MODULE V Environmental Science

Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines

College of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department
MODULE V
HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT
TAROMA, Lance
TIAMZON, Jefry
URBANO, Mhervyn
URIZAR, John Corky
VALDEPENA, Kevin Russel
VERANGA, Joysan
Population Growth and Population Explosion
Population
Group of individuals of species occupying a definite geographic area at a given
time.
Some of the characteristics or a population are natality (birth rate), mortality
(death rate), sex ratio, age distribution, growth rates, and special distribution.
Population Density is population size in relation to some unit of space and time.
Population Age Distribution refers to the individuals of different age groups in a
population. The natality and mortality is also different for respective ages.
Bodenhelmer (1938) recognized three ecological ages as: (i) Pre reproductive, (ii)
Reproductive and (iii) Post reproductive
In logistic growth, a population's per capita growth rate gets smaller and smaller
as population size approaches a maximum imposed by limited resources in the
environment, known as the carrying capacity (K).
In exponential growth, a population's per capita (per individual) growth rate

stays the same regardless of population size, making the population grow faster and
faster as it gets larger.
Causes of Population Growth

o Lack of knowledge in family planning
o Improvement in medical science
o High birth rate
o Rise in food production
Effects of Population Growth

o Shortage in medical facilities and services
o Problems with power shortage and distribution
o Rising inflation
o Less employment opportunities
o Increase in industrial and community waste
o Air, water and land pollution
Carrying Capacity
It assesses the power of the Earth to sustain the maximum number of species
without causing any damage to the ecosystem. Moreover, it is very important to assess
the carrying capacity for the purpose of achieving sustainable development.
Four broad categories of factors:

(1) the availability of raw materials,
(2) the availability of energy,
(3) the accumulation of waste products and their means of disposal and
(4) interactions among organisms.
The total of all of these forces acting together to limit populations size is known
as environmental resistance.
❖ Lower the chances of reproduction

❖ Affect the health of organisms
❖ Raise the death rate of population
Population Explosion
The human overpopulation or population explosion is caused when the ecological
footprint of humans in a particular region crosses the actual carrying limit of the place with
regards to space and the resources available.
Growth of Human Population

Emigration: The number of individuals going out from a population to join another
population in a new locality resulting in decrease of the original population.
Immigration: It is the addition of new individuals to the population from other localities.
Density dependent factors: An increase in population leads to competition, since all its
individuals have identical requirements for food and space. Population increase causes
scarcity of food, consequently leading to death due to starvation. (competition,
predation, parasitism, waste accumulation and disease )
Density independent factors: Interaction between populations in a given area can lead
to mutual benefits, to competition for resources or dependence of one on the other. (fires,
natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, tornados), and the effects of pollution)
Causes of Population Explosion

• Technological advancement
has been a major contributor to the high growth rate of population.
• Improvement of medical facilities and the eradication of many diseases, human
population thrived as the mortality rates dropped and the birth rates increased.
Effects of Population Explosion

o Natural resources are depleting constantly with the increasing demand and
consumption.
o With the increasing population and the rising demand, there is an increased level
in the air, water and soil pollution.
o Apart from the environmental effects there is a huge socio-economic impact as the
countries resources become inadequate to support the needs of a growing
population.
Family Welfare Programme
Family Welfare Programme

- it is an advocacy program that draws corporate support in promoting workers'
quality of life by adopting a family centered approach in the workplace.
Family Planning
➢ Family planning refers to a person's or a couple's preparation for having
only the kids they want, when they want them.
➢ In addition to birth planning, family welfare also refers to the overall welfare
of the family as a whole through comprehensive family healthcare. the
family welfare program is given top importance because the wellbeing of all
citizens is essential to its success.
Concept of Family Welfare Programme

✓ Quality of life is essentially connected to the welfare idea.
✓ Education, dietary needs, health, employment, women's rights, housing, and
access to soft water are all essential components of the welfare idea.
✓ The child family is the focus.
FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAM IN THE PHILIPPINES

