Kiến thức chung 3G

HANOI-2021
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
Topology
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
Topology
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
Topology
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
Topology
 Cấu trúc mạng 3G
WCDMA RABs

The Radio Bearer (RB) consists of a radio Link

between the UE and the RBS, and a user plane
Transport Channel (TRCH) on the Iub

RAB cannot exist without a Signaling

Connection to carry Radio Resource Control
(RRC) signaling between the UE and RNC and
‘Non Access Stratum’ (NAS) signaling between
the UE and CN.

The NAS messages are carried between the UE

and the RNC using the Radio Resource Control
(RRC) protocol on a Signaling Radio Bearer
(SRB).
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
HSPA principles
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
Adaptive Modulation
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
HSPA
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
HSPA
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
HSPA
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
HSUPA
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
Hybrid ARQwith Soft Combining
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
Adaptive coding
Cấu trúc mạng 3G
HSDPA Scheduling
Thủ tục trong 3G
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
RRC mode and UE state
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
 Cell DCH: a dedicated channel is allocated to the UE is known by its serving RNC on a cell or
active set level. Characterized by the allocation of a DCH or E-DCH (Dedicated Transport Channel)
and by the allocation of HS-DSCH (Common Transport Channel) to the UE. The logical channel
DCCH (Dedicated Control Channels) is used for control signaling and DTCH (Dedicated Traffic
Channels) is used for user data transmission.
 CELL_FACH: The UE does not have a dedicated physical channel allocated. The UE uses
common transport channel RACH in the UL and on FACH or HS-DSCH in the DL.A maximum of
32 kbps is available on downlink for user data transmission.

 Cell_PCH: The UE’s current cell is known to the RNC. If the RNC wants to exchange data with
the UE, it only needs to page the UE there. If the UE changes the cell, it must perform a cell
update. Also periodical cell updates can be requested by UTRAN. To perform updates, the UE
must change to the CELL_FACH sub-state.

 URA_PCH:
+The Serving Radio Network Controller (SRNC) recognizes the UE at the UTRAN
Registration Area (URA) level.
+ the UE is not transmit or receive any control signals or data packets.

 IDLE_MODE: The UE has no connection to the radio network, and there is also no Radio
Resource Control (RRC) connection established.
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
RRC mode and UE state
Cell DCH:
 UE keeps a dedicated channel
 Always transfer data if UE want
 RNC knows what cell that UE
allocated
 When UE move to another cell, UE
perfom the soft handover
 Paging type 2
Cell_PCH:
 UE doesn’t keep any dedicated
or common channel
 If UE want to transfer data,
UE must be a cell update
procedure from cell_PCH to
Cell_FACH & Cell FACH 
Cell_DCH  make delay time
but save the resources.
 RNC knows what cell that UE
allocated
 When UE move to another
cell, UE need cell update
 Paging type 1
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
RRC mode and UE state

Connected mode: Idle mode:

 UE keeps a RRC connection  UE doesn’t keep any

 UE is not known to WCDMA RAN
 When UE move to another cell, UE
perfom the soft/hard handover
(cell_DCH), cell update (cell_FACH,
cell_PCH), cell reselection
(URA_PCH)
 Paging type 1 or type 2
dedicated or common channel,
doesn’t have any signaling
with Network. (does not have a
RRC connection to the radio
network)
 UE is known at the UTRAN
 When UE move to another
cell, UE need cell reselection
procedure.
 Paging type 1
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Channel switching
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Channel switching Channel Rate switching: moves the UE between the various R99 dedicated transport
channel rates (64, 128 384 kbps ) in times of high system load or radio condition

CELL_DCH  CELL_FACH: RNC detects that the data volume has become very low, to
save radio resource (detects by DL throughput or buffer)
CELL_FACH  CELL_DCH: when high data volume is detected(detects by DL throughput
or buffer)

CELL_DCH/CELL_FACH  URA_PCH: detects a certain amount of inactivity UE uses a

technique known as ‘Fast Dormancy’ to release the connection and save battery , RR

CELL_PCH, URA_PCH  CELL_DCH, CELL_FACH: when detection of data

activity (cell update, request transfer data)
CELL_DCH  CELL_PCH: detects a certain amount of inactivity it uses to release the
connection and save battery , RR
Connected mode (CELL_DCH/CELL_FACH/CELL_PCH,URA_PCH)  IDLE mode: detects a
certain amount of inactivity after period time (30 min) to release the connection and save
battery, radio resource
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
RRC mode and UE state
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
State Transition Cases with Packet Data
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
State Transition Cases with Packet Data
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Measurement control & Measurement report
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
IDLE MODE

