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Why design stopped

being special
… and how this feeds free pitching
Executive
summary
M

ore than any other sector, of free pitching and the first seeped into private sector design
design helps businesses commoditization of design.You will because of its proximity to advertising, It is because all design
unlock their potential. Designers can hear from designers who have achieved where pitching is how ad agencies have is vanilla that there
communicate the essence of a company sustained success without free pitching, always landed lucrative new accounts.
is the compulsion to
to its market, allowing the one to and learn how they used niche market But whereas advertising as a sector
interface with the other. Design is about expertise to achieve this success. enjoys large profit margins, and so can
taste before buying.
positioning clients in the right place -- The paper explores simple ways absorb the costs of free pitching, this is
the place where customers are. designers can build similarly profitable not a luxury enjoyed by design; as a
In a recession, such skills ought careers without free pitching -- by sector, design faces comparable pitching
to be highly sought after, so why, then, building niche expertise and then costs to advertising but nothing like the While advertising and public sector
has design become a devalued coin? ‘narrowcasting’ this expertise to rewards. procurement may have created the
Why are its practitioners giving client prospects who need it. Free pitching in private sector conditions that gave rise to free pitching
expertise away for free on It concludes by discussing the design also has origins in public in private sector design, they can
an unprecedented scale? results of a study into how design as sector procurement processes, where not explain why free pitching is fast
We know that design is an invaluable a profession lags far behind the wider competitive tenders often involve becoming the de facto way new
service able to solve unique business business world in its use of SEO for ‘requests for proposals’ that are, in business is won.
communication challenges, so why is online marketing positioning. essence, requests for free design So what can explain it?
the wider world coming to see design solutions. “An over-supply of identikit design
as a one-size-fits-all commodity? providers,” says Sean Ashcroft, managing
This paper addresses these issues, The origins of director of Zyzzyva, a venture that helps
and is aimed at small- to medium-sized
free pitching root cause of design agencies and freelance designers
communication design agencies
free pitching use online market positioning rather
operating in the private sector, as well
as freelance graphic and web designers.
It will explain why poor market
T his paper defines free pitching
as being the supply of design
services without payment, and as such F ree pitching has reached pandemic
proportions, afflicting design
than free pitching as a way to win new
clients. “Yes, today’s clients are in a
position of market strength, which
positioning on the part of designers, it has been a way of life for designers sectors in Europe, North America, doesn’t help, but by far the biggest
particularly online, is a key driver both for more than 40 years. The practise South Africa and Australasia. driver of free pitching is the fact 90%

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Avoid toxic by-products of free pitching
of design is completely undifferentiated.
Because everything is vanilla, there’s a
compulsion to taste before buying.”
But why do designers, en masse,
COME BOOM OR bust, This puts the average Dilution of design seek to blend in rather than stand
design bodies worldwide annual cost of free pitching Free pitches are usually a out if this hurts their businesses?
continue to warn creatives to UK design firms at storyboard beauty parade. “Designers view their skills as
of free pitching’s damaging £38,000 (US$61,000). Such Pretty pictures do not transferable to any sector and do not
effects. Some, such as costs are recoverable only if constitute meaningful wish to miss out on attracting any client,
the UK’s Design Business passed on to clients, which design, and nor can which is why it so often becomes a
Association, make non-free fuels design’s reputation for they form the basis of vanilla offering,” explains Maxine Horn,
pitching a condition of being over-priced. fruitful designer-agency who founded and ran the UK design-
membership. relationships. Design’s business organization, British Design
The following are the main Debasing of design reputation ends up being Innovation, from 1993 to 2011. “With
toxic by-products of free Giving one’s most valuable further damaged by designers, the focus is always on winning
pitching that are frequently asset away for free -- client dissatisfaction new business -- any business -- rather
cited by design bodies: expertise -- cheapens with ineffective design. than differentiating and using targeted
it in the eyes of clients. marketing as the basis of increasing
Cost to design “As an industry we Clients suffer new business opportunities.”
Both in terms of lost need to appreciate that by The time-and-resources Horn is now CEO of Creative
resources and man hours, participating in free pitches demands of free pitching Barcode (creativebarcode.com), an
free pitching is expensive. we seriously undervalue all compromises the service organization that allows designers to
The British Design Institute of our businesses,” says that is received by existing disclose creative ideas in confidence.
(BDI), a UK trade body for Nicholas Cloake, chairman clients. This is hugely She adds: “For a creative sector, design
designers and innovators, of Design Business Ireland, damaging to design applies precious little creativity to new
conducted in 2005 what design’s representative businesses because keeping business or marketing campaigns that
remains the most body in Ireland. clients happy and delivering will earn them stand-out.”
exhaustive study into the “This threatens the great results is the best way And never has there been greater
practice of free pitching, sustainability of design to both earn referrals and need for designers to stand out than in
Pitch Versus Productivity. as a professional career.” to win repeat business. today’s over-crowded design markets.
Research from the UK’s Design Council

