Program: M .Tech.

Structural
Engineering
Class: M .Tech.

Course: Advanced Solid Mechanics

Course Code: PSE102

Unit: II

Lecture 01: Stress–Strain Relations

School of Engineering and Technology

 Outline

Stress–Strain Relations

GENERALISED STATEMENT OF HOOKE’S LAW

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Generalised statement of Hooke’s law

Axial stress is proportional to the axial strain up to a limit called the proportionality
limit. The constant of proportionality is the Young’s Modulus E, i.e.

Poisson’s ratio

The ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain was termed as Poisson’s

ratio

It is also well known that when the uniform rod elongates, its lateral dimensions,
i.e. its diameter, decreases.

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Stress -Strain Curve for Mild Steel

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Generalised statement of Hooke’s law

If extend this equation to relate the six rectangular components of stress to the six rectangular
components of strain. We get

….. ……..Eq. (A)

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Or conversely, six strain-stress equations of the type:

….. ……..Eq. (B)

Solving Eq. (A) as six simultaneous equations, one can get Eq. (B), and vice versa.
For homogeneous, linearly elastic material, the six Eqs (A) or (B) are known as
Generalised Hooke’s Law.

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Relations between the elastic constants

Generalised Hooke’s law, can be reduced to two independent elastic constants.
These two elastic constants are Lame’s coefficients

Young’s modulus = E, Poisson’s ratio =V, Shear modulus or modulus of rigidity = G

and Bulk modulus = K.
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The value of Poisson’s ratio V cannot exceed 1/2. This is the upper limit for V.

For V= 1/2,

3G = E and K =

A material having Poisson’s ratio equal to 1/2 is known as an

incompressible material, since the volumetric strain for such an isotropic
material is zero

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In terms of principal stresses and principal strains

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In terms of rectangular stress and strain components referred to an

orthogonal coordinate system Oxyz:

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Question: A cubical element is subjected to the following state of stress

Assuming the material to be homogeneous and isotropic, determine the principal

shear strains and the octahedral shear strain

Solution:

Since the shear stresses on x, y and z planes are zero, the given stresses are principal
stresses.

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The octahedral shear stress is

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Question:

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Question:

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Question: Determine the principal stresses and their axes for the states of stress
characterized by the following stress matrices (units are 1000 kPa).

Question: For the state of stress at a point characterized by the components (in 1000 kPa)

σx = 12, σy = 4, σz = 10, τxy = 3, τyz = τyz = 0

Determine the principal stresses.

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Question: Two points P and Q in the undeformed body have coordinates (0, 0, 1) and
(2, 0, –1) respectively. Assuming that the displacement field given.

u = (x2 + y)i + (3 + z)j + (x2 + 2y)k

Question: The state-of-stress at a point is given by the following array of terms

Determine the principal stresses andprincipal directions.

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References
● M. Filonenko-Borodich, 'Theory of Elasticity‟, University Press of the Pacific, 2003.
● L.S.Srinath, „Advanced Mechanics of Solids‟, 3rded., McGraw-Hill Education, 2009.
● S.P. Timoshenko and J. N. Goodier, 'Theory of Elasticity', 3rded., McGraw-Hill Education,
● Theory of Elasticity, Sadhu Singh, Khanna Publishers
● Mechanics of Materials, Swaroop Adarsh, New Age International Publishers
● https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/106/105106049/
● T.G.Sitharam & L.Govinda Raju ‘Applied Elasticity for Engineers’
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yZNKGxe0H8

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Thank You
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