PLMN Selection
Cell Selection / Reselection
LA / RA Update
Paging
System Information
Cell Update
URA Update
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Location update

Normal Location / Routing Area Update

 A new cell with different LAC/RAC

Periodic Registration
Is used to :
 Notify the network of the UEs availability
 Avoid unnecessary paging attempts for a UE that has lost coverage
Parameter:
LU is controlled by T3212 sent on BCCH
RU is controlled by T3312 (CN parameter)

IMSI attach/detach
During Switch on & off
 Cấu trúc mạng 3G
Paging

UEs can be paged on;

•Idle Mode (Type I)  via PICH & PCH [S-CCPCH]

•Cell_FACH Mode (Type II)  via DCH
•Cell_DCH Mode (Type II)  via DCH
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Master / System Information Blocks

The UE reads the system information on the BCCH when the following events occur:

 UE is powered up
 UE changes cell in Idle mode or in state CELL_FACH
 UE is informed of a change of System Information, when the UE is in Idle mode or state
CELL_FACH, URA_PCH
 UE moves from dedicated mode to common mode
 Timer expires for SIBs
The SIBs contain all information
necessary for UEs to work properly
Master in both Idle and Connected mode
Information
Block
 Each SIB contains different kinds
of information

System System System

Information Information Information
The MIB has a fixed, predefined
Block 1 Block 3 Block n repetition rate equal to 80 ms
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Master / System Information Blocks
Cell update
In CELL_FACH, the Cell Update procedure is used to keep WCDMA
RAN informed about the UEs location on a cell level.
Cell Update is initiated in the following cases:

 A UE in CELL_FACH enters a new cell.

 Periodically by UEs in CELL_FACH. The periodicity is controlled by the t305 timer
 If a UE in CELL_FACH or URA_PCH re-enters the service area after having been
out of coverage.
A cell update is Additionally trigger for several reasons:
 A UE in URA_PCH has uplink data to transmit.
 A UE in URA_PCH state is paged by the network. The page can be initiated either by
UTRAN or CN.
 A UE in CELL_FACH detects RLC unrecoverable error in an AM RLC entity.
 A UE in Cell_DCH detects "Radio Link Failure" or "RLC unrecoverable error", starts
T314, enters Cell_FACH and selects a suitable cell on the same frequency. Call Re-
establishment is triggered after the cell selection procedure is completed.
URA update
In URA_PCH, the procedure URA Update is used to keep
WCDMA RAN informed about the UEs location on a URA
level.
URA Update is initiated in the following cases:

 A UE in URA_PCH enters a new cell not belonging to the same URA that the
UE is registered in
 The UE enters a cell that has no URAs defined
 URA Update is performed periodically. The periodicity is controlled by the
t305 timer
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Admission control
-Reduces bit
rates of delay
tolerant
existing
connections
- Removes
existing
connections.

Blocks new incoming

calls as well as handover
attempts when the load
in the system is high,
thus reducing the call-
dropping probability
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Admission control

The RN Admission Control or admits resource requests according to admission policies

defined on system resources, initiated for:
 set up new radio connections
 cell changes performed
 existing radio connections are modified
 soft handover
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Radio connection supervision
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Call re-establishment
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Handover

Handover occurs as User Equipment (UE) moves between cells with connection quality maintained with as little radio
resource usage as possible.
Types of handover:
 Soft/Softer Handover
 Inter-Frequency Handover
 Inter RAT Handover
 HSPA Mobility
 WCDMA/LTE Mobility.
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Handover
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Handover
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Handover
Thủ tục trong mạng 3G
Handover

add cell to active set

Remove cell in active set

Replace cell to active set

Tài nguyên trong 3G
Tài nguyên trong mạng 3G
Admission control
1. Site resources
 Baseband processing resources:
• Roles signal processing, data processing, smallest processing unit is 1 CE
• Each different services will consumes different processing resources
• Consists of 2 parts: Uplink and downlink separately
 Iub resources:
Transmission bandwidth for stations declared
Tài nguyên trong mạng 3G