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Find a niche — it’s the free pitch antedote
-- one of the world’s foremost design
bodies -- shows there has been a huge
increase in the number of designers
over the past five years. In 2010, the
Design Council undertook its second ZACHARY Design (zachary. being able to talk the same
comprehensive survey of the UK co.uk) is a leading player in the language that retailers use.
design industry, the first having retail design and architecture “The architectural element
been conducted in 2005. niche. The firm does not have of the work we do is completely
The 2010 survey showed there is a to free pitch, because it has governed by my understanding
total of 232,000 designers, an increase deep expertise in a niche of what makes retail work,
of 67,280 (12%) on the 2005 figure. market, and is discoverable not what makes buildings stand
Freelance designers account for nearly online for this expertise. up, so the construction side
all of this; there were 65,000 more Zachary Design founder is totally subservient to the
freelancers in 2010 than in 2005. Stefan Zachary (pictured) marketing side.
This explosion in freelance numbers explains how his agency’s “It’s all about strategic
is explained by the impact of deep shrewd market positioning design consulting -- our small
recession. Since 2007, thousands of continues to attract client resources are never wasted on
agency designers have been made prospects who then go on free pitching, and we manage
redundant, and while a number have to become paying clients. a healthy profit year on year.”
gone on to start their own agencies, “I’m not an architect, I come Importantly, Zachary Design’s
most have become freelance designers. from a retail design background, online presence trades on this markets, like the Middle East,
Many agencies are also placing remaining but Zachary Design is unique in niche expertise to great effect; Far East, Ireland, and India.
staff on reduced hours, giving thousands type in ‘retail architecture’ “We’ve recently designed
more creatives sufficient time to (without the quote marks), a new town centre for Lavasa,
freelance outside of office hours. and Zachary Design ranks 4th in India, including a retail
A further factor is the marked in the Google search results. centre, underground parking,
increase in design graduates. The tight “The website is attracting a new school, and 2,000
job market is driving record numbers more and more enquiries from residential units. We got
of young people into further education, overseas,” says Zachary. “We’ve the work because they
and design is just one of many sectors started to find ourselves in new approached us via the website.”
experiencing a significant increase in

