EE380: Electromagnetic Theory

Symbol Quantity SI Unit Symbol Quantity SI Unit

Ā or A Magnetic vector potential (Wb)𝑚−1 ε Permittivity 𝐹𝑚−1
B Susceptance Siemens(S) θ Theta Rad
B Magnetic Field Density (Wb)𝑚−2 or T λ Wavelength m
C Capacitance Farads (F) µ Permeability
Cu Capacitance per unit length 𝐹𝑚−2 ρ Volume charge density 𝐶𝑚−3
D Electric Flux Density 𝐶𝑚−2 σ Conductivity S
E Electric field Intensity 𝑉𝑚−1 or 𝑁𝐶 −1 r Time Constant S
F Force Newton (N) Φ Electrostatic Potential V
ƒ Frequency Hertz (Hz) t Time s
G Conductance S Ne Electron Density 𝑚−3
H Magnetic Field Intensity 𝐴𝑚−1 v Velocity vector 𝑚𝑠 −1
I Current Amperes (A) V Voltage Volts (V)
J Current Density 𝐴𝑚−2 emf Electromotive force V
JS Surface Current Density 𝐴𝑚−1 W Work (Energy) Joules (J)
m Mass Kg w Energy Density 𝐽𝑚−3
Q, q Electric charge Coulombs (C) X Reactance Ω
R Resistance Ω Y Admittance S
T Temperature oC Z Impedance Ω

Rectangular (x, y, z) Cylindrical (r, Φ, z) Spherical (r, θ, Φ)

Rectangular x,y,z 𝑟𝑐 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑟𝑠 =√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
𝑦 𝑦
Φ = tan−1 𝑥 Φ = tan−1 𝑥
z=z 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (
𝑧
)
√𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
2

Cylindrical x = 𝑟𝑐 cos 𝜑 r, Φ, z 𝑟𝑠 = √𝑟𝑐 2 + 𝑧 2

y = 𝑟𝑐 sin 𝜑 𝑧
𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
z=z √𝑟 + 𝑧 2
2
Φ=Φ
Spherical x = 𝑟𝑐 cos 𝜑 = 𝑟𝑠 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜑 𝑟𝑐 = 𝑟𝑠 sin 𝜃 𝑟𝑠 , 𝜃, 𝜑
y = 𝑟𝑐 sin 𝜑 = 𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 Φ=Φ
z = z = 𝑟𝑠 cos 𝜃 z= 𝑟𝑠 cos 𝜃

Differential Rectangular Cylindrical Spherical

Element
𝑑𝒍 𝑑𝑥𝐱̂ + 𝑑𝑦𝐲̂ + 𝑑𝑧𝐳̂ ̂ + 𝑑𝑧𝐳̂
𝑑𝑟𝐫̂ + 𝑟𝑑𝜙𝛟 𝑑𝑟𝐫̂ + 𝑟𝑑𝜃𝛉 ̂ + 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜙𝛟 ̂
𝑑𝑙 √𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑦 2 + 𝑑𝑧 2 √𝑑𝑟 2 + (𝑟𝑑𝜙)2 + 𝑑𝑧 2 √𝑑𝑟 2 + (𝑟𝑑𝜃)2 + (𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜙)2
𝑑𝒔 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝐳̂ + 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧𝐱̂ + 𝑟𝑑𝜙𝑑𝑧𝐫̂ + 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝑧𝛟̂ + 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜙𝐳̂ ̂
𝑟 2 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃𝑑𝜙𝐫̂ + 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜙𝛉
𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑥𝐲̂ + 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃𝛟 ̂
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦, 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧, 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑥 𝑟𝑑𝜙𝑑𝑧, 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝑧, 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜙 2
𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃𝑑𝜙, 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜙,
𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜙𝑑𝑧 𝑟 2 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃𝑑𝜙

Gradient: Divergence:
𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝐷𝑥 𝜕𝐷𝑦 𝜕𝐷𝑧
∇𝑉 = 𝒙 + 𝜕𝑦 𝒚 + 𝜕𝑧 𝒛 (Rectangular) ∇. 𝐃 = + + (Rectangular)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕 1 𝜕𝐷Ф 𝜕𝐷𝑧
∇𝑉 = 𝒓 + 𝑟 𝜕Ф Ф + 𝜕𝑧 𝒛 (Cylindrical) ∇. 𝐃 = 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 (𝑟𝐷𝑟 ) + 𝑟 + (Cylindrical)
𝜕𝑟 𝜕Ф 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕 1 𝜕
∇𝑉 = 𝜕𝑟
𝒓 + 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝛉 + 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜕Ф Ф (Spherical) ∇. 𝐃 = 𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟 (𝑟 2 𝐷𝑟 ) + 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜕𝜃 (𝐷𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) +
1 𝜕𝐷Ф
(Spherical)
𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜕Ф

1
EE380: Electromagnetic Theory
Curl:
𝜕𝐻 𝜕𝐻𝑦 𝜕𝐻 𝜕𝐻𝑧 𝜕𝐻𝑦 𝜕𝐻𝑥
∇ x 𝐇 = ( 𝜕𝑦𝑧 − )𝒙 + ( 𝜕𝑧𝑥 − )𝒚 + ( 𝜕𝑥 − )𝒛 (Rectangular)
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
1 𝜕𝐻𝑧 𝜕𝐻Ф 𝜕𝐻 𝜕𝐻𝑧 1 𝜕(𝑟𝐻Ф) 𝜕(𝐻𝑟 )
∇ x 𝐇 = (𝑟 − )𝒓 + ( 𝜕𝑧𝑟 − )Ф + 𝑟 ( − )𝒛 (Cylindrical)
𝜕Ф 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕Ф
1 𝜕(𝐻Ф 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) 𝜕𝐻𝜃 1 1 𝜕𝐻𝑟 𝜕(𝑟𝐻Ф ) 1 𝜕(𝑟𝐻𝜃) 𝜕𝐻𝑟
∇ x 𝐇 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ( − )𝒓 + 𝑟 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − )𝛉 + 𝑟 ( − )Ф (Spherical)
𝜕𝜃 𝜕Ф 𝜕Ф 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃

Laplacian: Gradient: ∇Ф =
𝜕Ф
| ̂
𝐧
𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥
2
∇ 𝑉= + 𝜕𝑦 2 + 𝜕𝑧 2 (Rectangular) ∮𝒔 𝑫.𝒅𝒔
𝜕𝑥 2
1 𝜕 𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉
Divergence: ∇. 𝐃 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦
∆𝒗→𝟎 ∆𝒗
∇2 𝑉 = 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 (𝑟 𝜕𝑟 ) + 𝑟 2 (𝜕Ф2 ) + 𝜕𝑧 2 (Cylindrical) ∮ 𝑫.𝒅𝒍
1 𝜕 𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕 𝜕𝑉 Curl: ∇×𝐃= | 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ∆𝒔 |𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝐬̂
∇2 𝑉 = 𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟 (𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟 ) + 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜕𝜃 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜕𝜃 ) + ∆𝒔→𝟎

1 𝜕2 𝑉
Divergence Theorem: ∭v ∇. 𝐃 dv = ∯s 𝐃. d𝐬
(Spherical)
𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝜕Ф2 Stokes Theorem: ∬s(∇ × 𝐃). d𝐬 = ∮ 𝐃. d𝐥

Gradient of Gradient: ∇(∇Φ)------ Not Possible Divergence of Curl: ∇. (∇ × 𝑨) ≡ 0

Gradient of Divergence: ∇(∇. 𝑨) Curl of Gradient: ∇ × (∇Φ) ≡ 0
Gradient of Curl: ∇(∇ × 𝑨) --- Not Possible Curl of Divergence: ∇ × (∇. 𝑨)---- Not Possible
Divergence of Gradient: ∇. (∇Φ) ≡ ∇2 Φ Curl of Curl: ∇ × (∇ × 𝑨) = ∇(∇. 𝑨) − ∇2 Φ
Divergence of Divergence: ∇. (∇. 𝑨)--- Not Possible 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = 𝟒𝝅𝒓𝟐 , 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = 𝟐𝝅𝒓𝟐

𝜕𝐼 𝐴 𝑉
Current Density: 𝑱 = 𝜕𝑠 𝐬̂ (𝑚2 ) , 𝑱 = 𝜎𝑬 Electric Field Intensity: 𝑬 (𝑚) , 𝑫 = 𝜖𝑬
𝐶 𝑊𝑏
Electric Flux Density: 𝑫 (𝑚2 ) Magnetic Flux Density: 𝑩 ( = 𝑇)
𝑚2
𝐴
Magnetic Field Intensity: 𝑯 ( ), 𝑩 = 𝜇𝑯
𝑚
Equations of Maxwell’s:
Gauss’s law: ∇. 𝐃 = 𝜌𝑣 Gauss’s law: ∮ 𝐃. d𝒔 = 𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑
Magnetic Gauss’s law: ∇. 𝐁 = 0 Magnetic Gauss’s law: ∮ 𝐁. d𝒔 = 0
𝜕𝑩 𝜕𝑩
Faraday’s law: ∇ × 𝐄 = − 𝜕𝑡 Faraday’s law: ∮ 𝐄. d𝒍 = − ∫ . 𝑑𝒔
𝜕𝑡
𝜕𝑫 𝜕𝑫
Modified Ampere’s law: ∇ × 𝐇 = 𝐉 + 𝜕𝑡
Modified Ampere’s law: ∮ 𝐇. 𝑑𝒍 = 𝐈 + ∫ . 𝑑𝒔
𝜕𝑡

1 𝑞1𝑞2 𝜌𝑠 𝜕𝜌𝑣
𝑭= . ̂
𝐑 𝑬= (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 − = ∇. 𝐉 (𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
2𝜖𝑜 𝜕𝑡
4𝜋𝜖𝑜 𝑅 2
𝑊 1 𝑞 ϕ − ∫ 𝑬. 𝑑𝒍 − ∫ 𝑬. 𝑑𝒍
1 𝑞 =ϕ= . 𝑅= = =
𝑬= ̂
. 2 𝐑 𝑞 4𝜋𝜖𝑜 𝑅
4𝜋𝜖𝑜 𝑅 𝐼 𝜎 ∫ 𝑬. 𝑑𝒔 ∫ 𝑱. 𝑑𝒔
𝑭 𝑬 = −∇ϕ 1 1
𝑬 = lim +∞ = [1 + 𝛼(𝑇 − 20)]
𝑞→0 𝑞 ϕ = − ∫−∞ 𝑬 . 𝑑𝒍 𝜎𝑇 𝜎20𝑜
ρl 𝜌𝑙 𝑞𝑒 = −1.602 × 10−19 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏
E= (xâx+yây ) 𝑫= (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
2πϵo r 2𝜋𝑟 𝜖𝑜 = 8.854 × 10−12 (𝐹𝑚−1 )
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑱 . 𝑑𝒔 (𝐾𝐶𝐿)
(for infinite line charge)