2. Cell resources
 Downlink orthogonal codes
• On the downlink, each cell only has one orthogonal code tree
• Datais transmitted to UE on the downlink physical channels. These channels are separated
by orthogonal spreading code.
• Total resources are converted into 8 is SF8, SF16 is 16 codes, SF128 is 128, SF256 is
256 codes
 Downlink power resources
The maximum output power of 3G cell

 Uplink interference resistant

The capacity of a cell was affected by uplink interference
Tài nguyên trong mạng 3G
Baseband processing resources:

R99
Service

HSUPA
Service
Tài nguyên trong mạng 3G
2. Cell resources
 DL Code resources: • Symbol is OVSF: Orthogonal variable spreading factor.
• Data is transmitted to UE on the downlink physical channels. These
channels are separated by orthogonal spreading code.
• Orthogonality will ensure at receiver, UE only receive correct downlink
signal for its release.
• On the downlink, each cell only has one orthogonal code tree.
Tài nguyên trong mạng 3G
2. Cell resources
 DL Code resources:
Tài nguyên trong mạng 3G
2. Cell resources
 DL power resources:
Tài nguyên trong mạng 3G
Admission control Huawei
Tài nguyên trong mạng 3G
Admission control Ericsson
The RN Congestion Control function detects and resolves the following types of overload:
 UL RTWP overload
 EUL scheduled rate
 DL overload
 DL HSDPA overload (non-GBR users or GBR users)

Admission policies are able to trigger RN Soft Congestion Soft Congestion will not target
Tài nguyên trong mạng 3G
Admission control
Resource Congestion Solution
- Optimize baseband resource group.
- Load balancing between baseband resource groups
- Optimize "R99, HSUPA Initial bit” rate, GBR parameter,...
CE congestion - Limit number user HSUPA
- Apply some features to improve CE efficency: CE overbooking, ….
- Upgrade CE cards.

Check bandwidth configuration

Iub congestion Upgrade Iub transmission capacity

- Check coverage
- Increase cell Power
Power congestion - Change power admission control parameters.
- Load balancing between carriers: DRD, LDR,….
- Add more carriers
- Check coverage
- Allocate more codes for R99 service
Codes congestion - Change code admission control parameters.
- Load balancing between carriers: DRD, LDR,….
- Add more carriers
Call flow 3G
3G Call flow
CS call
3G Call flow
CS call
3G Call flow
CS call
3G Call flow
CS call
3G Call flow
CS call
3G Call flow
CS call
3G Call flow
CS call
3G Call flow
CS call
3G Call flow - HSPA
3G Call flow - HSPA
3G Call flow - HSPA
3G data flow - HTTP
3G data flow - HTTP
KPI mạng 3G
KPIs
Retainability: Measures
Accessibility: Measures
the capability of a user to
the probability of a user
retain the RAB once
to obtain an RAB from
connected, for the
the system
desired duration
Integrity: Measures the

KPIs ability of the network to

provide end-user
Mobility: Measures the
ability of the network to
provide the desired
services with the
service to the user within
expected end-user
a certain mobility region
quality and performance
seamlessly and
(i.e. throughput and
continuously
latency)
KPIs Load: Will indicate
Availability: Measures utilization of the cell
the percentage of time resources by means of
that the cell is available traffic volume and
processor load.
Công thức tính KPIs
CSSR CSSR = ( RRC suc/RRC att ) * (NAS succ/ NAS att) * (RAB suc/ RAB att) *100%
Công thức tính KPIs
CDR

CDR = ( call drop / call attempt) *100%

SHOSR

SHOSR = ( SHO succ / SHO attempt) *100%

IRAT HOSR

IRAT HOSR = ( IRAT HO succ / IRAT HO attempt) *100%

Công thức tính KPIs
SHOSR
Công thức tính KPIs
IRAT HOSR
Công thức tính KPIs
LTE- WCDMA IRAT Handover

Preparation Phase Execution Phase

3G KPI OPTIMIZATION
3G KPI OPTIMIZATION
CSSR
1. Nguyên nhân:
 Cell nghẽn, lưu lượng cao
 Khai báo tham số chưa đúng
 Hardware lỗi ( RRU, antenna, feeder, connector, baseband,suy hao quang, VSWR…)
 Vùng phủ kém
 Nhiễu ngoài
 Nguyên nhân khác (core, truyền dẫn, down tr…)
2. Giải pháp:
 Nâng cấp tài nguyên
 Rà soát khai báo tham số, tính năng ( khai báo admission control, feature, timer…)
 Sửa lỗi trạm
 Sửa lỗi truyền dẫn
 Khắc phục lỗi core…
 Tối ưu vùng phủ
 Reset trạm
 Xử lý nhiễu ngoài
3G KPI OPTIMIZATION
CDR