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graduate applicants. Sadly, most of these easy, even in buoyant times, as the explains how they fell into a profitable
graduates struggle to find internships Design Council’s 2005 survey of niche, and then built a business on it: I refuse to shovel
with design agencies, let alone the UK design industry revealed. “Way back, we did some work for a my expertise down a
employment, and those not lost to This survey shows that, on average, property developer, and later he came black hole, which is
the sector invariably turn freelance. consultancies with more than five back to us asking us to help him with what free pitching is
This rise in designer numbers is a employees win two-thirds of their his other businesses. After looking into
similar story across Europe and North pitches, while those with fewer than it we found that entrepreneurs often
America, and it means that smaller five win just a third, mainly because have property-based businesses as
agencies in particular are finding it larger agencies can throw more their main focus, so we continued “Free pitching doesn’t add up when
harder than ever to win pitches in resources at pitches. to approach a lot of bijou property you measure the cost of it against the
such an over-crowded marketplace. “I simply refuse to shovel my developers, do work for many of them returns to be had from networking,
Not that winning pitches was ever expertise down a black hole, which and off the back of this we got asked attending client events, public speaking,
is what free pitching is,” says Stefan to help their other businesses, which getting fees, building a reputation and
Zachary, managing partner of Zachary are unrelated to property.” getting job satisfaction,” she says.
Design (zachary.co.uk) and founding Being a non-pitching agency also Thornley stresses that market
chairman of the UK Design Business means aubergine is able to offer positioning has made “a big difference”
Association. Zachary Design does not value, because it has no free-pitching to her non-reliance on free pitching;
have to free pitch, because its market overheads to recoup, plus with no she differentiates herself both by
positioning is finely honed: not only is it free pitching distractions, it is able discipline (print) and sector (charities,
a key player in the niche market of retail to concentrate solely on delivering NGOs, social enterprises, public sector
architecture, but even within this niche a high-quality service to its clients. clients and small businesses).
its offering is highly differentiated from “The most important thing in design “By differentiating it means the
the competition. (To learn more of how is doing a good-valued job and doing it clients we meet are decision makers,
Zachary Design thrives without free well, because without this nobody will and very much engaged with their
pitching, see the case study on page 6.) come back to you with more work,” projects,” says Thornley. “Plus, the
“Over the past eight years our client retention has Market positioning has also says Tomkins. kinds of projects we’re good at means
been over 70%,” says Mark Tomkins, co-founder reaped rich rewards for non-pitching Lydia Thornley (thornley.co.uk), clients come here with dilemmas about
of UK non-free-pitching agency aubergine. “Client graphics and web agency aubergine meanwhile, is a sought-after 49-year-old how to present their companies or
retention relies on doing a good job and giving (aubergine262.com), which is based design consultant, who has worked for organizations, and the best place to
value for money, both of which are harmed by the in Leighton Buzzard, England. major London design agencies, including start with that is a conversation, not
demand on resources that come with free pitching.” Creative director Mark Tomkins Pentagram. She has never free-pitched. a beauty contest.”

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Design sector
SEO research Freelancers — get found, or stay lost
S EO (Search Engine Optimization)
is pivotal in positioning a company
properly online, for it is SEO that
LIFE HAS RARELY, if ever,
been more difficult for freelance
designers.
effectively going unrewarded.
“It’s free pitching in drag,”
says Sean Ashcroft, managing
He adds: “On the back
such experience, a designer
can market their specialist
attracts the highly targeted traffic A barometer of this is the director of Zyzzyva, “only far expertise to similar ventures,
that is needed to turn clicks into clients. widespread emergence of more insidious, because instead both in their locale and further
For this reason, Zyzzyva undertook so-called ‘crowdsourcing’ of going up against 6 agencies afield, online.”
a study into how design as a profession design sites, such as, 99designs you can be competing with The problem is, freelance
is using SEO. (99designs.com), Design hundreds of freelance designers. designers are particularly
“Keyword research is like taking an Crowd (designcrowd.com) It’s hard to imagine a less cost vulnerable to the siren call
X-ray of the marketing strategies at play and Crowd Spring effective way of winning new of free pitching because many
in a given sector,” says Ashcroft. “Our (crowdspring.com). These and clients. Why spend time spent are recently graduated design
research shows the global design countless other sites like them churning out unpaid artwork on students with little or no
industry to be a poorly patient.” invite designers to submit crowdsourcing sites when you commercial design experience,
Zyzzyva found that, unlike other creative work in response could be undertaking pro bono and most are desperate for
sectors -- where companies optimize on to customer briefs. The design projects for a local work -- any work
search terms that potential customers favoured design wins the restaurant, car dealership, Oliver Kratzer, president of
are using -- design is prone to optimize work, with everything else florist or tradesperson?” the Design Institute of Australia
on what they think people are searching has this sound advice for young
for. “It’s really bad business,” explains designers who are tempted
Ashcroft, “It’s a bit like guessing which to free pitch: “Spending the
airport a client is arriving at, turning up, same time and resources on an
then finding they’re some place else.” existing client relationship, or
searching for clients prepared to
This screengrab from crowdsourcing site 99designs shows the fate that awaits freelance designers engage you on the strength of
1. Generic sells with no niche expertise. On the left, is an outline of the customer’s brief. At the time, 337 designers your folio, is likely to yield
Zyzzyva’s SEO research into the global had submitted a logo in the hope of ‘winning’ $495 -- a one in 337 chance of new business. more-certain returns.”
design sector revealed that significant