The Family Welfare Program (FWP) aims to spread the idea that improving worker-
management relations and workplace productivity depend on increasing the welfare of
employees and their families. It is a corporate-backed advocacy campaign that seeks to
improve workers' quality of life by implementing a family-friendly work environment.
✓ The FWP advocates for the integration of the 10 dimensions which also serve as
a guide in implementing the program
Reproductive Health and Responsible Parenthood
✓ Education/Gender Equality
✓ Spirituality or Value Formation
✓ Income Generation/Livelihood/Cooperative
✓ Medical Health Care
✓ Nutrition
✓ Environment Protection, hygiene and Sanitation
✓ Sports and Leisure
✓ Housing
✓ Transportation
Program Objectives: FWP aims to:

✓ Encourage plant-level activities that will help the Philippine Population
Management Program achieve its objectives (PPMP)
✓ Promote workplace productivity and better worker-management relations by
raising awareness of family planning and other aspects of the welfare of families
among labor and management
✓ Make the family welfare component a top priority for the Family Welfare
Committee's attention and action.
TARGET BENEFICIARIES
Socially disadvantaged families include parents, surrogate parents, low-income

solo parents, families with relationship issues, family heads who are unemployed, and
other needy adults.
SERVICES, PROGRAMS, AND ASSISTANCE

Parent Effectiveness Services
In order to empower parents to properly rear their children, instill positive, fulfilling
husband-wife relationships as well as parent-child relationships, and foster family
members' social awareness, information and techniques on early childhood enrichment,
health care, and responsible parenting are provided.
Planned Responsible Parenthood Service
Refers to the promotion of responsible parenting and family well-being through
counseling and the instillation of values.
Family Enterprise Assistance
Offering interest-free capital support and livelihood-focused services would help
people get comfortable working on income-generating initiatives and grow more
independent and socially responsible.
Social Service for Solo Parent (SSSP
This service is provided through a group process in which a single parent
(widowed, abandoned, separated, or unmarried) who is having a hard time coping gains
insight through group discussion and information; modifies unruly behavior through group
control and discussion; builds confidence through participation in group activities; and
discovers the opportunities and services she/he needs, preventing a possible breakdown.
Marriage Counselling Service
It is a process which assist couples desiring to get married and marriage couples
develop an understanding of the nature of marriage, family life, and a rational attitude and
behaviour towards marriage life situations.
Family Casework Service
A short-term type of counselling which aims to bring together troubled individual
and his family as a group to assess and help sort out problems affecting them.
Integrated Family Life Resource Center

An independently run facility run by volunteers with the goal of empowering
families by enhancing their capacity to manage and access community-based support
and services for other families in the neighborhood.
Responsible Parenthood Service
Counseling of the benefits of child spacing and family size planning, as well as
methods for removing psychosocial obstacles to these practices.
Empowerment and Reaffirmation of Parental Abilities
An intervention that prioritizes and emphasizes dads' parenting roles, obligations,
and skills through initiatives that support Filipino fathers' efficient handling of household
duties. It entails holding modular sessions for fathers to provide them the skills, attitudes,
and knowledge they need as well as holding enrichment activities to empower Filipino
fathers and give them a fulfilling experience of parenting.
ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH
What is Environment
• The term environment has been derived from a French word "Environia" means to
surround. It refers to both Abiotic (physical or non-living) and Biotic (living)
environment. The word environment means surroundings, in which organisms live.
• The term environment has been derived from a French word "Environia" means to
surround. It refers to both Abiotic (physical or non-living) and Biotic (living)
environment. The word environment means surroundings, in which organisms live.
External vs. Internal Environment

External Environment
The environment outside of the organism, which pertains to the physical,
chemical, biological and social conditions surrounding the organism.
Internal Environment
The conditions within the body, including temperature, blood pressure, blood-
sugar level, and acid–base balance, as opposed to those in the external environment.
2 Types of Environment
Geographical Environment
It refers to the natural environment of the ecosystem, it includes both abiotic and
biotic factors. Mountains, rivers, terrain are all the constituents of a geographical
environment.
Man-made Environment
Man cannot directly live in the geographical environment, so he creates some of
his environmental conditions to adjust to it. This is a man-made or human-made
environment, a human creation.
3 Constituents of Environment
Physical
The Physical Constituent of environment includes soil, water, air, climate,
temperature, light etc.
3 Parts:
(i) Atmosphere (gas)
(ii) Hydrosphere (liquid)
(iii) Lithosphere (solid)
Biological
Plant and animal life including bacteria, viruses, insects, rodents and animals.
Social
Customs, culture, habits, income, occupation, religion etc.
Why is the Environment Important to Human Life?

