National Textile University

BSc. Textile Engineering

Garment Manufacturing

LAB REPORT

Course Title: Electrical and Electronics Systems

EE 3111 Lab

Semester: 6th

Section: GMD-5

Practical No: 1

TITLE: Identification, specifications and testing of resistor, capacitor,

diode, and bread-board

Muhammad Waqas Akram

Registration Number: 18-NTU-0146

Date Report was submitted: 05/03/2021

Abstract:
The main purpose of doing this experiment is to learn resistor code on resistor and could develop
our knowledge to determine the stated value of a resistor by interpreting the color code indicated
on the resistor. So we took different type of resistor of different color band and then we find
theoretical resistance of given resistors. And then we find resistance with more precise method
by measuring resistance with multimeter which helps in measurement of actual resistance of
resistor by placing resistor in breadboard and then we measurement voltage and capacitance of
capacitance by DMM.
Objective:

1. To learn Resistor Color Code.

2. Determine the stated value of a resistor by interpreting the color code indicated on the resistor.

Theory:
Resistor values are often indicated with color codes. Practically all leaded resistors with a power rating
up to one watt are marked with color bands. The coding is defined in the international standard IEC
60062. This standard describes the marking codes for resistors and capacitors. It includes also
numerical codes, as for example often used for SMD resistors. The color code is given by several
bands. Together they specify the resistance value, the tolerance and sometimes the reliability or failure
rate. The number of bands varies from three till six. As a minimum, two bands indicate the resistance
value and one band serves as multiplier. There are two ways to find the resistance value of a resistor.
The color bands on the body of the resistor tell how much resistance it has. As shown in the following
diagrams figure (1), there are 5-band resistors and 4-band resistors. Form both 5- and 4-band resistors,
the last band indicates tolerance in table (1). Consult with the “Resistor Tolerance” in table (2) chart
for finding the tolerance
Measured with ohmmeter:

Resistors have no color for precision, which mark them as +/- 20%. Other resistors use five color bands
to denote their value and precision, in which case the colors for a 10 kΩ resistor will be Brown, Black,
Black, Red, and a fifth color for precision.
Connect the meter’s test probes across the resistor as such, and note its indication on the resistance
scale.

Multimeter’s Diode Test:

Multimeter’s Diode Test mode produces a small voltage between test leads. The multimeter then
displays the voltage drop when the test leads are connected across a diode when forward-biased. The
Diode Test procedure is took in a way that no voltage exists at the diode. Voltage may be present in
the circuit due to charged capacitors. If so, the capacitors need to be discharged. Set the multimeter to
measure ac or dc voltage as required. Turn the dial (rotary switch) to Diode Test mode. It may share a
space on the dial with another function. Connect the test leads to the diode. Record the measurement
displayed. Reverse the test leads. Record the measurement displayed

Apparatus
1. Set of wires.
2. Carbon Resistors.
 3. Digital A.V.O. meter.

Apparatus
1. Set of wires.
2. Carbon Resistors.
3. Digital A.V.O. meter.

Procedure

1. Place ten given resistors on your breadboard. Make sure that there is only one resistor per
row and that each leg of the resistor is in a separate row. See figure below for proper resistor
placement.
2. Write down the resistor band colors for each of the resistors in the table.
3. Using the color codes determine the components theoretical resistance
4. Turn on the multimeter, set the machine to measure resistance, and hook the leads up to the
Machine.
5. Use your multimeter to measure the actual values of the resistors. Record these values in the
table.
 6. After steps one through five have been completed return the resistors to storage.

Calculation and Observations:

First method read resistor:

View the resistors and based on the color bands determine its value. Below is an example:

The first band is a one (1), the second band is a zero (0), and the multiplier band or third band is
one time text to the third power ( ) or one thousand (1000). Multiply 10 times 1000.

Table (2) Resistor Tolerance

Discussion:
We measured resistance through learning resistance bands on resistor. The color code is given by
several bands. Together they specify the resistance value, the tolerance and sometimes the reliability
or failure rate. So develop our knowledge to determine the stated value of a resistor by interpreting
the color code indicated on the resistor. There would be 4 color band or 5 color band resistor and
varies till 6

Conclusion:
At the end different values of resistance of resistor could be interpreted through color coding of resistor
so resistance of any resistor could be acknowledged and we can find theoretical but the best and precise
method of determining resistance of resistor is that we measured it with multimeter.