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25% of pitches awarded to no one
design’ and ‘passion for design’ are artwork service providers often
patently not what client prospects targeting ultra-narrow niches.
are searching for. As an example, Zyzzyva explored
THE BEST INSIGHT into membership spends “Clients have specific needs, not global SEO activity on the term
the client view of free £10 billion on marketing generic ones. Retail sector clients ‘restaurant menu design’, and
pitching is provided by communications every year. looking for the services of a retail discovered the following:
research undertaken by The stand-out statistic design professional don’t search for
UK design body, British from this report is that ‘world class design’, they search for --11,500 US design providers are
Design Innovation (BDI). more than a quarter (25.5%) ‘retail architects and designers’, and optimizing for the term, competing for
Its report, Appointing of projects being pitched for when they do, Zachary Design is the an average of 3,600 monthly local
Design Agencies: The Client end up being awarded to third site listed in Google results.” searches for the term.
View, canvassed the views of nobody. Reasons given by For clarity, Zyzzyva’s study splits
23 of the UK’s largest design clients include: change of design into three categories -- --A total of 4,280 Canada-based design
buyers, all of which belong marketing strategy; change artworking, web design and graphic providers are optimizing for the term,
to the Incorporated Society of mind; reduced budgets; design. SEO analysis was undertaken with local searches for the term
of British Advertisers (ISBA) and lack of chemistry for each of these categories. standing at 480 per month.
-- whose combined with agencies. The study found the use of SEO
and market positioning falls away the -- In the UK, 575 artwork providers
numbers of designers are optimizing on 91 searches a month are made for further one goes up the design chain; are optimizing for the term, with UK
superlatives for which people simply this phrase. while artworking is well segmented monthly searches for it being 590.
aren’t searching. It found that: by narrow areas of expertise,
-- Approximately 2,500 graphic design web design is less so. Graphic design -- There are 52 design providers in
-- Around 18,000 design service providers are optimizing on ‘world practitioners, meanwhile, are ignoring Australia optimizing for the term.
providers are optimizing on the class graphic design’, even though the importance of both SEO and market Local monthly searches for it stand
phrase ‘passion for design’, even globally just 22 searches a month positioning “in their tens of thousands”, at 390.
though globally, 3,600 low-grade are made using this phrase. says Ashcroft.
searches a month are made for it. “Artwork as a segment of the design
“Agencies and freelance designers sector is alive to the importance of
-- Roughly 8,500 web design providers need to stop marketing themselves in 2. Artworking targeting narrow markets to generate
are optimizing on ‘world class website such an unfocused way,” says Ashcroft. The entry-level end of the design business,” says Ashcroft. “There is even
design’, even though globally, just “Generic sells such as ‘world-class market is well differentiated, with competition for niche-within-niche

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search terms, such as ‘Chinese
restaurant menu design’, for
which 871 web pages worldwide
are seriously optimized.”

3. Web design
Woo decision makers with niche prowess Web design as a sub-sector of design
encompasses backend web development
as well as SEO services, factors that may
DIFFERENTIATION IN DESIGN working with large design puddles that the competition explain its reasonably developed use of
is just as critical for creatives in agencies and fashion houses. marches right into.” market positioning and SEO.
North America, Australia, New Two years ago Benard took the This deep specialist know-how For web design, Zyzzyva studied
Zealand and South Africa as it is decision to use this specialist also means Benard has the global competition for the following
for those in the UK. expertise to build a print-design luxury of choosing to free pitch niche market search terms:
New York City-based Benard consulting business, and it occasionally, in the knowledge
Design (benarddesign.com) is a niche that has delivered he’s likely to win. -- ‘website design for charities’
is run by 43-year-old James sustained success. “We win because we offer Web pages optimized for term: 759.
Benard (pictured), who for “Our understanding of production as part of the design Global monthly searches: 720.
years ran a high-end print shop, the printed piece is a huge process,” he says, but adds that
advantage because we design he feels the widespread practice -- ‘web design for schools’
for the medium rather than of free pitching is “pretty lame”. Web pages optimized for term: 551
consider it after the fact,” “If you are friendly and Global monthly searches 5,450
says Benard. professional with the decision
He adds: “A lot of design makers and you do great work -- ‘web design for estate agents’
agencies get killed by the there’s no need to pitch,” Web pages optimized for term: 617
disconnect between design explains Benard. “The trick is Global monthly searches: 390
and production, but because getting close to the decision
we were producers first, we makers, and it’s our specialist But Zyzzyva also found that the
walk around so many of the expertise that helps us here.” volume of unfocused marketing among
website designers is also high. There are,