1. The environment provides us with resources for production which
include renewable and non-renewable resources.
2. The environment includes sun, water, air, and soil without which human life would
not exist. It sustains life by providing genetic diversity and biodiversity.
3. Production and consumption of activities generate waste mainly in the manner of
garbage that the environment helps get rid of.
4. Humans enjoy the beauty of mountains, lakes, rivers, deserts, and many other
breathtaking natural elements only because of the existence of the environment.
Human Health
• A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity. The health of a whole community or population is
reflected in measurements of disease incidence and prevalence, age-specific
death rates, and life expectancy.
• Nutritious foods help us stay healthy.
• Regular exercise helps keep us strong and healthy.
• Doctors, hospitals and medicines help us get healthy if we’re sick.
Why Health is so Importnant?

1. Improve longevity- If a person doesn’t have a healthy lifestyle, it would affect the
daily routine of a person. When the body gets proper nutrition, it becomes more fit
and healthy, improving longevity.
2. Prevent diseases- The most important concept of leading a healthy life is to
provide immunity strength against various diseases. The immune system is the
body’s natural defence mechanism to fight against foreign agents that cause harm
to the body.
3. Improve mental health- Having a bad lifestyle would result in poor mental health.
Adapting a healthy lifestyle would relax the mind and improve the mood. Only
when a person is happy mentally, they would perform productively. Mental health
is equally important as physical health.
4. Lead a productive life- A healthy person would serve his/her community and
nation. Only when a person is not affected by any disease,he/she is considered
healthy.This inturn would help them to serve better.
Environmental Health
• Environmental health is the branch of public health concerned with all aspects of
the natural and built environment affecting human health. Environmental health
focuses on the natural and built environments for the benefit of human health.
• Fresh air, clean water, shelter, and a stable climate are just a few requirements for
human health that link directly to the environment.
Environmental Factors that Affect Health

1. Chemical Safety
2. Air Pollution
3. Climate Change and Natural Disasters
4. Lack of Access to Health Care
5. Diseases Caused by Microbes
6. Infrastructure Issues
7. Poor Water Quality
8. Global Environmental Issues
Ways to Improve our Environmental Health

1. Reduce your carbon footprint - You can drastically reduce the amount of carbon
you contribute to the atmosphere by choosing methods of travel other than a car
or airplane. If possible, reduce your carbon footprint by walking to work or riding
your bike.
2. Reduce, reuse, recycle- The world is densely populated with industrial factories
that pump harmful CO2 into the environment. Support the health of your
environment by reusing the items you have and recycling wherever possible.
3. Grow your own fruits and vegetables- By learning how to grow your own food,
you will learn valuable life skills. It is also therapeutic and a great avenue of self-
care. With this growing wellness trend, you'll simultaneously advocate for your
health and your environment.
4. Be conscious of the products you use- Many of the products we use were made
in factories that exploit both humans and the environment. You can choose to fight
against this by being more intentional about your products
Value Education
Value Education
Teaching and learning about values is known as value education. The objective is
for students to comprehend moral principles and demonstrate moral behavior and a
positive attitude toward society.
Value-based education encourages the growth of each student's unique
personality to help them decide their future and successfully navigate difficult situations.
It shapes children to effectively fulfill their social, moral, and democratic duties
while also being able to adapt to changing conditions.
The improvement of students' physical and emotional well-being, the teaching of
manners and the creation of a sense of brotherhood, the instillation of a patriotic spirit,
and the growth of religious tolerance are all advantages of value education.
Value education should not be seen as a separate discipline but as something that
should be inherent in the education system. Merely solving problems must not be the aim,
the clear reason and motive behind must also be thought of.
OBJECTIVES OF VALUE EDUCATION