1. Nguyên nhân:
 Khai báo tham số, neighbor chưa đúng, đủ. Trùng PSC
 Trạm lỗi ( RRU, antenna, feeder, connector, baseband,…)
 Vùng phủ kém
 Nguyên nhân khác (core, truyền dẫn…)
 Nhiễu ngoài
Missing neighbor – mất đồng bộ đường lên – HO failure – nguyên nhân khác
2. Giải pháp:
 Rà soát khai báo tham số, tính năng ( khai báo supervision, feature, timer…)
 Sửa lỗi trạm
 Sửa lỗi truyền dẫn
 Khắc phục lỗi core…
 Tối ưu vùng phủ
 Xử lý nhiễu
3G KPI OPTIMIZATION
CDR
 Tổng số cuộc rớt 1 cell: pmNoNormalRabReleaseSpeech ( chỉ xét dịch vụ thoại)
 Số cuộc rớt do missing neighbor: pmNoSysRelSpeechNeighbr
 Số cuộc rớt do mất đồng bộ đường lên:pmNoSysRelSpeechUlSynch
 Số cuộc rớt do nghẽn: pmNoOfTermSpeechCong
 Số cuộc rớt do iRAT HO:(pmNoAttOutIratHoSpeech – pmNoSuccessOutIratHoSpeech –
SpeechReturnOldChPhyChFail - SpeechReturnOldChNotPhyChFail)
 Số cuộc rớt do IF HO: FailRevertCsSpeech12
 Số cuộc rớt do other reason: Tổng số cuộc rớt trừ đi 5 nguyên nhân ở trên
•Rớt do nghẽn

3G KPI OPTIMIZATION
CDR
 Rớt do missing neighbor  add neighbor, xóa neighbor tràn
 Rớt do inRAT HO : : Do cell 2G không phải là ứng cử tốt nhất; nền nhiễu cell 2G cao, cell 2G bị nghẽn SUB,
nghẽn SD; do cell 2G bị lỗi
tối ưu lại relation là 3G 2G, 3G 3G , rà soát khai báo external 3G-2G
 Rớt do IF HO  tối ưu lại vùng phủ, tối ưu relation , kiểm tra lỗi target cell
 Rớt do mất đồng bộ đường lên
- Nguyên nhân: Do nhiễu đường lên lớn, do thiếu vùng phủ đường lên, do thiếu vùng phủ đường xuống
- Giải pháp: tối ưu vùng phủ, rà soát trùng PSC, overshoot
 Rớt do nghẽn  điều chỉnh vùng phủ, nâng cấp tài nguyên
 Cell rớt chủ yếu do other reason
 Do lỗi trạm
 Truyền dẫn
 Vùng phủ tồi
 Trùng PSC
 Lỗi core
 Reset trạm, sửa lỗi HW, tối ưu vùng phủ, PSC
3G KPI OPTIMIZATION
HOSR

1. Nguyên nhân:
 Cell target nghẽn, lưu lượng cao
 Khai báo tham số chưa đúng, neighbor, trùng PSC…
 Hardware lỗi target cell ( RRU, antenna, feeder, connector, baseband,suy hao quang, VSWR…)
 Vùng phủ kém chưa tối ưu, không đủ overlapping
 Nhiễu ngoài
 Nguyên nhân khác (core, truyền dẫn…)

2. Giải pháp:
 Nâng cấp tài nguyên
 Rà soát khai báo neighbor, tham số, tính năng (feature, timer…)
 Sửa lỗi trạm
 Sửa lỗi truyền dẫn
 Tối ưu vùng phủ
 Xử lý nhiễu ngoài
3G KPI OPTIMIZATION
Throughput

1. Nguyên nhân:
 Vùng phủ kém
 Truyền dẫn kém
 Tham số
 Nghẽn tài nguyên vô tuyến
 Lỗi core, tính cước PCRF

2. Giải pháp:
 Tối ưu vùng phủ
 Rà soát khai báo tham số, tính năng
 Sửa lỗi truyền dẫn
 Khắc phục lỗi core…