M.Waqas.

Akram Quality Assignment

National Textile University Faisalabad

B.Sc. Textile Engineering

Garment Manufacturing

Assignment # 1
Code: MGT-4089
Course Title: Quality Management System
Assignment Title Chosen any Organization/Company quote its mission vision and
values

Name M. Waqas. Akram

Registration No. 18-NTU-0146

Semester 8th

Submitted to Sir Saeed Akhtar

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M.Waqas.Akram Quality Assignment

Quality control and quality Assurance:

ISO 9000 Definitions 1:

Quality Control:

“A part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements”.

Quality Assurance:

“A part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be
fulfilled.”

Difference between Quality Assurance and Quality Control given below:

Quality Control Quality Assurance

Product Process

Reactive Pro-active

Line Function Staff Function

Find the defects Prevent the defects

Walk through Quality Audit

Testing Defining Process

Selection of tools
Inspection
Review Trainings
Checkpoint

Other Definitions:

Quality Assurance:

Quality Assurance is fundamentally focused on planning and documenting those processes to

assure quality including things such as quality plans and inspection and test plans.

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M.Waqas.Akram Quality Assignment

Quality Control:

Quality Control on the other hand is the physical verification that the product conforms to these
planned arrangements by inspection, measurement etc.

Quality Assurance:
Quality Assurance is fundamentally focused on planning and documenting those processes to
assure quality including things such as quality plans and inspection and test plans

Quality Control:
Quality Control on the other hand is the physical verification that the product conforms to these
planned arrangements by inspection, measurement etc.

Quality Assurance:

Quality Assurance is a system for evaluating performance, service, of the quality of a product
against a system, standard or specified requirement for customers.

Quality Control:
Quality Control is the process involved within the system to ensure job management,
competence and performance during the manufacturing of the product or service to ensure it
meets the quality plan as designed.

Juan’s Trilogy is an improvement cycle that is meant to reduce the cost of

poor quality by planning quality into the product / process. Explain 10 steps
towards Quality Improvement that reduces errors?
Juran, like Deming, was invited to Japan in 1954 by the Union of Japanese Scientists and
Engineers (JUSE). His work pioneered the management dimensions of planning, organizing, and
controlling and focussed on the responsibility of management to achieve quality and the need for
setting goals. Juran defines quality as fitness for use in terms of design, conformance,
availability, safety, and field use. His approach is based customer, top-down management and
technical methods.
The Juran Trilogy is an improvement cycle that is meant to reduce the cost of poor quality by
planning quality into the product / process.

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M.Waqas.Akram Quality Assignment

Quality Planning:
In the planning stage, it is critical to define who the customers are and to define their needs
(voice of the customer). Once the customer needs are identified, define the requirements for the
product
/ process / service / system, etc., and develop them for operations along with the respective
stakeholder expectations. Planning activities are done through a multidisciplinary team, with the
involvement of key stakeholders.

Quality Control:
During the control phase, determine what needs to be measured (what forms of data and from
which processes?) and set a goal for performance. Obtain feedback by measuring actual
performance, and act on the gap between performance and the goal. In Statistical Process Control
(SPC), there are several tools that could be used in the control phase of the Juran Trilogy: such as
the 7 QC tools and other statistical process control methods.

Quality Improvement:
There are four different strategies to improvement that could be applied for improvements:
1. Repair: reactive approach - fix what is broken
2. Refinement: proactive approach - continually improve a process that isn’t broken
3. Renovation: improvement through innovation or technological advancement
4. Reinvention: most demanding approach – abandon the current practices and start over with a
clean slate.
Quality improvement can be an arduous journey for organizations, as they are up against various
constraints that include customer / stakeholder expectations and interests, some of which could
be inherently conflicting.
Juran advocated a ten-step process for quality improvement programmes.

1. Build awareness of need and opportunity for improvement:

 Survey the employees / personnel, find why errors / mistakes / deviations are made
 After a week, select the top ten reasons
 Decide how to make sure those mistake-causing steps aren't repeated
 Keep track of the number of mistakes being made, make sure they are decreasing

2. Set goals for improvement

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M.Waqas.Akram Quality Assignment

 Establish specific goals to be reached

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M.Waqas.Akram Quality Assignment

 Establish plans for reaching the goals

 Assign clear responsibility for meeting the goals
 Base the rewards on results achieved

3. Organize to reach the goals

 Establish quality councils
 Identify problems
 Select projects
 Appoint teams
 Designate facilitators

4. Provide training
 Investment in education and training will fetch rewards

5. Carry out projects to solve problems

 Large, break-through improvements through interdepartmental or even cross-functional
teams
 Tackle the chronic problems for break-through improvements
 Vital few problems create the breakthroughs

6. Report progress
 Progress expected and the actual progress achieved
 Act to improve the operational status to reduce variance
 Information on progress provides confidence on quality improvement projects

7. Give recognition
 Morale booster

8. Communicate results
 Lesson learnt
 Awareness of the approach taken, possibility to learn and improve further
 Improvement outlook for people in other areas, to emulate success

9. Keep score
 Track progress
 Report achievements, short-falls

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M.Waqas.Akram Quality Assignment

10.Maintain momentum by making annual improvement part of the

regular processes
 People oriented
 Team-work
Juran’s steps for improvements in quality have been widely accepted, practiced and evolved over
time to suit different organizations and segments.

