [1]

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2
A P B

D R C

In the diagram, ABCD is a square.

Points P, Q, R and S lie on AB, BC, CD and DA so that AP = BQ = CR = DS.

y
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(a) Giving all your reasons, show that

(i) PB = QC, [2]

(ii) triangle BPQ is congruent to triangle CQR,
Bi [3]
(iii) PQR is a right angle. [2]
n
di

(b) Write down two reasons to show that PQRS is a square. [2]
ud
ah
al
S

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 3 The trapezium PQRS has one line of symmetry. P Q
SP̂Q = 120°. 120°
(a) Explain why PŜR = 60°. S R

Answer (a) ................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Three trapezia, each congruent to PQRS, are placed together as shown.

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A B
G

D Bi C F

Show that KDF is an equilateral triangle.

n
di

Answer (b) .....................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
ud

(c) Given also that BC = 1 m, AB = 4 m and DC = 5 m, find

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(i) the length of GB,

(ii) the ratio Area ∆ KDF : Area ∆ HGB,
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(iii) the shaded area as a fraction of the area of ∆ KDF.

S

Answer (c)(i) ...........................................m [1]

(ii) ...................... : ..................... [2]

(iii) .............................................. [1]

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 y
jo
Bi
n
di
ud
ah

4 (c) In the diagram, triangle S

PQRis similar to triangle PSQ.
PQ̂R = PŜQ.
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PQ = 18 cm, QR = 14 cm and QS = 21 cm.

S

R 21
14

P 18 Q
Calculate the length of

(i) PR, [1]

(ii) RS. [2]

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 y
jo
Bi
n
di

D
5 In the diagram, AB is parallel to DC and AĈB = CD̂A.
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(a) Explain why triangles ABC and CAD

are similar.
ah

A
(b) Given that AB = 4 cm, BC = 7 cm,
AC = 6 cm and CD = 9 cm,
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calculate AD.
S

B C

Answer (a) ............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) AD = .............................cm [2]

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 6

3
X
5

A solid cone, C, is cut into two parts, X and Y, by a plane parallel to the base.
The lengths of the sloping edges of the two parts are 3 cm and 2 cm.

y
Find the ratio of

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(a) the diameters of the bases of X and C,

(b) the areas of the bases of X and C,

(c) the volumes of X and Y.

Bi
n
di
ud
ah
al
S

Answer (a) .................... : .......................[1]

(b) .................... : .......................[1]

(c) .................... : .......................[2]

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7
X

A B

D C

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The diagram shows a rectangle ABCD.

Triangles ABX and BCY are equilateral.

̂
(a) Find XBY.
Bi [1]
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(b) Show that triangles AXD and BXY are congruent. [3]
di

̂ = 60°.
(c) Show that DXY [2]
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(d) Show that triangle DXY is equilateral. [2]

ah
al
S

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 y
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Bi
n
di
ud

8) (b) In the diagram, triangle AQR is similar to triangle ABC.

A
ah

AQ = 8 cm, QB = 6 cm and AR = 10 cm.

8 10
al

Q R
S

6
B C

(i) Calculate the length of RC. [2]

(ii) Given that the area of triangle AQR is 32 cm2 , calculate the area of triangle ABC. [2]
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 y
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Bi
n
di

A
9 In the diagram, BCDE is a trapezium, and the sides
CD and BE are produced to meet at A.
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CB = 12 cm, DE = 9 cm and the perpendicular

distance from D to CB is 4 cm.
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Calculate

(a) the area of BCDE,

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(b) the perpendicular distance from A to CB.

9
S

D E

4
C B
12

Answer (a) ............................................ cm2 [1]

(b) ..............................................cm [2]

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 y
10 (b) In a surveying exercise to find the distance between two points, Y and Z, on opposite banks of a

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river, angles and lengths were measured.

Y
W
25 40
X
Bi
160
river
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V
di

Z
ud

WXZ and VXY are straight lines.

WV̂X = ZŶX = 90°.
ah

(i) Show that triangles VWX and YZX are similar. [2]

(ii) VW = 25 m, VX = 40 m and XY = 160 m.

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Calculate the distance YZ. [2]

S

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