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Aim to create discoverable case studies
for example, 7,200 pages online
optimized for the search term ‘world
class website design’, even though there
are just 91 searches per month globally
on this keyword. WHILE THE USE of SEO but this effort is being largely -- If your agency has six areas
“Why target such a woolly, (Search Engine Optimization) wasted,” says Ashcroft. of expertise, it’s better to
unpopular search term when there are to become discoverable for The following are common have six branded, unique
lots of niche terms out there that can areas of expertise is key, just case study failings: websites optimized and
deliver targeted traffic?”, says Ashcroft. as important is the site content -- Failure to use SEO to steer targeted for those narrow
He cites ‘web designs for schools’ that the SEO is directing targeted traffic straight to a markets than one site
as an example: “Competition for this targeted traffic toward. page containing case studies aimed at everyone. Also,
phrase is low, with just 551 design The British Design relevant to those searches. these site addresses should
providers optimizing for it, even though Innovation’s Appointing Design -- Failure to make case studies describe a skill rather than
there are 5,450 monthly searches on Agencies study shows that just discoverable online; too contain the agency’s name.
the term. Consequently, many of these under half (48%) of the clients many are built using Flash. -- Business blogs that are built
551 perform well in local search results questioned use search engines Search engines cannot read on case studies. Dynamic,
for the phrase, and this puts them in to identify suitable design Flash content. relevant content is highly
a good position to convert targeted agencies. When asked for the -- Failure to focus on bottom valued by search engines.
traffic into clients.” most important factor in line improvements that -- Use of social media
Ashcroft concludes that “there assessing a design provider’s have been achieved for (Twitter, LinkedIn) to
remains plenty of scope for tighter credentials, 100% of design existing clients. drive targeted traffic
market positioning in web design”. buyers replied they wanted to Ashcroft says: “Discoverable to case study content.
see sector-related case studies. and honed niche market case -- Using case study material
While most designers do use studies build trust with client as the basis of a white
4. Graphic design case studies to demonstrate prospects before they’ve even paper that discusses the
“This is where the wheels start to come expertise, they frequently picked up the phone. Trust is to problems of a niche market.
off the marketing wagon,” says Ashcroft, fail to direct client prospects free pitching what kryptonite By showing you understand
“because the volume of non-specific toward it. was to Superman.” their problems, people will
marketing gets cranked right up.” “Most designers sink a lot of Here’s some ways case studies naturally want to know
Zyzzyva discovered, for example, effort into online case studies, can help hook new business: about your solutions.
that there are 251,000 web pages

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globally optimized for the term ‘graphic
design solutions’, chasing just 2,400
“But by targeting affordability
when so few are asking for it, design is SEO X-ray reveals ‘design disease’
searches a month for the phrase. devaluing itself before it even engages THE SCREENGRABS BELOW capture a small part of Zyzzyva’s SEO study into how designers in English speaking
Other generic sells include: with client prospects. This, coupled territories are neglecting online marketing positoning as a way to win new business. The images show the results

with design’s penchant for the generic of research into how the UK design sector is optimizing on the search term ‘corporate brochure design’. It can be

-- ‘passion for graphic design’ sell over the specialist sell, is what seen that just two UK design providers are chasing 880 potential leads per month in this specialist market.

2,090 pages chasing 73 searches. feeds the free pitching beast.”