Summary about comparative study about “a comparative study of Dr. Deming’s and Dr.
Juan’s total work”.
In analyzing the total work of Deming and Juran about quality, quality management & quality
improvement tools, it could be seen that the tow guru are stressing on changing role of top
management & commitment to quality activities and functions inside & outside workplace, these
will be in different way such as :

At Deming, dynamic changes that took place in today’s market place need from western
leaders overlap the preceding paradigm of quality management, therefore, managers require
today a new perspective from which they can understand the new paradigms of Total Quality
Management (TQM). That perspective is called the “14 Points for Management”.

At Juran, western leaders must transform the quality principles from narrow technical view to
wide vision (transferring from q to Q), from controlling quality (as its one of the manager’s
function) to managing for quality (panning, organizing, leading, motivating & controlling
quality).

This new perspective has one overriding element-change-resulting in a considerable impact, not
only on the organization, but also on the individual members, irrespective of their position in the
organization. Changes require leadership, and much of the change is at the top of the
organization.

The new style of management allows leadership to change and develop a new basis for
understanding the interrelationships between themselves and their environment (people, system ,
organizations), which means the totality of TQM , which needs overlap resistance to change or,
cultural resistance, emphasizing in changing employee’s belief and attitudes and enhancing their
competencies in carrying their duties .

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M.Waqas.Akram Quality Assignment

The tools and techniques of a new approach indicate the importance of changes not just inside
the company, but in society, customers, shareholders and regulators, because the changes of
systems (at Deming) comes from outside the system, no matter how hard employees work or
how few defects they produce, (at Juran) may be from clashes between management and
employees or situations in which changes he had recommended were rejected by clients for no
logical reason.

The two guru teaches the Japan's industry how to develop Total Quality Control (TQC) in the
1950s and re-imported it to the United States in the 1980s. While the term TQC had been used in
Japan, it was translated as TQM in western countries. To follow an internationally-accepted
practice, Japan changed the name from TQC to TQM.

The tools and techniques of a new approach the changing needs of society, customers,
shareholders and regulators are some of the reasons that organization must continually improve
and breakthrough to new levels.

However, each of two guru holds a different concentrated point of view about the causes of
quality's problems. So Deming believes in common & special causes of variation, at Juran it’s
the 80% of problems which come from 20% of causes, and the managers should concentrate on
“Vital Few” (20%).

Finally we indicate that the core cause of these different approaches towards quality are the
historical & career background of the tow (mathematics, electrical engineering), nevertheless,
they seem to build on a solid base of common held expectations & assumptions.

Thus the two philosophy are introduced and would develop new managerial approaches which
had been a reference ideas to all researchers, in the same time they are very useful ways to
manage the behaviors and the final results.

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 M.Waqas.Akram Quality Assignment

RUBRIC FOR ASSESSING ASSIGNMENTS

Course & course code:
Title:

Name: Muhammad Waqas Akram Registration No: 18-NTU-0146 Total Marks: Obtained:
Attributes Max. Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Obtained
Marks
Beginning or Developing Accomplished Exemplary Marks
incomplete

Knowledge Do not have a Have basic knowledge Understands major points of Shows a precise
and basic knowledge. but have no idea how knowledge with possible understanding of
application to apply it. misunderstanding or failure to knowledge and
8
recall minor points. Major concepts. Applies
mistakes in the application of the concepts
concepts. correctly.

Problem The The problem is The problem is interpreted The student has a
identification interpretation is understood to some largely correctly with possible clear
8
completely extent. minor mistakes understanding of
wrong. the problem.

Solution The solution is Part of the solution is The right solution is proposed but The excellent
8 completely correct to some extent the basis for the solution is solution is
incorrectly understood incorrectly proposed

Use of No or rare use of Figures, graphs, and Most figures, graphs, tables OK, All figures, graphs,
figures, figures, graphs, tables contain errors or some still missing some tables are correctly
graphs & and tabs. are poorly constructed, important or required features drawn, are
4 have missing titles, numbered and
tables
captions or numbers, contain
units missing or titles/captions.
incorrect, etc.

Appearance No symmetry, no Sections out of order, Sections in order, formatting is All sections in
and uniformity, no sloppy formatting rough but readable order, well-
4
formatting clear division of formatted, very
sections readable

Spelling, Too many errors, Frequent grammar Occasional grammar/spelling All

grammar, most of the text and/or spelling errors, errors, generally readable with grammar/spelling
4 is not the writing style is some rough spots in writing style correct and very
sentence
understandable. rough and immature well-written
structure

References A list of Insufficient references Sufficient references are listed. All the relevant
references is or not cited, or too Some of the references are references are
missing. many mistakes. correctly cited, less than 5 listed. All the
4
mistakes references are
correctly cited, no
mistakes