✓ To improve the integral growth of human begins.
✓ To create attitudes and improvement towards sustainable lifestyle.
✓ To increase awareness about our national history our cultural heritage,
constitutional rights, national integration, community development and
environment.
✓ To create and develop awareness about the values and their significance and role.
✓ To know about various living and non-living organisms and their interaction with
environment.
IMPORTANCE OF VALUE EDUCATION:

✓ Education in the life of a person makes the future better.
✓ Education act as a backbone in society.
✓ Education changes the perspective of a person.
✓ Education develops the moral values and patience.
✓ Education helps in understanding things better and more precisely.
PURPOSE OF VALUE EDUCATION

✓ To develop the child’s personality in all possible aspects.
✓ To develop good moral values in the children.
✓ To develop thinking in a better aspect and a democratic way of living.
✓ To develop good citizenship and standard of living and behavior of children.
✓ To develop tolerance and make a kind person to the children.
TYPES OF VALUE EDUCATION

Student Exchange Programs

It's yet another strategy for making students feel like they belong. Programs for
student exchange help students learn about a country's educational system in addition to
exploring a diversity of cultures.
Co Curriculum Activities
Children's physical, mental, and disciplinary values are improved when value
education is provided through extracurricular activities at school. Additionally helpful for
overall development include puppetry, music, and creative writing.
Workshops for Adults
Four to five years into their professional careers, people start to show signs of job
tiredness, discontent, and aggravation. Adult value education is now more important than
ever.
Young College Students
Some universities have made an effort to incorporate value education into their
courses or offer recurring seminars on the topic. There has been an exciting amount of
progress made in terms of students changing their career goals and raising their
awareness of other people and the environment.
OTHER Value Based Environmental Education

✓ Human Values
✓ Social Values
✓ Cultural and Religious Values
✓ Ethical Values
✓ Global Values
✓ Spiritual Values
HIV / AIDS
H.I.V
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets the immune system and
weakens people's defense against many infections and some types of cancer that people
with healthy immune systems can fight off.
Key facts HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed
36.3 million [27.2–47.8 million] lives so far. There is no cure for HIV infection. However,
with increasing access to effective HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care,
including for opportunistic infections, HIV infection has become a manageable chronic
health condition, enabling people living with HIV to lead long and healthy lives. There
were an estimated 37.7 million [30.2–45.1 million] people living with HIV at the end of
2020, over two thirds of whom (25.4 million) are in the WHO African Region. In 2020, 680
000 [480 000–1.0 million] people died from HIV-related causes and 1.5 million [1.0–2.0
million] people acquired HIV. To reach the new proposed global 95–95–95 targets set by
UNAIDS, we will need to redouble our efforts to avoid the worst-case scenario of 7.7
million HIV-related deaths over the next 10 years, increasing HIV infections due to HIV
service disruptions during COVID-19, and the slowing public health response to HIV.
Signs and symptoms

The symptoms of HIV vary depending on the stage of infection. Though people
living with HIV tend to be most infectious in the first few months after being infected, many
are unaware of their status until the later stages. In the first few weeks after initial infection
people may experience no symptoms or an influenza-like illness including fever,
headache, rash or sore throat. As the infection progressively weakens the immune
system, they can develop other signs and symptoms, such as swollen lymph nodes,
weight loss, fever, diarrhoea and cough. Without treatment, they could also develop
severe illnesses such as tuberculosis (TB), cryptococcal meningitis, severe bacterial
infections, and cancers such as lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma.
Transmission
HIV can be transmitted via the exchange of a variety of body fluids from infected
people, such as blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal secretions. HIV can also be
transmitted from a mother to her child during pregnancy and delivery. Individuals cannot
become infected through ordinary day-to-day contact such as kissing, hugging, shaking
hands, or sharing personal objects, food or water. It is important to note that people with
HIV who are taking ART and are virally suppressed do not transmit HIV to their sexual
partners. Early access to ART and support to remain on treatment is therefore critical not
only to improve the health of people with HIV but also to prevent HIV transmission.
Risk Factors
Behaviours and conditions that put individuals at greater risk of contracting HIV
include: having unprotected anal or vaginal sex; having another sexually transmitted
infection (STI) such as syphilis, herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhoea and bacterial vaginosis;
sharing contaminated needles, syringes and other injecting equipment and drug solutions
when injecting drugs; receiving unsafe injections, blood transfusions and tissue
transplantation, and medical procedures that involve unsterile cutting or piercing; and
experiencing accidental needle stick injuries, including among health workers
Prevention
Individuals can reduce the risk of HIV infection by limiting exposure to risk factors.
Key approaches for HIV prevention, which are often used in combination, include: male
and female condom use; testing and counselling for HIV and STIs; testing and counselling
for linkages to tuberculosis (TB) care; voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC); use
of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for prevention; harm reduction for people who inject and
use drugs; and elimination of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV.
Treatment
HIV disease can be managed by treatment regimens composed of a combination
of three or more antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not
cure HIV infection but highly suppresses viral replication within a person's body and
allows an individual's immune system recovery to strengthen and regain the capacity to
fight off opportunistic infections and some cancers.
Infectious quantity of HIV:

1. Blood
2. Semen
3. Vaginal Fluids
4. Breast Milk
HIV is not transmitted by:

1. Hugging or kissing
2. Sharing utensils
3. Shaking hands
4. Sharing pools or toilet seats
5. Animal bites
A.I.D.S.
What is AIDS?
AIDS is a condition known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS is
caused by the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV. The first cases of AIDS are
identified more than 20 years ago in San Francisco and New York. Today is estimated
that more than 42 million worldwide are living with HIV or AIDS.
HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control

1. RA 8504 Philippines AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998
2. National Workplace Policy on STD/HIV/AIDS initiated by Dole-1997
3. DO 102-10 "Guidelines for the implementation of HIV and AIDS Prevention and
Control in the Workplace Program"
WOMEN AND CHILD WELFARE
Women and Child Welfare

WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION PROGRAM
The Women and Children Protection Program (WCPP) provides technical and
management support to ensure that Women and Children Protection Units (WCPUs) are
established and operational as mandated under Section 40 of Republic Act 9262. This
program aims to provide medical assistance to violence against women and their children
(VAWC) survivors and increase cases appropriately managed in health facilities. To
achieve this, the WCPP focuses on the primary prevention and response through
establishing and ensuring the functionality of WCPUs, strengthening management
structures, capability building of public health workers and hospital staff, health promotion,
and advocacy.
Child welfare in the Philippines

The Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination
Act (Republic Act 7610) provides a legal basis to protect children from abuse including
'neglect, cruelty, exploitation and discrimination and other conditions, prejudicial to their
development'.
RA 9262
RA 9262 , otherwise known as the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their
Children Law (“VAWC”), defines violence against women and children as “any act or a
series of acts against a woman who is his wife, former wife or against a woman with whom
the person has or had sexual or dating relationship, or against her child, .
RA 10821
Republic Act (RA) 10821 or the Children's Emergency Relief and Protection Act
sets a standard of accountability to children in terms of protection and provision of their
needs before, during, and after a disaster.
Child and Youth Welfare

Code Presidential Decree No. 603, otherwise known as the Child and Youth
Welfare Code and issued in December 1974, legally defines special categories of youths,
including youthful offenders, and directs the Ministry of Social Services and Development
(MSSD) to provide comprehensive services to assist in youth development.
Environmental Impact Analysis and Role of Information Technology in

Environment and Human Health
Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA)

What is EIA?
- EIA is basically a tool used to assess the positive and negative environmental,
economic and social impacts of a project.
- EIA compares various alternatives for a project and seeks to identify the one
which represents the best combination of economic and environmental costs and
benefits.
Stages of the EIA Process
• Who, what & why?