Zyzzyva found many potentially
-- ‘world class graphic design’ profitable niche graphic design search

1
1,880 pages chasing fewer terms that are being virtually ignored.
than 10 searches One is ‘corporate brochure design’.
Zyzzyva discovered:
-- ‘outstanding graphic design’
2 3
1,490 pages chasing fewer -- In the UK, just 2 design providers
than 10 searches. are optimizing for the phrase, even
though there are 880 monthly UK
But, most damagingly, believes searches on it. (See SEO X-ray
Ashcroft, is the number of graphic reveals ‘design disease’, opposite.) 4 5
designers marketing themselves on
affordability. Zyzzyva found that over -- In the US, 32 design providers are
50,000 graphic design providers are chasing 480 searches for the term. 1. SEO research involves using advanced Google search run by Google that places adverts on search results

optimizing on ‘affordable graphic design’, operators to limit results only to pages that are pages that are relevant to the keywords that feature in

even though just 1,000 searches a -- In Canada, 6 design practitioners are optimizing on certain combinations of keywords, those adverts. In general, print suppliers are far more

month globally are made on this phrase. strategically targeting 73 searches. in this case, ‘corporate brochure design’. profitably positioned than design suppliers on this,

“Compare this to divorce lawyers,” 2. There are only two .co.uk websites optimizing on and many other, niche-market keyword phrases.

says Ashcroft. “Globally, there are -- In Australia, zero designers are corporate brochure design, and only one of these 4. Google Adwords Keywords tool is used for discovering

2,130 law firms optimizing on ‘affordable chasing 210 monthly searches on makes the top 100 results on a regular Google UK how popular any given search phrase is. Here, we

divorce lawyer’, chasing 5,400 monthly the term. search on, corporate brochure design. can see that there is low competition for the term,

searches. If your market is looking for 3. A small number of print providers are running Google corporate brochure design…

affordability then yes, build affordability -- In South Africa, 6 design outfits are Adword campaigns built on the search term, corporate 5. … even though in the UK, there are 880 searches

into your marketing strategy. targeting 28 monthly searches. brochure design. Adwords is pay per click advertising every month on, corporate brochure design.

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-- A total of just 46 graphic design subscribed. “No one is pretending
providers globally are positioning that being discoverable online for
themselves online to attract niche expertise can alone banish free
corporate brochure work, even pitching,” says Zyzzyva’s Ashcroft. “But in
though every month 2,900 client conjunction with compelling case study
prospects globally seek design content it at least puts designers in the
experts to meet their brochure right place at the outset – the place
needs. where quality client prospects exist.”
Being able to convert these clicks
Zyzzyva found many other examples into clients is the next stage, and this
of niche markets that are being similarly requires deep expertise in at least
unexploited by graphic designers across one niche market.
English speaking territories. “Many designers already have this
Ashcroft says: “When taken together expertise, but need to wise up on
with the poor overall differentiation communicating it,” says Ashcroft. Others
of graphic design, our SEO research
would seem to suggest there is a
-- particularly freelance designers --
need to acquire such expertise, by
Resources About Zyzzyva
dearth of niche expertise among graphic cutting back on free pitching and sinking Design Council Zyzzyva is a venture that helps design
designers, which of course is not the that time into niche pro bono projects, Design Industry Research 2005 practitioners combat free pitching
case -- there is plenty of such expertise, on the back of which they can position through online market positioning,
it’s just that designers fall down badly on themselves online far more profitably. Design Council social media marketing and expertise
communicating it to client prospects.” “A move away from the generic Design Industry Research 2010 marketing (white papers and speeches).
(See the boxout ‘Aim to create and toward specialization will always It was founded by journalist and writer
discoverable case studies’, on page16). be the best and most decisive way to British Design Innovation Sean Ashcroft, who has been writing
combat free pitching,” says Ashcroft. Pitch Versus Productivity: about the design business since 2005.
He concludes: “Unfortunately, The Agency View
Conclusion so many designers are going in the

B usiness lives by the diktat


‘Differentiate or die’, yet design,
particularly graphic, has never been
opposite direction that design is ceasing
to be special. It’s why buying design
has become like buying curtain rods;
British Design Innovation
Appointing Design Agencies:
The Client view
less differentiated, nor more over- everything seems to do the same job.”

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