1. SCREENING • Baseline Conditions
Is EIA required?
• Who, what & why?

2. SCOPING
Identify key issues and concerns
• Cumulative, secondary & indirect impacts?

3. IMPACT ASSESSMENT • Significance?
Identify & evaluate impacts
• Residual Impacts?
4. MANAGEMENT & • Enhancement Opportunities?
ENHANCEMENT • Mitigation Measures?
• Environmental commitments?
5. ENVIRONMENTAL • Monitoring Arrangements?
STATEMENT
The EIA Process

• SCREENING : First stage of EIA, which determines whether the proposed project,
requires an EIA and if it does, then the level of assessment required.
• SCOPING: This stage identifies the key issues and impacts that should be further
investigated. This stage also defines the boundary and time limit of the study.
• IMPACT ANALYSIS: This stage of EIA identifies and predicts the likely
environmental and social impact of the proposed project and evaluates the
significance.
• MITIGATION: This step in EIA recommends the actions to reduce and avoid the
potential adverse environmental consequences of development activities.
• REPORTING: This stage presents the result of EIA in a form of a report to the
decision-making body and other interested parties.
• REVIEW OF EIA: It examines the adequacy and effectiveness of the EIA report
and provides the information necessary for decision-making.
• DECISION-MAKING: It decides whether the project is rejected, approved or
needs further change.
• POST MONITORING: This stage comes into play once the project is
commissioned. It checks to ensure that the impacts of the project do not exceed
the legal standards and implementation of the mitigation measures are in the
manner as described in the EIA report.
When is EIA needed?

The EIA Directive ensures participation of environmental authorities and the public in
environmental decision making.
• Annex I sets out projects that MUST be subject to an EIA
• Annex II sets out projects over which Member States have discretion regarding
the need for an EIA
Projects Types – Mandatory EIAs

• Oil refineries & Industrial scale chemical production facilities
• Power stations/ combustion installations with heat output ≥ 300MW

• Nuclear power stations, reactors, fuel enrichment/reprocessing plants
• Nuclear waste disposal facilities
• Mines
• Steel/ iron smelting or other metal production facilities
• Waste water treatment plants exceeding 150,000 population equivalent
• Large scale petroleum/ oil storage
• Waste disposal sites (landfill)
• Asbestos extraction/ processing
• Long distance railways
• Airport Runways
• Large roads (Motorways)
• Groundwater abstraction > 10M m3
• Dams holding > 10M m3
Projects Types – Discretionary EIAs

• Using uncultivated land/ semi-natural areas for intensive agriculture
• Water management projects for agriculture
• Afforestation and deforestation
• Intensive livestock installations
• Land reclamation
• Small mines/ quarries
• Windfarms
• Motor vehicle/ ship manufacturing
• Glass manufacturing
• Food (dairy/ brewing/ animal slaughter)

• Urban development
• Small-scale storage of fossil fuels (petrol stations)
• Flood control, bank protection & discharge to surface waters
• Organic waste composting/ processing
Role of Information Technology in Environment and Human Health
What is Information Technology (IT)?

• Information technology (IT) is the use of any computers, storage, networking and
other physical devices, infrastructure and processes to create, process, store,
secure and exchange all forms of electronic data.
Information Technology
• Information Technology has played a key role in the development of human
Society.
• Modern technologies such as information technology have changed the Human
lifestyle.
• Development of sophisticated instruments like computers, Satellites,
telecommunication instruments etc have resulted in total revolution in almost all
spheres of life.
• Information technology has tremendous potential in the field of environment
education and health as in any other field like business, economics, politics or
culture.
• A number of software have been developed for environment and health studies
which are used friendly and can help an early learner in knowing and
Understanding the subject.
IT for Environment
• Tremendous potential
• Can acquire, store, analyze and visualize satellite data for observation, and
protection of environment.
• Easily accessible around the world
• Dramatically reduces costs, increases speed, improved productivity and opens
up new challenges and opportunities.
Remote sensing
• Acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making
physical contact.
• Generally refers to using aerial sensor technologies to detect and classify objects
on earth.
• New sensors being developed rapidly.
• Important for weather forecasts, climate change or natural disasters.
Using Remote Sensing Data

Studies have focused on Mapping and monitoring changes in productivity caused by:
1. Monitoring wind erosion
2. Monitoring water logging
3. Monitoring the condition of remnant vegetation
4. Cereal crop yield mapping
5. Predicting salinity
6. Monitoring rangeland condition
7. Cost Effective
8. Can monitor broader areas
Geographical Information System (GIS)

• Designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage and present all types of
spatial or geographical data.
• Broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics.
• Science underlying concepts, applications and systems.
• Can use GIS to study the environment, report on the phenomena and model the
working and responding of environment to natural and man-made factors.
Using GIS
• Manage multiple types of geographical data
• Assess relationships such as run-off and groundwater purity
• Measure changes in wildlife habitat encroachment
• Model events such as drought impact on forest health
• Improve workflow processes from data gathering and analysis to publication and
distribution of findings.
Disadvantages of Information Technology

• Expense of Implementation and Maintenance
• Elimination of Jobs
• Breaches in Security
Conclusion
• As with anything in life, there are two sides to every story.
• The advantages and disadvantages of using IT in the medical field have been
debated for quite some time and will continue to be debated into the future.
• However, as our technology improves environment and our healthcare system

evolves, it seems unreasonable not to implement the many benefits gained by
technology.
References:
https://assignmentpoint.com/population-growth-causes-effects-solutions/
https://sustainablenz.org/resources/problems-and-solutions/causes-of-population-
growth/
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/ecology-ap/population-ecology-
ap/a/exponential-logistic-growth
https://www.theworldcounts.com/stories/Effect-of-Growing-Population
https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/
https://www.toppr.com/guides/science/nature/ecosystem/carrying-capacity-definition-
types-examples/
https://planningtank.com/demography/population-explosion-meaning-reasons-effects
Singh, Y. K. (2006). Environmental Science. New Age International Publisher. (pp. 220-
226).
https://courseware.cutm.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Family-Welfare-Programme-
pdf.pdf
https://bwsc.dole.gov.ph/33-programs-projects/family-welfare-
program.html#:~:text=FWP%20aims%20to%3A,and%20improved%20worker%2Dmana
gement%20relations
https://mssd.bangsamoro.gov.ph/family-and-community-welfare-program/
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/value-education-definition-and-the-concept-of-
value-education-with-example/30222
https://www.admitkard.com/blog/2019/12/17/importance-of-value-of-education/
https://leverageedu.com/blog/importance-of-value-education/

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Republic of the Philippines

Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Population Growth and Population Explosion

In exponential growth, a population's per capita (per individual) growth rate

Causes of Population Growth

Effects of Population Growth

Four broad categories of factors:

❖ Lower the chances of reproduction

Growth of Human Population

Causes of Population Explosion

Effects of Population Explosion

Family Welfare Programme

Family Welfare Programme

Concept of Family Welfare Programme

FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAM IN THE PHILIPPINES

Program Objectives: FWP aims to:

Socially disadvantaged families include parents, surrogate parents, low-income

SERVICES, PROGRAMS, AND ASSISTANCE

Integrated Family Life Resource Center

ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH

External vs. Internal Environment

Why is the Environment Important to Human Life?

Why Health is so Importnant?

Environmental Factors that Affect Health

Ways to Improve our Environmental Health

OBJECTIVES OF VALUE EDUCATION

IMPORTANCE OF VALUE EDUCATION:

PURPOSE OF VALUE EDUCATION

TYPES OF VALUE EDUCATION

Student Exchange Programs

OTHER Value Based Environmental Education

Signs and symptoms

Infectious quantity of HIV:

HIV is not transmitted by:

HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control

WOMEN AND CHILD WELFARE

Women and Child Welfare

Child welfare in the Philippines

Child and Youth Welfare

Environmental Impact Analysis and Role of Information Technology in

Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA)

Stages of the EIA Process

• Who, what & why?

• Who, what & why?

• Cumulative, secondary & indirect impacts?

The EIA Process

When is EIA needed?

Projects Types – Mandatory EIAs

• Power stations/ combustion installations with heat output ≥ 300MW

Projects Types – Discretionary EIAs

• Food (dairy/ brewing/ animal slaughter)

Role of Information Technology in Environment and Human Health

What is Information Technology (IT)?

Using Remote Sensing Data

Geographical Information System (GIS)

Disadvantages of Information Technology

• However, as our technology improves environment and our healthcare system

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